Name ________________ Period ____ Number ____
Macromolecules/ Biomolecules Guided Notes
The four major groups of macromolecules found in living things are
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
4. _________ _____________
The Chemistry of Carbon
Carbon is versatile because
•
4 valence ___________ ____________________
•
bonds to itself using _________, ____________, or
___________bonds
•
can form ________ or _________ of carbon
Macromolecules = giant molecules
•
Small molecules containing C called ______________ (__________ ___________) can
_______ _____________ to form large __________________ (long chains of repeating units – can
be same or different monomer)
•
by the __________ of __________________
–
ex: complex carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
•
The main source of ____________ ______________ for living things
•
A molecule composed of _________, ___________, & _________ in the ratio of 1:2:1
•
Also used as a _____________ ___________________ by plants and some animals.
–
Ex: ____________, starches, cellulose
Sugars as Carbohydrates
•
_________ sugar molecules = _______________________
–
Ex: glucose
•
______ sugar molecules = _______________________
–
Ex: sucrose
•
______________ of simple sugars = ____________________
–
Ex: ____________, glycogen
Lipids
•
Generally ______ ______________ in H2O (will not dissolve)
•
used to _________ __________ _________ __________
•
part of biological _________________
•
waterproof coverings
•
made of 2 types of monomers
–
_________ _______ + ________ ______ tails
■ ex: fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
Fatty Acids
•
________ fatty acids = maximum # of Hydrogen atoms no double bonds
○ Ex: _______ __________
•
________________ fatty acids = at least one double or triple bond between C atoms
○ Ex: _______ __________
Nucleic Acids
•
__________ & _____________ genetic _______________
•
made of ____________ that include 3 parts
–
5C __________ - ___________ (RNA) or
_______________
(DNA)
–
a __________________ group
–
a nitrogenous _____________
–
ex: DNA, RNA
Proteins
•
made of a _____________ of _____________ that are made
of _________ ________
•
fold into __________ ______________ based on use or job
•
control the ________ of chemical reactions
•
•
_____________ substances into or out of the cell
fight disease & create muscle tissue