Water
TreatmentIndia
Teresa Maung &
Katherine Ngo &
Skylar Wu & Melody Yu
C
O
N
T
E
N
T
S
Part One
Part Two
Water Crisis
Benefits
Part Three
The Water Treatment Process
Part
One
Water Crisis
Part
one
Diarrohoeal
Diseases
Cholera
Amoebiasis
Giardiasis
Bacillary
Dysentery
Part
one
Other
Infections
01
Hepatitis A
and E
02
Typ h o i d a n d
P a r a t yp h o i d
03
Guinea
Wo r m
Infection
Part
one
Statistics
 Annually about 37.7 million Indians
are affected by waterborne diseases,
 Waterborne diseases such
as continue to be prevalent
in India and have caused
10,738 deaths, over the
last five years since 2017.
1.5 million children die of diarrhea
and 73 million working days are lost
leading to an economic burden of
$600 million a year.
Part
one
Correlation
The Delhi-based PEACE Institute
Charitable Trust, which initiated
the study to discover the
correlation between the health of
the Yamuna and the health of the
community dependent on it over
the last 25 years, unequivocally
blames the Capital’s increasing illhealth on the river’s condition. It
has based its findings on data
collected largely from different
state agencies.
PartTwo
Benefit
Part
two
Energy
Production
01
02
The sludge collected during the treatment is
This energy can be used to
treated with anaerobic bacteria. The gas
power the wastewater treatment
produced during this anaerobic process
plants making them self-
contains a large amount of methane, which is
sustainable, and if there happens
harvested and then burned to generate
to be an excess of energy
electricity.
produced, it could be transported
into a country’s national grid.
03
Part
two
Health
Benefits
Reduces the prevalence of
Waterborne Diseases as
transferred through direct
consumption
Waste Reduction
- reduces the water loss
induced through water
pollution.
- India lacks overall long-term
availability of replenish-able
water resources.
Better the living
environment of
aquatic species and
land species who
rely on water safety
Part Three
Water Treatment
Process
Part
three
Part
three
Portable
Water
Treatment
1. Water Intake
2. Chemical addition of lime and
alum to form “flock” (tiny sticky
particles) to attract dirt particles
3. Coagulation & Flocculation: dirt
& other particles attracted to
flock
4. Sedimentation: allows flock
materials to sink to bottom & be
filtered out
5. Filtration: using sand, gravel,
and/or charcoal layers
6. Disinfection: while stored in
tanks, kills microbes, usually w/
Cl
7. Distribution
Part
three
Primary
Treatment
Wastewater is passed through several
tanks and filters that separate water
from contaminants. The resulting
“sludge” is then fed into a digester, in
which further processing takes place.
This primary batch of sludge contains
nearly 50% of suspended solids within
wastewater.
Physically remove particles
through filtration and
sedimentation.
3. Remove sludge and
scum. Sludge settles to
bottom of sedimentation
tanks. Scum (grease, oils,
plastics, soaps) float. This
removes all solids.
Part
three
Primary
Treatment
1.Screening:
remove
large objects
2. Aeration:
Expose to air to
release dissolved
gases and
replenish oxygen.
Grit chamber.
4. Filtration for liquid
sewage with gravity.
5. Disinfection with
Cl
6. Effluent
(Treated water)
released to
local river or
ocean.
Part
three
Use bacteria to remove
contaminants.
Secondary
Treatment
Removes more than 90% of
suspended solids
Part
three
Secondary
Treatment
4.Large part
pumped into large
tanks, anaerobic
sludge digesters,
where anaerobic
bacteria & fungi
digest it. Usually
produces methane,
which is burned to
fuel treatment
facility.
2.Effluent passed
into settling tank
so bacterial
“flocs” can
sediment
(activated
sludge).
1.Primary
effluent passed
into aeration
tanks and
agitated
mechanically.
3. Small part
pumped back
into aeration
tank as
inoculum.
5.Leftover
sludge burned
or buried in
landfill. Fluid
recycled.
Part
three
Septic Tank
System
1.Household
sewage
digested by
anaerobic
bacteria.
2.Solids settle to bottom
as sludge. Oil & grease
float to top as scum.
Liquid effluent carried to
drain field. Compartments
& T-shaped outlet prevent
sludge & scum from
leaving tank.
3. Water
seeps out
through
holes in tiles
of drain field
4. Water percolates
thru soil, which
naturally removes
coliform bacteria,
viruses, nutrients.
Part
three
Bibliography
1.Khambete, Aarti K. “When Water Kills.” India Water Portal, Arghyam
Initiative, 9 Jan. 2019, www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/when-water-kills.
2.“Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Wastewater Treatment: How Do They Work? - Innovative Solutions for
Wastewater Treatment: Organica Water Inc.” Innovative Solutions for Wastewater Treatment | Organica
Water Inc., 27 June 2017, www.organicawater.com/primary-secondary-tertiary-wastewater-treatment-work/
.
3.“Secondary Wastewater Treatment.” Secondary Wastewater Treatment | Northern Great Plains
Water Consortium, University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center (UND
EERC)., 1992, undeerc.org/Water/Decision-Support/Treatment-Technologies/SecondaryWastewater-Treatment.aspx.
4. “Conventional Septic System.” Environmental Protection Agency, Nov. 2008,
www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/201811/conventional_septic_system-600x575.jpg.
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