Organelles
• Organelles are specialized structures that make up a cell
Functions of Organelles
Plant cells
Animal cells
Both cells
Nucleus
Nucleus
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Ribosome
Ribosome
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane
Vacuole
Vacuole (small / no)
Vacuole
Cell wall
Centrioles
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Genetic information in the form of DNA is stored in the nucleus, making it the
control center of the cell
Characteristics
• The largest organelle in the cell
• Dense and spherical
• Consists of three main components:
Nuclear envelope – separates the contents of
the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Chromatin – carries genetic material in the
form of DNA
Nucleolus – a darker and dense region
The nucleus acts as the “control center” of the cell,
and it is only found in eukaryotic cells. The nucleus
contains DNA molecules and a variety of proteins to
form chromosomes
Function
• Controls all cellular activities (eg, cell division)
• Contains DNA which determines the characteristics of a cell and its metabolic
functions
• The information carried by the DNA directs and controls the activities of the cell.
Eg, protein synthesis
• These proteins determine the structure of the cell and the functions it can
perform
• The hereditary information stored in the nucleus controls the cell’s growth,
reproduction ,intermediary metabolism and protein synthesis.
• The nucleus contains a semi-fluid substance called nucleoplasm, which stores
chromatin.
Chloroplasts
Characteristics
• Lens-shaped organelles
• Have a double membrane
• The internal chloroplast membranes contain green pigment called
chlorophyll
Structure:
• The outer and inner membranes: protective coverings that keep
chloroplast structures enclosed
• Stroma: dense fluid within the chloroplast. Site of conversion of
carbon dioxide to sugar
• Thylakoid: flattened sac-like membrane structures. Site of conversion
of light energy to chemical energy
• Grana: dense layer stacks of thylakoid sacs. Site of conversion of light
energy to chemical energy
• Chlorophyll: a green pigment found in thylakoids. Absorbs light energy
Function
• Chlorophyll traps the energy from sunlight and converts light energy
into chemical energy during photosynthesis
• The green pigment of chlorophyll gives plants their green colour
• Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and
carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant.
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFVsvgiQdx8