• 13th Amendment- abolishes slavery
• 14th Amendment- grants citizenship to former
slaves
• 15th Amendment- grants the right to vote to
African American males.
WHAT IS DISCRIMINATION?
• Discrimination involves:
• Beliefs : "This group of
people is inferior
because"
• Emotions : "I hate this
group of people."
• Actions : "I will deny
opportunity/hurt/kill
members of this group."
VOTING RESTRICTIONS
• All Southern states
imposed new voting
restrictions and
denied legal equality
to African Americans.
• Some states limited
the vote to those who
could read, other
states had a poll tax
which had to be paid
prior to voting.
$1.50 in 1932 = $24.12 in 2015
More Voting Restrictions:
• Since there were some
white men that couldn‘t
pass the simple literacy
test, a Grandfather
Clause was created.
• Grandfather Clause –
Men were allowed to
vote if he, his father, or
his grandfather had
been eligible to vote
before January 1, 1867.
• African Americans
couldn‘t vote before
1867!!!
• Southern states passed
Segregation Laws separated white and
black people in public
and private facilities.
• These laws came to be
known as “Jim Crow
Laws” - Racial
segregation in schools,
hospitals, parks, and
transportation systems
throughout the South.
Jim Crow Laws
Homer Plessy
• In 1896, in Plessy v.
Ferguson the
Supreme Court ruled
that the segregation
of races was legal and
did not violate the
14th Amendment.
• “Separate
but
equal”
• This decision legalized
racial segregation for
almost 60 years.
• As discrimination and
violence became
increasingly common,
black leaders began to
seek solutions for the
race problems.
• In 1905, many black
leaders met to discuss
the problem at the
Niagara Conference in
Ontario, Canada.
The World of Jim Crow
National Advancement of Colored
People
• Out of this
conference came
the formation of
the National
Association for the
Advancement of
Colored People
(NAACP) in 1909.
RACE RELATIONS - 1900
• Blacks faced legal
discrimination as well as
informal rules and customs.
• Meant to humiliate these
“rules” included; whites
never shaking the hand of
an African America, blacks
had to yield the sidewalk to
whites, blacks also had to
remove their hats in the
presence of whites.
VIOLENCE
• African Americans who
did not follow the racial
etiquette could face
severe punishment or
death
• Between 1882-1892,
more than 1,400 black
men and women were
shot, burned, or lynched
• Lynching peaked in the
1880s and1890s but
continued well into the
20th century
Lynching's: By State and Race, 1882-1968*
State
White
Black
Total
State
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
48
31
58
41
65
0
25
39
299
0
226
2
3
1
257
492
347
31
284
43
68
1
282
531
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
20
15
33
17
35
63
56
1
0
19
14
2
19
142
335
0
20
34
47
19
54
205
391
1
White
2
7
5
42
53
82
52
6
1
33
1
15
13
10
82
20
Black
Total
27
1
4
539
69
2
5
0
1
3
1
86
3
16
40
1
29
8
9
581
122
84
57
6
2
36
2
101
16
26
122
21
State
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
1,297
White Black
Total
2 6
8
4 156
160
27 0
27
47 204
251
141 352
493
6 2
8
1 0
1
17 83
100
25 1
26
20 28
48
6 0
6
30 5
35
3,446
4,743
*Statistics provided by the Archives at
Tuskegee Institute.
MAJOR AREAS OF LYNCHING
DISCRIMINATION IN THE
NORTH
• While most African Americans lived in the segregated South,
many blacks had migrated to the North in hopes of better
jobs & equality
• However, the North had its own brand of racism as blacks got
low paying jobs and lived in segregated neighborhoods
DISCRIMINATION IN THE WEST
• Discrimination in the west
was most often directed
against Mexican and Asian
immigrants
• Mexicans were often forced
in Debt Peonage – a system
of forced labor due to debt
• Asians were increasingly
excluded from mainstream
society and entering the
United States for work
through the Chinese
Exclusion Act.
“Liberation of the Peon” by Diego Rivera
What voting restrictions were placed on African
Americans in the South?
• Poll taxes
• Grandfather clause
What impact did Jim Crow Laws have?
• Separated whites and black in
facilities.
What significance did Plessy vs. Ferguson have on
the United States?
• Legalized racial segregation
• “Separate but equal”
How were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B.
Du Bois similar?
• African American
• More rights, education & equality
for blacks.
How did Mexicans face discrimination in the West?
• Debt Peonage- forced labor
because of debt.
How did Chinese face discrimination in the West?
• Chinese Exclusion Act- No Chinese
workers.