Visualisation in Design
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Visualisation in Design
Week 3
Plans
Today we will be introducing you to, and helping you to
understand:
Plans
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www.archaeologica.org
DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
What is a plan?
There are several types of plans. These
include (but are not limited to):
architectural plans (also known as the
floor plan), urban plans, landscape
plans .
Today we will be focussing on the
architectural floor plan.
www.theatre.ubc.ca
An architectural floor plan is a
horizontal section through an
object. For a building we typically take
this section approximately a metre off
the floor.
That way we can capture any windows
in the section and better comprehend
the nature of the space within the
building.
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
The presentation and the
construction plan: what’s the
difference?
Typically, the presentation plan has
colour, shading, plants and other details
on it. There usually isn’t much
construction detail on it. It is primarily for
visualisation/marketing and presentation
purposes, as the name suggests.
Construction plans usually have
dimensions, section lines, and are highly
detailed with information. These types of
plans are usually in black lines and
printed on white paper. The construction
plan is primarily for construction
purposes, as also the name suggests.
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
The history of the plan
To give you a little background, architectural plans once
were called "blueprints" (and still are sometimes by those
outside the field).
They got this name long ago by virtue of being blue.
In 1861, French chemist Aplhonse Louis Poitevin found
that a substance called iron gallate could be spread on
paper and would turn blue in the sun. He also found that
where the paper was shielded from the sun, it would
remain white.
When architects drew black lines on an original document,
clamped that doc to paper coated in iron gallate and set it
out in the sun, the black lines would block the sunlight.
Therefore, after the sun had done its work and the paper
was dried, the black lines drawn by the architect on the
first sheet of paper would appear white on the second
sheet of paper and the rest of that second sheet of paper
would appear blue. Voila! The first real architectural
photocopy machine was born [source: Boston Globe].
Obviously over time this method of creating copies of
drawings became replaced by other technology.
These days house plans are printed and duplicated the
same way everything else is -- on the computer.
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
How do we develop and draw a plan?
We start off with the schematic design, where a clearly
defined, feasible concept is developed. This process includes
clarification of the project’s program, exploration of
alternative designs, and estimations of construction costs.
From this “space planning” process of bubble diagrams we
move on to conceptual drawings.
The plans are developed loosely and are ‘firmed up’ once the
client is satisfied with the design.
The development drawings are then drawn up, with the
construction plans the final part of the process.
Of course there are many smaller stages in between, but
essentially this is the process
Later in the semester, you will be learning the “space
planning process”
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
How do we develop and draw a plan?
Imagine a glass plane cutting horizontally through the
object.
This creates the true plan of the object.
Imagine this for the small container – what do you
see when you take the lid off?
www.theatre.ubc.ca
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Findore.propguru.com%2Fbicholi-mardana-apartments-flats%2F3-bhk-apartments-flats-for-sale-in-grande-exotica-imib101285%2F&bvm=bv.113943665,d.dGo&psig=AFQjCNF_8TFAXANWpJk3jjcOIj2kggRJVw&ust=1455174427622188
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https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.makaan.com%2Findore-residential-projects%2Fgrande-exotica-chugh-group-bhicholi-mardana-indore%2Fmicrosite%2F28969%2F475646&bvm=bv.113943665,d.dGo&psig=AFQjCNF_8TFAXANWpJk3jjcOIj2kggRJVw&ust=1455174427622188
DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
A floor plan is an aerial plan view that is horizontally cut
approximately 1200mm above the floor level.
It is considered the most important architectural drawing
that presents significant amount of information on
the design and construction. It includes wall, door, window,
stair, appliance, equipment, cabinetry, and built-in interior
elements.
A floor plan is drawn to a scale with different line weights
and line types to deliver different levels of information
clearly.
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
Dotted/hidden lines are used to indicate the items that are
located above the cutting line such as upper cabinets, upper
part of stairway, openings, soffits, or other important upper
part of the wall or ceiling features.
Ceiling changes can be denoted with dashed lines called out
for notes in a small project.
Cross referencing symbols are used to relate the information
on the floor plan to other drawings such as elevation,
section, and detail drawings.
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
What information is included on a plan?
Well, it can vary, depending on what purpose the plan is for: presentation or
construction purposes. Typically, as a general rule, plans have on them:
• The room use
• Width and height of windows and doors
• Dimensions of inner places and outer surfaces. Dimensions are usually drawn
between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths
• Names of places, types of floor covers (ceramic, parquet etc.)
• Width, length, riser height of stairs and rising direction of staircase
• Thickness of outer and inner walls
• Dimensions for ceiling height and wall height
• Square meters of rooms.
• Sections and elevations describe the three-dimensional aspects of the floor plan
• Built in cabinetry and details of fixtures like sinks, built in heaters, etc.
• Furniture is included in presentation plans
• Floor plans can include notes for construction to specify finishes, construction
methods, or symbols for electrical items
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
Floor plans contain symbols denoting objects
Every symbol is drawn to the same scale as the rest of the floor plan. The meaning of the symbols is a
combination of:
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•
•
Appearance (a sofa symbol looks like a sofa and a bath symbol looks like a bath)
Conventions (e.g. dotted lines used for solid things above the cut line of a floor plan)
Labelling (e.g. ‘W’ for washer and ‘D’ for dryer)
Scale and compass
Scale and Compass
The scale indicates the scale on a ‘scale bar’ if necessary.
Here the feet and inches scale is on top and the metric underneath.
The North arrow tells you about the orientation of the property.
Walls
The top line represents an exterior wall and the bottom line an interior wall. Sometimes there may not much
of a difference noted between exterior and interior walls. Walls can also be represented by a black outline
rather than a solid line.
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
Architectural Details
The dotted square top left indicates something above the line where the floor plan is cut (typically 1200mm).
This may be a dropped ceiling, and the dotted line may be a ceiling beam.
The solid circle and square represent columns. The black and white circle is used to indicate floor heights
so you can tell if there's a step up or down. The image at the bottom represents a fireplace.
Doors
Single door
Double door
Sliding door
Bi-fold door
Pocket door
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
Windows
At the top is a double casement window and
underneath a single casement window
Stairs
Stair layouts include straight, U shaped,
L shaped, curved etc.
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
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DTB103 Interior Visualisation 1 2015.1
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Submit this exercise
Visualisation in Design
activity 1 drawing ROUGH plans
Preparation:
A3 sheets
Artline pens
You will be given an assembled laser cut house.
Draw what you think is the bottom floor plan – they
don’t have to be perfect! (this is a practice session).
Do not use a ruler for this; this is meant to be drawn
freehand.
Measure up the ground floor noting measurement
between all details
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Submit this exercise
Visualisation in Design
activity 2 experimental detailing
Preparation:
A3 sheets of paper
Your pens and pencils
Now using your Artline pens, experiment with the rough plan
The heaviest pen weight should be used for external solid
walls and the lighter pens for interior elements.
Using your graphite pencils and the textures and shading
techniques you have learnt so far, try exploring the different
detailing on your plan. Don’t get too stressed with this being
perfect – it is really for you to experiment different detailing
styles.
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Submit this exercise
Visualisation in Design
activity 3 adding dimensions
Preparation:
A3 sheets
Artline pens
Now draw in the basic dimensions of this plan as you see
here (the full A3 plan is posted on Blackboard and jimdo.
The scale is 1:100 on that drawing at A3). Even if you don’t
know what your building is constructed of, try and imagine
what it may be constructed of, and make some notes – it
doesn’t matter if you guess
This process is used to explain the drawing to yourself and
to your client.
Ensure that the ‘running dimensions’ add up to the overall
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dimension of the building
Submit this exercise
Visualisation in Design
activity 4 drawing REFINED plans
Preparation:
A3 sheets
Artline pens
Now using a scale rule, draw up HALF – you decide which
half - the plan at 1:50 scale, ensuring that all details are
correctly drawn.
*You will be using this same plan for your final submission
for Assignment 3, so bear this in mind*
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Submit this exercise
Visualisation in Design
activity 5 detailing
Preparation:
A3 sheets of paper
Your pens and pencils
Now using your Artline pens, detail your floor plan just like
you see here.
Remember that the heaviest pen weight should be used for
the parts that are most near to you, and the lighter pen
weights are used for the parts that are the most far from you.
Using your graphite pencils and the textures and shading
techniques you have learnt thus far, try exploring the
different detailing on your plan.
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Visualisation in Design
Next week
Elevations
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