CONTENTS
Abstract
i
List of Figures
iv
List of Tables
v
Chapter No.
Description
Page No.
Chapter-1: Microgrid Environmental Economic Dispatch – An Overview
1-13
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Microgrids – Features and Operation
1
1.3
1.2.1
Microgrid – Definitions
1
1.2.2
Microgrid Historical Perspective
3
1.2.3
Microgrids – Motivation and Necessity
4
1.2.4
Microgrid Classification
4
1.2.5
Microgrid Components
5
1.2.6
Microgrid Hierarchical Operation
7
1.2.7
Microgrid Benefits and Challenges
9
Microgrid Optimal Scheduling
9
1.3.1
Microgrid Optimal Scheduling Methodologies
9
1.3.2
Microgrid Optimization Software Tools
11
1.4
Experimental Microgrids and Microgrid Test-Beds around the World
12
1.5
Organization of the Report
13
Chapter–2: Microgrid Operation Cost and Emission Modelling
14-21
2.1
Introduction
14
2.2
Operation Cost & Emission – Mathematical Modelling
14
2.2.1
Conventional Power-Only Units
14
2.2.2
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Units /
(Co-generation Units)
15
2.2.3
Heat-Only Units
15
2.2.4
Wind Power Units
16
2.2.5
Solar Power Units
17
ii
2.2.6
Diesel Generating Units
18
2.2.7
Gas Turbines
18
2.2.8
Fuel Cell Plants
19
2.2.9
Microturbines
19
2.2.10 Battery Banks
20
2.2.11 Power Purchase from the Main Grid
20
2.2.12 Emission / Carbon Tax
20
2.2.13 Total Power Transmission Loss
21
2.2.14 Total Heat Transmission Loss
21
Chapter–3: Microgrid Environmental Economic Dispatch - Problem Formulation 22-26
3.1
Objective Functions
22
3.2
Constraints and Limits
22
3.3
MG EED Problem Formulation
25
Chapter–4: Microgrid Dynamic Economic/Emission Dispatch – A Case Study
27-32
4.1
Introduction
27
4.2
Mathematical Formulation of DEED Problem including PEVs
28
4.3
Strategy for Peak Shaving and Valley Filling
30
4.4
Scheduling Strategy
30
4.5
Simulation Results and Analysis
31
Chapter-5: Conclusions
36
References
37
iii