0.2:
Early Colonial Settlements
Reasons for England to colonize:


Jamestown

-Indian attacks, famine,
diseases run rampant.
- located in swampy area on
James River
- food supplies dwindle
- House of Burgesses
- tobacco growth thanks to
leadership of John Smith,
John Rolfe, and Pocahontas
- used forced (slave) and
free (indentured) labor
- fell into debt, lost charter,
and came under direct rule
of King James I, now
called “Virginia
Colony”
Spanish Settlements
-
-
-
Florida (1565): established
settlement at St. Augustine.
Oldest city in North America
today
New Mexico (1609): Santa Fe
established as capital. Pueblo
people revolted in 1680 due to
imperialism
Texas (early 1700’s): attempted
to resist French exploration.
California (1769): permanent
settlement in San Diego. San
Francisco - 1776. Father Junipero
Serra founded 9 missions
England gained reputation of
strong Navy
Population growing at faster
rate than economy (less land)
Joint-stock companies: pooled
the savings of middle class
people
and
supported
potentially successful trading
ventures.
Plymouth
- Separatists: wanted to
reform Church of England
- Pilgrims set sail aboard the
Mayflower (Mayflower
Compact created)
- economic and religious
motivation. Less than ½ of
100 passengers separatists.
- first winter, half their
number perished. Helped to
survive by Native
Americans.
- leader: Gov. William
Bradford
Spanish
Inadvertently
brought diseases.
Intermarried in order
to settle an empire.
Rigid class system
developed.
Mass. Bay
- religious freedom
seekers, Puritans.
- royal charter granted
- led by John Winthrop
- Great Migration: civil
war in England (1630’s)
drove 15,000 more
settlers to Massachusetts
- limited, but important
democratic actions.
- freemen, members of
puritan church that
participate in elections.
English
Started peaceful,
trading furs and
English goods, but
ended with conflict
and war. (Indians“savages”) wanted
N. A. land
Treatment of
Native Americans
French
Maintained
relatively good
relations. Fur trade.
French posed little
threat to native
populations.