International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal | www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | Volume - 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov – Dec 2018
Design and Development of Automated Irrigation System
1
Arjunsing T. Rathod1, Dr. A. U. Awate2
M.E. CAD/CAM, Scholar
Scholar, 2Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and Research, Badnera, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
In India, agriculture plays an important role for
development in food production. In our country,
agriculture are depends on the monsoons which is not
sufficient source of water. So the irrigation is used in
agriculture
re field. The greenhouse based modern
agriculture industries are the recent requirement in
every part of agriculture in India. In this technology,
The overhead structure is created for the movement of
water spraying machine. This machine unit which is
programmed by the microcontroller will spray the
water from start to end plant in the rows. This system
provides the equal amount of water to every plant in
the greenhouse unit. One of the objectives of this
work is to see how human control could be removed
from
om irrigation and also to optimize the use of water
in the process. In greenhouse effect it is very difficult
to provide adequate amount of water by manual
watering process Hence, Automated irrigation system
plays an important role. It also helps in time ssaving,
removal of human agriculture and the climatic
conditions. The most important factor of this system is
microcontroller is used to control the movement of
water spraying machine.
Key Words: Automation, Overhead structure,
Microcontroller, Water spraying
ing machine, Soil
moisture sensor
1. INTRODUCTION
Continuous increasing demand of food requires the
control in highly specialized greenhouse vegetable
rapid improvement in food production technology. In
a production and it is a simple, precise method for
country like India, where the economy is mainly
based on irrigation. The irrigation system provide
only required amount of water to crop. This
automated irrigation system allows it to be scaled up
for larger greenhouses or open fields. An automated
irrigation
ion system was developed to optimize water use
for agricultural crops. Agriculture is the main source
for food production. Using science and technology we
need to implement a method by which there can be
limited consumption of water source is needed. The
green house based modern agriculture industries are
the recent requirement in every part of agriculture in
India. In this technology, the humidity and
temperature of plants are precisely controlled. In
greenhouse effect plants are planted very nearer to
each
ach other so it is very difficult to give adequate
amount of water to all plants. Manual watering
process is not so easy for every plant in the
greenhouse effect, so the different types of irrigation
systems are developed like Surface irrigation, Drip
irrigation,
gation, Sprinkler irrigation, Centre pivot irrigation,
Lateral move irrigation, Sub-irrigation
Sub
and manual
irrigation. In this project overhead structure is
provided for the plant watering process. One water
spraying device is located on the overhead structure
struct
which will operate by the use of microcontroller. The
water spraying element is programmed in such a way
that it will follow the instruction given by the
microcontroller. It will spray the adequate amount of
water to each plant in the greenhouse effect.
effect This type
of technology is more efficient use of water for
irrigation in agriculture.
Fig :- (1) Automated Irrigation System
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Dec 2018
Page: 1052
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456
2. SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
Water is a very precious resource and a driving force
in irrigation. Adequate amount of water is needed tto
every plant in the field, getting better plant yields,
reduce dependency on fertilizers and improve crop
quality. Various methods are available to measure soil
moisture content, but the quickest and better one is
with the use of soil moisture sensor electronic
tronic devices.
For successful irrigation, it is necessary to monitor
soil moisture content continuously in the irrigation
fields. This sensor can be used to test the moisture of
soil, When the soil is having water shortage, the
sensor will show the moisture content on LED display
and microcontroller will perform the operation.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig :- (2) Soil Moisture Sensor
Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in
soil. A soil moisture probe is made up of multiple soil
moisturee sensors. One common type of soil moisture
sensors in commercial use is a Frequency domain
sensor such as a capacitance sensor. Another sensor,
the neutron moisture gauge, utilize the moderator
properties of water for neutrons. Soil moisture content
may bee determined via its effect on dielectric constant
by measuring the capacitance between two electrodes
implanted in the soil.
3. METHODOLOGY
The Microcontroller based automated irrigation
system consists of moisture sensor, microcontroller,
Relay driver, DC motors, overhead moving system
etc. The moisture sensor is buried in the field at
required depth. If the moisture content in the field gets
reduced to lower threshold limit, the signal is
produced from the microcontroller to turn ON relay.
The relay allowedd overhead moving system to reach
over to each plant and spray water over it from the
source is supplied to the field. Moisture level sensed
from the sensor will be displayed in the LCD display.
After reaching upper threshold limit, the sensor gives
corresponding
ponding signal to the microcontroller and the
relay is turned OFF.
Fig :- (3) Block Diagram of Microcontroller Based
Automated Irrigation System
Fig :- (3) Electronic Circuit
This circuit includes Relay, Micro chip, LED display
screen, Transformers, Soil moisture sensor circuit,
Water spraying circuit
1. Relay: This unit takes signal from the
microcontroller and provides output signal to the
water spraying motor.
2. Microcontroller: This unit provides movement of
the overhead system forward and backward
motion is done by the signal of microcontroller.
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456
3. LED Display: LED display shows the soil
moisture contents, If soil moisture is low then
water spraying motor will start and water will
come from the nozzle until the soil moisture level
come up to 45 after that system stops.
4. Soil Moisture Sensor Circuit: This circuit detects
the soil moisture level and send signal to the
motor via relay.
5. Water Spraying Circuit: This motor run when soil
moisture
oisture level below 45 until it comes to the 45
till that limit water will be continuously sprayed.
6. Transformer: Transformers are provided for the
change of voltage in the circuit. This system
requires 12V DC supply which we can provide
from the battery butt the battery cannot provide
same supply for long period of time so we need to
charge it again and again instead of that we have
used AC supply which is converted in to DC by
Transformers.
plants are implanted for better look. Two channels are
provided for the movement of horizontal slider which
perform forward and
d backward movement of spraying
nozzles. One DC motor of 200 RPM used for the
movement of slider with the help of long threaded rod
of 10mm diameter. Two medium density fiber board
(MDF) which are used for supportive structure of
dimension 100mm*100mm , At one side DC motor is
fixed with threaded stud and fixed at the another end.
Two threaded studs are fixed at both MDF sheet with
the help of nuts. One horizontal pvc pipe is fixed in
between two vertical slide of MDF sheet. On that
horizontal pvc pipe two nozzles are provided for
spraying unit. Two limit switches are provide at both
sides for the slider so that it will not cross the limit
when it perform forward and backward motion.
4. CATIA DESIGN
Fig :- (5) Plywood Base
Fig :- (6) T PVC Pipe
Fig :- (4) Automated Irrigation System
In this model we have used
sed one plywood sheet which
is called base on that base we have mounted four
vertical pvc pipes for support structure. Artificial
Fig :- (7) Vertical Pipes
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456
5. ADVANTAGES
The smart irrigation system will help us to provide
significant amount of water to every plant in the
greenhouse
use effect. It helps us to reduce human efforts
for manual watering process. It improves the yields of
crops which mean more income for the farmer people
prosperous. Soil moisture sensors are more accurate
than rain sensors because they can detect moisture at
the level of the root system. They are more exact in
measuring how much water your plants are receiving
and thus offer greater water savings.
Fig :- (8) 3 Way Upper Joint
Fig :- (9) Slider
Fig :- (10) Nozzle
6. APPLICATIONS
An overhead watering method is a practical choice to
cover all the pots evenly with moisture. Sprinkler
heads connected to overhead water pipes emit a misty
spray across the entire greenhouse. Larger
greenhouses benefit from this irrigation method
because the sprinklers cover a significant amount of
square footagee in a short amount of time. This system
is designed to apply water by moving over the plants.
Using boom irrigation facilitates uniform water
application which in turn results in healthy growth of
the plants. Due to easy operation, uniformity and
efficiency,
cy, boom irrigation system are estimated to
register strong growth over the forecast period.
7. FUTURE SCOPE
In this system we can provide reverse watering
process by programming method. Overhead system
works on the basis of microcontroller device. We can
implant
plant outside temperature and humidity sensor.
Whenever there is a change in temperature and
humidity of the surroundings these sensors sense the
change in temperature and humidity of the
surroundings and gives an interrupt signal to the
microcontroller. Iff different kinds of sensors (that is,
temperature, humidity, and etc.) are involved in such
irrigation in future work, it can be said that an internet
based remote control of irrigation automation will be
possible.
8. CONCLUSION
The primary application of this
his project is for farmers
and gardeners who do not have enough time to water
their Crops/plants. The system improves the
efficiency of water use to save water, relying on
modern science and technology to achieve high
quality and crop yield with the littlest
little water source.
The Microcontroller based overhead irrigation system
proves to be real time feedback control system which
Fig :- (11) Automated Irrigation System
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456
monitors and controls all the activities of overhead
irrigation system efficiently.
9. REFRENCES
1. R. Vagulabranam, M. Karthikeyan
Karthikeyan, V. Sasikala,
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2395-0056
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