A Leader is Born or Built? What Is Leadership? Leadership Management The ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals. Use of authority inherent in designated formal rank to obtain compliance from organizational members. “Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things” (Warren Bennis and Peter Drucker) Four factors of leadership Definition The ability to positively influence people and systems to have a meaningful impact and achieve results. ❖ Leading People ❖ Influencing People ❖ Commanding People ❖ Guiding People Characteristics of Leadership 1. Leader must have followers 2. It is working relationship between leader and followers 3. Purpose is to achieve some common goal or goals 4. A leader influences his followers willingly not by force 5. Leadership is exercised in a given situation 6. Leadership is a power relationship 7. It is a continuous process Significance Role of Leaders 1. Setting Goals 2. Motivating Employees 3. Building morale 4. Creating Confidence 5. Discipline 6. Developing Team-work 7. Facilitates Change 8. Representing the group Leadership Styles 1. Leader by the position achieved 2. Leader by personality, charisma 3. Leader by moral example 4. Leader by power held 5. Intellectual leader 6. Leader because of ability to accomplish things • The manager administers; the leader innovates. • The manager maintains; the leader develops. • The manager accepts reality; the leader investigates it. • focuses on systems and structures; the leader focuses on people. • The manager relies on control; the leader inspires trust. • has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective. • The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why. • Has eye always on the bottom line; the leader has his or her eye on the horizon. • • • The manager imitates; the leader originates. accepts the status quo; the leader challenges it. • is the classic good soldier; the leader is his or her own person. Leadership Management Working on the system Working in the system Pro-active Create opportunities React- working on the existent Seek opportunities Control risks Change organizational rules Enforce organizational rules Provide a vision to believe in and strategic alignment Seek and then follow direction Motivate people by satisfying basic human needs Control people by pushing them in the right direction Inspire achievement and energize people Coordinate effort Coach followers, create selfleaders and empower them Provide instructions LEADERSHIP THEORIES 1. TRAIT THEORY 2. BEHAVIORAL THEORIES 3. CONTINGENCY THEORIES 1. Trait Theories Leadership Traits: • Ambition and energy • The desire to lead • Honest and integrity • Self-confidence • Intelligence • High self-monitoring • Job-relevant knowledge Traits Theories of Leadership Theories that consider personality, social, physical, or intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from non-leaders. 2. Behavioral Theories Behavioral Theories of Leadership Theories proposing that specific behaviors differentiate leaders from non-leaders. • Trait theory: Leaders are born, not made. • Behavioral theory: Leadership traits can be taught. 3. Contingency Theory Contingency Theory • Assumptions: – No one best way of leading – Ability to lead contingent upon various situational factors: • Leader’s preferred style • Capabilities and behaviors of followers • Various other situational factors • Effect: – Leaders who are successful in one situation may become unsuccessful if the factors around them change Leadership Theories Managerial Grid 9 8 7 6 **manager ’s goal is 9,9** 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Leadership Theories Situational Leadership • Situational factors (motivation, capability of followers, relationship between followers and leader) determine the best action of leader • Leader must be flexible to diagnosis leadership style appropriate for situation and be able to apply style • No one best leadership style for all situations Leadership Theories Hersey & Blanchard’s Model Source: Reprinted with permission from the Center for Leadership Studies. Situational Leadership® is a registered trademark of the Center for Leadership Studies. Escondido, California. All rights reserved. Summary of Leadership Theories Theory Leadership Based On… Trait Theory Leaders born with leadership traits Behavioral Theory Initial structure and consideration - Role Theory Shaped by culture, training, modeling - Managerial Grid Concern for production and concern for people Participative Leadership More people involved = better collaboration - Lewin’s Style Autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire - Likert’s Style Task oriented, relationship oriented, participative style Contingency Theories No one best leadership style - Fiedler’s LPC Theory Task focus v. relationship focus - Cognitive Resource Theory Intelligence and experience make a difference - House’s Path Goal Theory Help followers make their goals compatible with organizational goals Situational Leadership Similar to contingency theory - Hersey and Blanchard Based on relationship between leader and follower and task behavior - Vroom & Yetton Decision quality and decision acceptance Transactional Vs. Transformational Leadership Basis of Distinction Basis Method of inspiration Orientation Approach Main functions of leader Transactional Based on exchange relationship between leader and followers. Transformational Based on leaders values, beliefs and needs of followers Rewards and recognition for good performance Leaders charisma, vision and energy Task Orientaion Goal Orienatation Passive and stable Active and dynamic Determination of objectives, clarifying tasks, helping subordinates in achieving objectives Providing vision and sense of mission, instilling pride, gaining respect and trust, inspiring people, giving personal attention. Type of People in the organization 21 บุคลิกภาพใน 4 มิติ MBTI มิตดิ ้านการมองโลกหรือการหันเข้าหาคน หันหาผู อ ้ น ื่ หันหาตนเอง มิตด ิ า้ นการร ับข้อมู ล จินตนาการ โลกแห่งความจริง มิตด ิ า้ นการตัดสินใจ/การประเมินสถานการณ์ เหตุและผล ความรู ้สึก มิตด ิ า้ นการดาเนิ นชีวต ิ มีระบบระเบียบ 22 เรียบง่ ายสบายๆ Thai Style Leadership????????
