Bonding 1. The electronic configuration of an ion is 2.8.8. What could this ion be? 2. The diagrams show the structures of two forms, P and Q, of a solid element. What are suitable uses of P and Q, based on their structures? 3. Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are ……1……. Covalent compounds have ……2…… electrical conductivity. Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2? 4. Which change to an atom occurs when it forms a positive ion? 1|Page Bonding A It gains electrons. B It gains protons. C It loses electrons. D It loses protons. 5. The electronic structures of atoms P and Q are shown. P and Q react to form an ionic compound. What is the formula of this compound? A PQ2 B P 2Q C P2Q6 D P6Q2 6. The table shows the electronic structures of four atoms. Which two atoms combine to form an ionic compound? A W and X B W and Y C X and Y D X and Z 7. The diagram shows the structure of three particles, R, S and T. Which row describes these particles? 2|Page Bonding 8. Which diagram correctly shows the ions present in the compound potassium fluoride? 9. Metals consist of a lattice of positive ions in a ‘sea of electrons’. Why is aluminium malleable? A Its ions are attracted to the ‘sea of electrons’. B Its ions are tightly packed together. C Its ions repel each other. 3|Page Bonding D Its layers of ions can slide over each other. 10. Which substance exists as a lattice of positive ions in a ‘sea of electrons’? A liquid potassium chloride B solid graphite C solid magnesium D solid silicon(IV) oxide 11. Metals are malleable. Which statement explains why metals are malleable? A Metallic bonding is very strong. B Metals are good conductors of electricity. C Positive metal ions are arranged in a regular lattice structure. D The layers of positive metal ions can slide over each other. 12. The following is a list of the electron distributions of atoms of unknown elements. (a) Choose an element from the list for each of the following descriptions. (i) It is a noble gas. ..…………….. (ii) It is a soft metal with a low density. ……………… (iii) It can form a covalent compound with element A. ..……………. (iv) It has a giant covalent structure similar to diamond. ………………. (v) It can form a negative ion of the type X3-. ………………. [5] (b) Elements C and F can form an ionic compound. 4|Page Bonding (i) Draw a diagram that shows the formula of this compound, the charges on the ions and the arrangement of the valency electrons around the negative ion. Use o to represent an electron from an atom of C. Use x to represent an electron from an atom of F. [3] (ii) Predict two properties of this compound. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2] [Total: 10] 13. An ore of the important metal zinc is zinc blende, ZnS. This is changed into zinc oxide which is reduced to the impure metal by carbon reduction. In common with most metals, zinc is a good conductor of electricity. It is used as an electrode in cells. (i) Describe the metallic bonding in zinc and then explain why it is a good conductor of electricity. ............................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................[4] 5|Page
