PEDIATRIC ASSESSMENTS
Type
Assessments
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
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Assessment of Premature
Infants & Behavior (APIB)
Premature infants
Assess patterns of developing
Behavior checklist & scale
Neuro Assessment of Preterm and Full-term Newborn
Infant (NAPFI)
Premature and full
term infants
Brief neuro exam incorporated into a
routine exam
Rating scale administered in a
sequence:
1) Quite sleep state
2) Items not influenced by sleep
3) Awake state
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Hawaii Early Learning
Profile Revised (HELP)
Birth - 3 yrs w/
developmental
delays,
disabilities or at risk
6 areas of function in natural
environment:
● Cognition
● Language
● GM
● FM
● Social-emotional
● Self-help
Nonstandardized scale of
developmental levels
Administered in natural
environment
Protocol – warm-up, structure
play and snack time
behavioral organization in response
to ↑ sensory & environmental stimuli
3 – 6 years w/ &
w/out delays
Battelle Developmental
Inventroy
Birth - 7.11 yrs
Looks at early childhood
developmental milestones (adaptive,
personal-social, communication,
motor, & cognitive)
Norm Referenced
Determines eligibility in special
education services
Denver Developmental
Screening Test II
1mo - 6 yrs
Early identification of kids at risk for
developmental delays in 4 areas:
● Personal-social,
● Fine motor-adaptive
● Language
● Gross motor skills
Standardized task performance
observation
125 test items
Administered in sequential
progression under child’s
age toward higher level until child
fails 3x
Bayley Scales of Infant
Development, 3rd ed.
(BSID-III)
1 - 42 mo
Assess cognitive, language,
motor, social-emotional and
adaptive behavior skills
Standardized rating scale
Parents compete two part survery
w/ child performing tasks
Posture and Fine Motor
Assessment of Infants
(PFMAI)
2-6 mo (I)
6-10 mo (II)
Looks at an infant’s developmental
motor milestones that would help
develop intervention and treatment
plans.
Criterion Referenced
Assessed at home with caregiver
present.
Pediatric Evaluation of
Disability Inventory (PEDI)
6 mo - 7.5 yrs
Assess capabilities & detects
functional deficits to determine
developmental level, monitor child’s
progress, & complete program eval
Standardized behavior checklist &
rating scale
Observation, interview and
scoring of self-care, mobility, and
social skills
First Step Screening Test
for evaluating preschoolers
2 yrs 9 mo - 6 yrs 2
mo (3-6)
Identifies preschool students at-risk
and in need of a motor
comprehensive evaluation
Assesses domains identified by IDEA
● Cognition,
● Communication
● Physical
● Social
● Emotional & adaptive functioning
Table-top tasks administered
Optional social-emotional rating
scale (based on
behavior)
Optional Adaptive Behavior
Checklist (rated according to info
obtained from parent)
Optional Parent-teacher scale
(additional info not
obtained with testing)
Miller Assessment for
Preschoolers (MAP)
2 yrs, 9 mo - 5 yrs, 8
mo
Assess sensory & motor
abilities consisting of
foundation and coordination
indexes, cognitive abilities
(verbal/nonverbal) and
combined abilities (complex
Standardized task-performing
screening tool
tasks)
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Toddler & Infant Motor
Evaluation (TIME)
Birth - 3 yrs, 6 mo
Assesses quality of movement w/ 5
subtests:
● Mobility
● Stability
● Motor organization
● Social/emotional
● Functional performance
Peabody Developmental
Motor Scales (PDMS)
Birth - 6 yrs w/
motor, speech, or
hearing disorders
Looks at GM and FM development
● Reflexes
● Sustained control,
● Locomotion
● Object manipulation
● Grasping
● Visual motor integration
Standardized rating scale
Gross Motor Function
Measure (GMFM)
5 mo - 16 yrs
Assesses a child’s change in GM
skills.
Norm Referenced
Miller Function &
Participation Scales (MFUN)
2.6 to 7.11 yrs
Assess how a child VM, FM, & GM in
school and at home.
Standardized, norm referenced
Performance-based & contextbased
Bruininks- Oserteskyy Test
of Motor Proficiency (BOT2)
4 – 21 yrs
Assess and provides index of overall
motor proficiency, FM & GM
composites
Consideration of speed,
duration, accuracy and
hand/foot preferences
Standardized assessment
Long/short form w/ 8 subtests:
● FM precision
● FM integration
● Manual dexterity
● Coordination
● Balance
● Running speed/agility
● UE coordination
● Strength
Clinical Observation of
Motor and Postural Skills
(COMPS-2)
5 - 15 yrs
Identifies motor coordination deficits
with a postural
Component. Addresses play &
functional mobility
Performance-based screening
tool
Norm referenced
Erhardt Developmental
Prehension Assessment
(EDPA)
Children w/
neurodevelopmental
disabilities
Assesses three clustered areas:
● Involuntary arm-hand patterns
● Voluntary movements of
approach
● Prewriting skills
Charting/monitoring of prehensile
development
ID’s developmental gaps in
prehensile development and
need for further assessment
Observation checklist based on
performance
341 test components categorized
Erhardt Developmental
Vision Assessment (EDVA)
and Short Screening Form
(EDVA-S)
Birth to 6 mo
Visuomotor development
● Involuntary visual patterns,
● Eyelid reflexes
● Pupillary reactions
● Doll’s eye responses,
● Fixation
● Localization
● Ocular pursuit
● Gaze shift
Behavior rating scale
271 test items organized
developmentally into 7
clusters
Findings determine indications for
ophthalmic
eval
Test of Visual-Motor Skills
(TVMS)
Test of Visual-Motor Skills:
Upper Level (TVMS-UL)
TVMS: 2 - 13 yrs
TVMS-UL: 12 - 40
yrs
Drawing geometric forms increasingly
more complex
Hand eye coordination skills for
copying geometric designs
Beery-Buktenica
Developmental Test of
Visual Motor Integration-
2 - 100 yrs
Copy 24 shapes ranking from easy to
difficult
Standardized assessment
VMI
Preschool Visual Motor
Integration Assessment
(PVMIA)
3.5 - 5.5 yrs
VM integration & VP skills
● Perception in space,
● Awareness of spatial
relationships
● Color & space discrim
● Matching two attributes
● Reproduce what is seen and
interpreted
Observation checklist
2 performance subtests
1) Drawing subtestrecognize/reproduce lines &
shapes
2) Block Patterns subtestrecognize color/shape &
reproduce using 3-D blocks
Developmental Test of
Visual Perception (DTVP-3)
4 - 10 yrs
VP skills & VM integration for levels of
performance & for designing
interventions
● 8 subtests for children
● 4 subtests for adults
Standardized assessment
Developmental Test of
Visual Perception Adolescent and Adult
P
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11 - 74 yrs
Test of Visual-Perceptual
Skills (TVPS-3)
4 - 19 yrs
Visual discrimination, visual memory,
visual-spatial relationships, visual
form constancy, visual sequential
memory, visual figure-ground and
visual closure
Multiple choice format questions
Coping Inventory & Early
Coping Inventory
ECI: 4-36 mo.
CI: 15+ yrs
Assess coping habits, skills, &
behaviors including
effectiveness, style, strengths, &
vulnerabilities to develop plan
Coping: questionnaire assessing
coping styles
(productive, active, flexible)
ECI: questionnaire assessing
sensorimotor
Childhood Autism Rating
Scale (CARS)
2+ yrs w/ autism
Determines severity of autism (mild,
mod, severe), distinguishes autism
from developmental delay
Observation and rating of
behavior
Child Occupational Self
Assessment (COSA)
8 - 13 yrs
Child assesses their own perception
on how well they perform certain
occupations.
Nonstandardized self-report
Based on MOHO theory
Revised Knox Preschool
Play Scale (RKPPS)
Birth to 6 yrs
Looks at play skills to differentiate
developmental play abilities,
strengths, weaknesses, & interest
ares
4 dimensions
● Space management,
● Material management
● Pretense/symbolic
● Participation
Useful for children who are not
appropriate for standardized
testing
Observation in natural
indoor/outdoor environment
2 30-minute periods of play
Transdisciplinary PlayBased Assessment (TPBA)
Birth - 6 yrs
Measures child's development,
learning style, interaction patterns,
behaviors to determine need for
service
Play assessment employing team
observation
Test of Playfulness (ToP)
6 mo - 18 yrs
Assesses child’s playfulness based
on intrinsic motivation, internal
control, disengagement from
constraints of family, and framing
Observation
Play History
children & teens
Looks at play behavior and play
opportunities
Interview of caregiver
School functional
Assessment (SFA)
K - 6th grade
Assesses & monitors functional
performance in order to promote
participation in school environment
Criterion referenced questionnaire
assess level of participation, type
of
support required and performance
on school related tasks
Handwriting Without Tears
(HWT) Screener
K - 4th grade
Whole class assessment that looks at
a student’s handwriting skills.
RTI Tier 1
Identifies students who struggle
with handwriting
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McMaster Handwriting
Assessment Protocol
K - 6th grade
Assesses handwriting along with the
classroom workstation, behavior,
postural control, workbook review
● Writing from memory,
● Near point copying
● Far point copying,
● Dictation
● Composition.
Criterion referenced
Evaluation Tool of
Children’s Handwriting
(ETCH)
1st - 6th grade
Assesses a student’s legibility and
speed of handwriting tasks similar to
those required in class
Criterion referenced
Performance-based observation
School Setting Interview
(SSI)
10+ yrs w/ a
physical motor
dysfunction who’s
verbal
Determines a student- environment fit
in relation to activity participation at
school.
Nonstandardized semi-structured
interview
Based on MOHO
AIR Self Determination
Scale
All school-aged
students
Profile level of self- determination &
develop plan to improve this skill,
identify strengths & needs, and
identify goals at school
Criterion Referenced- Self-report
Sensory Profile
Birth – 36 mo
Measures reactions to daily sensory
experiences
Caregiver questionnaire based on
judgement and observation of
child’s sensory processing
Test of sensory functions in
Infants
4-18 mo
Looks to see if an infant has sensory
processing deficits
Criterion Referenced
DeGangi-Berk Test of
Sensory Integration (TSI)
3-5 yrs
Looks at a child’s postural control,
bilateral motor integration, and reflex
integration
Standardized performance
assessment
Sensory integration practice
test (SIPT)
4 - 9 yrs
Measures visual & touch perception &
discrimination, VM skills, bilateral
integration & sequencing, praxis
Standardized performance
assessment w/ 21 subtests
Sensory processing
measure (SPM)
5 - 12 yrs
Gathers information about a child's
behavior, coordination, and
participation at home, in the
community, and/or at school
Norm Referenced
Toddler-Parent Mealtime
Behavior Questionnaire
Birth - 3 yrs
Assesses feeding interactions
between toddler & parent.
Questionnaire filled out by parent
The Roll Evaluation of
Activities of Life (REAL)
2 - 18 yrs w/ CP
Assess children’s self-care abilities at
home, at school, and in the
community along
with bimanual hand and motor skills
BEARS Algorithm
2 - 18 yrs
Looks at a child’s bedtime issues,
excessive daytime
sleepiness, night awakenings,
regularity & duration of sleep, and
snoring.
Quick screening tool
Pediatric Activity Card Sort
(PACS) with the Daily
Activity Log
5-14 yrs
Helps children identify which activities
they would like to perform and if they
are able
to do it
● Chores
● Hobbies
● Sports
● Personal care
Nonstandardized, self-report
ABILIHAND- Kids
Quesitonnaire
6 - 15 yrs w/ upper
limb impairments
(CP)
Measures a person’s ability to
manage daily activities that require
the use of the upper limbs, whatever
the strategies involved.
Norm referenced questionnaire
&
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Pediatric Quality Life
Inventory (PedQL)
2 - 18 yrs
Measures a person’s quality of life
despite his/her condition.
● Physical functioning
● Emotional functioning,
● Social functioning
● School functioning
Report done by child or caregiver
ADOLESCENT ASSESSMENTS
Assessment
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Adult/Adolescent
Sensory Profile
11 - 65 yrs
Identify personal & behavioral
responses to daily sensory
experiences & develop strategies for
enhanced participation
60-item questionnaire
● Sensory sensitivity
● Sensation avoiding
● Low registration
● Sensory seeking
Adolescent Leisure Interest
Profile
12-21 yrs
Looks at a person’s interest in play,
leisure, and social activities
Self-report questionnaire
Adolescent Role
Assessment
13-17 yrs
Assess the development of
internalized roles within family,
school and social settings
Semi-structured interview to
generate discussion in
areas of family, school performance,
peer
interactions, occupational choice and
work
Performance Assessment of
Self Care Skills (PASS)
13 - 21 yrs
Looks at a client’s ability to perform selfcare tasks: 5 functional mobility, 3
personal
self-care, 14 IADL with cognitive
emphasis, and 4 IADL with a physical
emphasis.
Criterion referenced
Done at home or in a clinic
Participation Scale (P scale)
15+ yrs with
physical disabilities
Assesses restrictions in social
participation related to community
mobility, work, recreation, social
interactions with family, peers,
neighbors
18-item questionnaire addressing 9
domains of
participation
Jacob’s Prevocational
Assessment (JPVA)
Pre-adolescents &
adolescents w/
learning disabilities
assessment of work related areas in 14
major areas
*cognitive perceptual, motor skills, etc.
Complete 15 brief tasks
*money mgmt., filing
Vocational Interest Inventory
High school
students
Measurement of student interest in 8
employment areas
Questionnaire
ADL & IADL ASSESSMENTS
Assessment
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Barthel Index
Adults w/ chronic
illness or disabilities
Measures independent in BADLS and
functional mobility before and after
intervention & the level of personal care
needed by the individual
● Feeding, transferring, personal
grooming, toileting, bowel/bladder
control, bathing, dressing, walking
on level ground, climbing stairs
Direct observation of task performance
Interview
Review of medical records
KATZ index of ADL
Older adults w/
chronic illness
Looks at level of independent function
● Bathing
● Dressing
● Toileting
● Tansferring
● Continence
● Feeding
Observe activity performance or
interviews about performance
Functional Independence
Measure (FIM)
Adults w/ disabilities
Measures independence in ADL & IADL
activities
Observation
Each ADL is scored from 1 - 7
(Wee Fim: children 6 mo-7 yrs)
Assessment of Motor and
Process Skills (AMPS)
2+ years with any dx
that cause functional
limitations in ADL’s
Assess effectiveness, efficiency, or
safety of a person’s ADL task
performance, including PADL,
IADL and some leisure
Interview, observation, and
administration
Requires special training
Arnadottir Occupational
Therapy
Neurobehavioral
Evaluation (A-ONE)
Adults w/ cognitive or
perceptual
(neurobehavioral)
deficits
Document underlying performance
components that have a direct impact on
daily living skills
Detect underlying dysfunction
● Neglect
● Spatial dysfunction
● Body scheme disorder
● Apraxia
Structured observations of BADL and
mobility skills
Cognitive Performance Test
(CPT)
Adults w/ psychiatric
or cognitive
dysfunction
Assess 6 ADL tasks that require
cognitive processing skills based on
Allen’s Cognitive disability model
Do a task, providing demonstration,
reassurance, cueing
Kitchen Task
Assessment (KTA)
Adults w/ senile
dementia
Measurement of the judgement,
planning, & organizational skills used to
perform a simple cooking task
Pre-test of washing hands (baseline
abilities)
Observe pt in making pudding from
mix
Klein-Bell Activities of
Daily Living Scale (K-B
Scale)
6 mo. – elderly w/
any diagnosis
Assessment of independent functioning
in ADLs
● Dressing
● Elimination
● Mobility
● Bathing
● Eating
● Emergency telephone
communication
Observation
Kohlman Evaluation of
Living Skills (KELS)
Adolescents – adults
in acute psychiatric
hospitals
Determination of individual’s knowledge
& performance of 17 basic living skills
needed to live independent in 5 main
areas
● Self-care
● Safety & health,
● Money management
● Community mobility
● Telephone, employment & leisure
participation
Standardized assessment w/
instruction and scoring card
Observation of pt performing task
Milwaukee Evaluation of
Daily Living Skills (MEDLS)
18+ yrs, w/ chronic
illness and have
resided
for at least 6 mo in
psychiatric hospital,
halfway house, SNF,
group home or 2 yrs
at an outpatient day
tx program
Assessment of actual or
simulated performance of BADLs
needed to function in individual’s
expected environment
Screening form w/ standardized
instructions and time limit for task
Routine Task Inventory
Adults & elders w/
cognitive
impairments
Measurement of an individual’s
level of impairment in ADL’s and IADL’s
according to Allen’s model
Observation, self-report or caregiver
report
Scoreable Self-Care
Evaluation
Adolescents or
adults w/ psychiatric
illness
Measurement of functional
performance and identification
of difficulties in 18 basic living
tasks in 4 main areas:
● Personal care,
● Housekeeping chores
● Work/leisure,
● Financial mgmt.
Motivational Questionnaire
Evaluator then administered each task
Test of Grocery Shopping
Skills (TOGSS)
Mental illness,
cognitive impairment
2/2 TBI, CVA, ID,
PDD, dementia, etc
Assesses ability to grocery shop in
natural environment.
Pt is given grocery list of 10 items and
asked to locate items by lowest price
Measures accuracy, time &
redundancy thru observation.
Self-report
Sexual Expression/Activity
Eval
Adults
*ID potential obstacles for attainment &
maintenance of safe, satisfying sexual
expression/activity
Typically not included in ADL eval
unless specified by pt
Executive Function
Performance Test (EFPT)
13+ yrs w/ CVA or
MS
Assess executive function deficits
Ex. Cooking oatmeal, making a phone
call, managing medications, paying a bill
Structured cueing/scoring system to
assess initiation, organization, safety
and task completion
Multiple Errands TestRevised (MET-R)
Pts w/ an ABI or CVA
Evaluates the effect of executive
function deficits on everyday functioning
through 6 real-world tasks
Nonstandaradized
Performance-based, observation
BALANCE/GAIT ASSESSMENTS
Assessment
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Get Up and Go
Anyone at risk for
falls
Measures balance when getting up from
chair
Screening tool
Timed Up and Go
Elderly, CVA, TBI,
vestibular
disorders, CP, MS,
Parkinson’s,
arthritis
Test risk factor for falls, balance, and
walking ability
Get up and walk 3 meters & back to chair
Standardized, norm referenced
Score is how much time it took pt. to
complete (14 s = fall risk)
Tinetti PerformanceOriented Mobility
Assessment (POMA)
Adults w/ gait
impairments
Measures gait and balance during ADL’s
to determine mobility status and changes
over time.
Measured on a 3-point ordinal scale w/
28 task-oriented items
Functional Reach Test
18+ years old w/
vestibular issues
and are a fall risk
With a yardstick, measure how far the pt
can reach forward
Screening performance tool
CTSIB
Children or adults
Allows for assessment of how
well a pt. can integrate difference
senses with balance and
compensate for loss of senses
4 conditions: eyes open, eyes closed,
both on firm and foam surfaces for 30
seconds
Use balance machine w/ computer
program that calculates score
w/ impaired
balance due to ↓
sensory system
Dynamic Gait Index
Elderly at risk for
falls
Developed to assess likelihood of
falls in older adults.
Pt walk at normal pace then
examiner states “go” for faster and “slow”
for slower
Graded on a 4-point ordinal scale.
Balance, Evaluation,
Systems Test (BESTest)
65+ yrs w/ balance
deficits
Assesses fall risk and balance during:
Biomechanical constraints, Stability
Limits, Transitions/Anticipatory, Reactive,
Sensory Orientation, and Gait Stability
Observation and score patient
36 items
Berg Balance Scale
Adults at risk for
falls & balance
impairments
Measures static balance, dynamic
balance, & fall risk in clinical setting.
14-item scale rated on a 5-point ordinal
scale
Community Balance and
Mobility Scale
Adults who are
high functioning &
mobile, but at risk
for falls
Pt will walk up and down stairs w/
laundry basket
Screening tool
Four Step Square Test
18+ yrs w/ CVA,
vestibular issues,
Parkinson’s, & limb
loss
Assesses client's ability to step over low
obstacle and change directions for fall
risk.
Screening tool
St. Thomas STRATIFY
Adults at risk for
falls
Identify risk factors for falls in
hospitalized patients.
Questionnaire tool
Proxy report or via interview
Trunk Control Test
Older adults v/
CVA.
Assesses bed mobility & trunk movement
Nonstandardized
Activities-Specific Balance
Confidence Scale (ABCScale)
18+ yrs w/ MS,
TBI, CVA,
vestibular issues,
Parkinson’s
Subjective measure of confidence in
performing various ambulatory activities
w/out falling or LOB
Self-administered or administered via
personal or telephone interview
COGNITON ASSESSMENTS
Assessment
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Allen cognitive level screen
(ACLS)
Adults w/ cognitive
or psychiatric
disorders
Assess the cognitive level of the
Individual by performance of several
leather lacing stiches following
instruction and/or demonstration
Standardized screening tool based on
the Allen Cognitive Disabilities Model
Mini-Mental State Exam
Adults w/ dementia
or at risk for
dementia
Measures cognitive function
(orientation, memory, attention, multistep directions, etc.)
Quick screening tool
MoCA
Older adults at risk
of a cognitive
impairment.
Detects mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
in clients
Quick screeening tool
Nonstandardized
Pt and OT fill out a worksheet
Short Portable Mental Status
Questionnaire
Adults w/ cognitive
or psychiatric
disorders
Brief way to assess pt’s orientation,
memory, and calculation
Short screening questionnaire
Cognistat Neurobehavioral
Cognitive Status
Examination
Older adults
Explores, quantifies and describes
performance in central areas of brainbehavior relations
● Language,
● Spatial skills
● Memory
● Calculation
● Reasoning
Screening tool
Can be done when pt changes
medication
Lowenstein
Occupational Therapy
Cognitive Assessments
(LOTCA)
Experienced a
stroke, TBI
or tumor
Measures basic cognitive function that
are prereqs for managing everyday
tasks in 5 areas
● Orientation
● Visual
● Spatial perception
● Vsual motor organization
● Thinking operations
Standardized screening tool
20 subtests
Rivermead Behavioral
Memory Test
Persons w/
memory
dysfunction
Monitors memory skills through rehab
program
Initial eval of memory function
11 categories w/ 9 subtests
Saint Louis University
Mental Status Exam
(SLUMS)
Adults at risk of
dementia
Used to identify persons who have
dementia or Mild Neurocognitive
Impairment.
Nonstandardized
30-point assessment.
Test of Everyday Attention
(TEA)
18+ yrs old w/
brain injury, CVA,
dementia, psych
illness
Identify attention-related problems in
daily task performance
Performance-based test
(TEA-Ch for children)
Contextual Memory Test
(CMT)
Adults w/ cognitive
issues
Assesses awareness of memory
capacity, strategy use, and recall. Used
to screen for memory impairment and to
monitor changes in status.
Standardized
Cognitive Assessment of
Minnesota (CAM)
Adult with neuro
injury
(level IV and
↑ on the RLA)
Assesses cognitive skills from simple to
compllex
● Fund of knowledge,
● Manipulation of old knowledge
● Social awareness
● Judgment, and abstract thinking
Standardized
Identify general problem areas, guide
treatment, measure change, and
indicate
areas for more in-depth investigation
Toglia Category Assessment
(TCA)
18-86 yrs w/ a
brain injury, CVA,
or schizophrenia
Assess deductive reasoning.
Establish categories and switch
between conceptual sets.
Uses standardized questions
Clinical Dementia Rating
Older adults at risk
for demntia
Based on domains of cognition and
functional performance, including
5-point scale categorizes levels of
dementia. Scale ranges from normal
memory, orientation, judgment and
problem solving, community affairs,
home and hobbies, and personal care.
cognition to severe dementia.
Cognitive Linguistic Quick
Test
Adults with
neurological
impairment
5 cognitive domains (attention, memory,
executive functions, language, and
visuospatial skills).
It includes a clock drawing test.
assessment battery
Neurobehavioral Cognitive
Status Examination
Adults w/
neuorcognitive
impairments
Assesses the domains of
consciousness, orientation, attention
span, language, constructional ability,
memory, calculation, and reasoning and
judgment
Brief screening tool
Available in paper- and computer-based
formats
Short Blessed Test
Older adults w/ or
at risk for dementia
Identify cognitive function related to
dementia. The test assesses the
domains of memory, orientation, and
concentration
Brief 6-item assessment
Measures cognitive flexibility, motor
control, perceptual complexity, visual
scanning, and executive function
Paper-and-pencil assessment
Trail Making Test, Parts A
and B
NEURO ASSESSMENTS
Assessments
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Glasgow Coma Scale
Acute TBI
Determines severity of TBI and predict
outcome
● Motor
● Verbal
● Eye Opening
Traditional assessment typically done
by clinicians
Ranchos Los Amigos Scale
(RLA)
TBI
Determines gross cognitive functioning
Indicates behavior & progression of
function throughout the pt’s treatment
Standardized
Measured on a scale from 1 - 10
JFK Coma Recovery Scale
TBI, CVA, brain
tumor
Assesses a pt’s consciousness and may
be used to differentiate between
vegetative state & minimally conscious
state
● Auditory
● Visual
● Movement
● Oral Movement
● Communication
● Arousal
Standardized
23 items w/ 6 subscales
RLA levels I - IV
Galveston Orientation and
Amnesia Test (GOAT)
15+ yrs old w/ TBI
Evaluates Orientation & Memory prior to
and post injury
Administrator asks questions at pt’s
bedside
ASIA Impairment Scale
SCI
Classifies the severity of an SCI
Used to predict neurological recovery
Physical examination
Behavioral Inattention
Test
Adults w/
unilateral neglect
(CVA)
Examines presences of neglect & impact
on functional task performance
9 activity-based subtests
6 pen/paper subtests
Catherine Bergego Scale
Adults w/
unilateral neglect
Detect presence/degree of unilateral
neglect
Self-awareness of behavioral neglect
Observation of 10 items related to
neglect in everyday life
Motor Assessment Scale
(MAS)
CVA
Measures the motor recovery of stroke
victims using functional tasks.
Standardized
Performance-based assessment
Modified Ashworth Scale
6+ yrs old w/ CNS
lesions
Measures abnormality in tone or the
resistance to passive movements
Ordinal scale that ranges from 0 (no
increase in tone) to 5 (rigid).
Fugl Meyer Assessment of
Motor Recovery
Post-CVA
hemiplegic pt’s
Measures arm & hand motor impairment
in 5 domains:
● Motor function
● Sensory function
● Balance
● Joint range
● Joint pain
Each subtest scored on a 3-point scale
Often combined w/ Brunnstrom’s
Measures recovery of the arm and hand
post-CVA
Functional assessment w/ 13 items
Different versions availiable depending
on the items assessed (ex- CAHAI-7
assesses the first 7 items)
Scored on a 7-point quantitative scale,
similar to the FIM
Chedoke Arm and Hand
Activity Inventory (CAHAI)
Stages of Recovery to mark pt at a
certain stage (1 = flaccid → 7 = normal)
MENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENTS
Assessment
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI-II)
Adolescents &
adults w/
depression
Measurement of the presence
and depth of depression
(mood, pessimism, failure, social
withdrawal, etc.)
Interview or questionnaire – rate
feelings relative to 21 characteristics
associate with depression
Scored 0-3 w/3 most severe
Elder Depression Scale
Older adults w/
depression
Somatic concerns, affect, cognitive
impairment, feelings of
discrimination, impaired motivation,
lack of future orientation, lack of
self-esteem
30-list checklist looking at presence of
characteristics associated with
depression
Hamilton Depression
Rating Scale
Dx of mood
disorder
Measures severity of illness &
changes over time in ppl diagnosed
with a
depressive illness
Interview/consultation with family
Rate info obtained to 17 symptoms or
characteristics
Empowerment Scale
Adults w/
mental health
impairments
Measures central component of
recovery, including:
Self-esteem, power, activities,
control and anger
Rating scale from 1 (strongly agree) to
4 (strongly disagree)
Bay Area Functional
Performance Evaluation
(BAFPE)
Adults w/
psychiatric,
neurological, or
developmental
dx
Assesses cog, affective,
performance + social interaction
skills required for ADL
Interview prior to assessment
*TOA and SIS are not combined for a
total BAFPE score → used as overall
functional performance
Task Oriented
Assessment (TOA)
Measures skills thru tasks
(sorting shells, bank deposit slip,
house floor plan, block design,
draw-a-person)
Observation and rating of performance
Social Interaction Scale
(SIS)
Assess general ability to relate
appropriately to other people
within the environment
(1:1, meal time, unstructured group,
structured activity group, structured
verbal group)
Observations of individual in 5
situations
Comprehensive
Occupational Therapy
Evaluation Scale (COTE
Scale)
Adults w/ acute
psychiatric dx
Structured method for observing
and rating behaviors and behavioral
changes in the areas of general,
interpersonal, and task skills
Behavior is observed and rated during
session doing a task selected by
therapist
House-Tree-Person
Draw-A-Person Kinetic
Family Drawings
Children &
adults
Assesses a person’s drawing
Used by diverse professionals
Magazine Picture
Collage
Children,
adolescents,
survivors of
traumatic
events
Pt is given craft supplies and asked
to make a collage
Observation of FM skills, attention
span, organization, etc
Goal Attainment Scaling
(GAS)
Older children,
adolescents,
adults &
caregivers of
younger
children and/or
Facilitates active participation in the
goal setting process
Personal interview having the individual
and/or caregiver identify desired
intervention outcomes that are
personally relevant to them
adults who are
unable to
participate
Occupational
Circumstances
Assessment Interview
Rating Scale (OCAIRS)
Adults & older
adults with
psychiatric dx
Nature and extent of occupational
adaptation; based on MOHO →
personal causation, self-perception
of past experiences, social
Interview format → then scored 1-4
3 versions specific to: physical
disabilities, mental health, forensic
mental health
environment, physical environment,
values, interests, roles, habits,
skills, readiness for change.
Occupational
Performance History
Interview-II (OPHI-II)
Adolescents &
adults
Gathers info from life history,
occupational performance, &
impact of disability, illness, or other
traumatic event in persons’ life
Comprehensive interview
LEISURE ASSESSMENTS
Assessment
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Activity Card Sort (ACS)
Adults through
elders w/ dementia
Plevel & involvement with IADL, leisure &
social activities
Person looks at cards w/ someone
completing activity and they rate how
involved they are (never done, gave
up, do less than in the past, do the
same, do more)
Activity Index
65+ yrs old
Determination of individual’s perception of
the meaning of leisure and extent the
individual participates in leisure activities
Questionnaire w/ 23 activities
Activities Health Assessment
Older adults w/
dementia
Time usage, patterns & configurations of
activities, roles and underlying skills and
habits
Schedule, questions, & interview
Canadian Occupational
Performance Measure
(COPM)
7+ yrs old
Identifies individual’s perception of
satisfaction w/ performance and changes
over time in areas of self-care,
productivity, and leisure
Semi-structured interview w/ rating
scale of problem areas
Interest checklist
Adolescents –
elderly
Assessment of person’s level of interest in
80 leisure activities, additional leisure
interests and perspective on how leisure
interests and involvement has evolved
over time
80 item checklist – check level of
interest in each activity
Interview
Leisure Diagnostic Battery
(LDB)
Adults
Measurement of individuals leisure
experience and motivational and
situational issues that influence leisure
Questionnaire
Adapted scales = 9 – 14 yrs w/ no
cognitive deficits or mental retardation
Leisure Satisfaction
Questionnaire
Adults – elderly
Measurement of individual’s perception
that leisure pursuits are meeting personal
needs in 6 needs categories
Questionnaire and respond on 5-point
scale
Meaningfulness of Activity
Scale
Adults – elderly
Measurement of level of enjoyment,
motivational source, perception of
competence and participation in leisure
Questionnaire and mark responses on
rating scale
Minnesota Leisure Time
Physical Activity
Questionnaire
Adults
Measurement of energy expended by a
person during engagement in leisure
activities
Interview using list of 63 physical
activities
Occupational SelfAssessment
18+ yrs
Assesses a person’s occupational
performance & their importance
2-part self-report checklist of 21
everyday activities
Measures the person’s level of function
using objective-based questions and life
satisfaction
Uses subjective-based questions
Quality of Life Interview
DRIVING ASSESSMENTS
Assessment
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Assessment of Driving
Related Skills
Adults & older
adults
Looks at:
● Vision: Visual acuity testing
(Snellen), Confrontation testing
● Cognition-Perception: Trail making
test B, Clock Drawing test
● Motor Functions: Rapid walking
(e.g., TUG), ROM and MMT
Uses different screening & assessment
tools under the 3 domains
Driving Health Inventory
Assesses the domains of vision,
cognition, and motor function as they
pertain to increased crash risk
Computer-based assessment battery
Occupational therapy driver
off-road assessment
Find pts’ strengths & weaknesses and
pinpoint areas on which to focus during
rehabilitation without going on road
Battery of assessments
Simulator Sickness
Questionnaire
Adults & older
adults at risk of car
sickness
Measures symptoms of simulator
sickness. Awareness of symptoms can
help with implementation of mitigation
strategies.
Questionnaire
Driving Habits Questionnaire
Older Adults
Captures info about avoidance
behaviors that are often identified as
compensatory strategies
Questionnaire
SAFER Driving: The
Enhanced Driving Decisions
Workbook
Adults w/ a variety
of medical
conditions
Helps pts look at their driving
knowledge and skill in relation to their
health conditions and medications.
Self-assessment
Workbook
Fitness-to-Drive Screening
Measure
Older Adults
Enables OT’s and family members,
caregivers, and significant others of
older drivers to screen at-risk older
drivers
54 item measure
Useful Field of View
Adults w/ visualcognitive
impairments
Assesses
● Central vision loss and cognitive
processing speed
● Divided attention
● Selective attention.
3-part computer-based cognitive
assessment
Categorized according to a 5-point rating
scale ranging from very low crash risk to
very high crash risk.
Cognitive Behavioral Driver’s
Inventory
TBI
Assess cognitive and behavioral skills
required for driving.
Computer-based neurocognitive battery
Determine driver competence consists
of two parts:
● Computer-based DriveABLE
Cognitive Assessment Tool
● DriveABLE On Road Evaluation
Standardized
Person solves a series of mazes
Correlated with on-road driving
performance.
Paper-and-pencil tracing activity
Not timed
DriveABLE
Porteus Maze Test
3+ yrs old
(16+ to assess for
driving purposes)
Assessment of rules of the
road and sign recognition
Brake reaction timer
Assesses the areas of symbolic
recognition, reasoning, and judgment
pertaining to driving rules and statutes.
Adults w/ motor
impairments
Measures the time required to move
the foot from the accelerator to the
brake in response to a stimulus such
as a red light.
Options are available to expand to
complex or choice reaction times in
responding to multiple stimuli requiring
choice of response.
VISUAL ASSESSMENTS
Assessments
Age/Population
Purpose
Methods
Clock Drawing Test
18+ years old with
CVA, spatial deficits,
and/or cognitive
issues.
Assesses visuospatial and praxis
abilities by drawing a clock
Nonstandardized screening tool
Take off points for missing numbers or
visual neglect
Ishihara Color Test
With or at risk of
colorblindness
Measure of color perception tests for
red or green color deficiencies
Pelli-Robson Contrast
Sensitivity Test
Measures how well a person can
discern objects with fuzzy, poorly
defined edges or low-contrast objects
that may be only slightly brighter or
darker than their surroundings
Nonstandardized
Uses a chart
Optec Functional Visual
Analyzer
Assesses a variety of visual skills by
providing a series of illuminated slides
addressing areas such as depth
perception, acuity, contrast sensitivity,
phorias, glare recovery, and color
perception and recognition.
Performance-based test
Letter–number cancellation
(Cancellation H) tests
Test visual scanning and selective
attention as pt scans a group of letters
and has to select and draw a line
through the targeted letter (H).
Observation, performance-based
Spatial relationships, visual
discrimination, figure grouond, visual
closure, & visual memory
Quick standardized assessment
Ages 4 – 10 years: Items 1- 40
10+ years: Items 14 – 65
Assesses neurocognitive function
underlying many substitution tasks,
including attention, visual scanning, &
motor speed.
Timed test in which clients are asked to
match numbers to a series of symbols
according to a reference key using
paper and pencil.
Measures clearness of vision from far
away
Nonstandardized screening tool
Motor-Free Visual Perception
Test (MVPT-3)
4 - 95 yrs
Visual field cuts or
w/out visual
impairments
Brain injuries
Symbol Digit Modalities
Snellen Chart
Children & adults at
risk or have issues
w/ visual acuity
Assesses the impact of a person’s
visual impairment on ADLs and IADLs
Melbourne Low Vision ADL
Index
Confrontation testing
Children or adults w/
peripheral visual
field loss
Provides a gross measurement of
visual fields.
“The client fixes on a central target and
acknowledges the appearance of
stimuli” in the visual fields
Performance-based
Amsler Grid
Pts w/ macular
degeneration (AMD)
or central visual field
loss
Maitenance tool that monitors visual
changes of each eye based on how the
pt sees the grid.
Visual performance-based
If the pt reports sudden onset of vision
changes, they should be instructed to
contact the physician immediately as it
could be indication of wet AMD
Occupational Therapy Adult
Perceptual Screening Test
16-97 yrs old w/
CVA
Pt completes a series of visual
perceptual tasks including agnosia,
body scheme, unilateral neglect,
apraxia, acalculia, constructional skills,
and functional tasks
Standardized screening measure
25 items in 7 subtest areas
WORK ASSESSMENTS
Assessment
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Work tolerance screening
Employed adults
Assess pt’s physical and cognitive
abilities to meet the general or specific
demands of the essential job functions.
Done after the client has received an
offer of employment, and the client is
hired for the position only after passing
the screening.
If the client does not pass, he/she is
evaluated for a disability, and the
employer then determines whether
reasonable accommodations will allow
the client to carry out the job duties
Valpar Component Work
Sample (VCWS)
Adults with and
without disabilities
Assessment of group skills that
are required for specific employment
tasks and basic functional capabilities
Completion of up to 23 work samples
Vocational Interest,
Temperament and
Aptitude System (VITAS)
14+ years & adults
Assessment of vocational interests,
temperament and aptitudes to assist
with career guidance and vocational
placement
Completion of 22 work samples and
vocational interest interview
Worker Role Interview (WRI)
Adults in work
hardening program
Determination of psychosocial and
environmental factor related to an
person’s past work experience job
setting and ability to return to work
Structured interview
Testing, Orientation and
Work Evaluation in
Rehabilitation (TOWER)
Adults with physical
and/or psychiatric
disorders
Assessment of individuals ability to
complete specific work samples
Focuses on 14 job training areas
(clerical, assembly and manufacturing
jobs are main focus)
Pre-assembled work samples to
complete appropriate to individual’s
interest
Performance of real or simulated work
tasks based on person’s interests
Performance-based assessment
Smith Physical Capacity
Evaluation
EPIC Functional Evaluation
System
Adults
Determination of individual’s
capacity for lifting, carrying, climbing,
industrial pulling and pushing, balance
while walking, motor coordination,
standing, whole body ROM and
finger/hand dexterity
6 modules
Functional capacity eval
(FCE)
Adults looking to
return to work
Evaluates pt’s capabilities in relation to
Review of medical and work records
Work capacity eval using real or
simulated work tasks
Physical exam
Job site analysis
one of of several dimensions → physical
demands, critical demands of specific
job, critical demands of occupational
group, demands of competitive
employment
McCarron-Dial System (MDS
16+ with
neurophysiological
or neuropsych
impairment
Assessment of prevocational,
vocational, & educational abilities of
those w/ disabilities or socio cultural
disadvantages
Should be done by clinicians w/ several
years experience
Standardized
Contains multiple different sections
MOTOR & COORDINATION ASSESSMENTS
Assessment
Age/Population
Purpose
Method
Purdue Pegboard
Test of fingertip dexterity and assembly job
simulation
● 30 second test (R hand, L hand, both
hands)
● 1-minute test – assembly
Performance-based observation
O’Conner Tweezer Test
Hand eye coordination using tweezers
Number of seconds to place all pins in
board using tweezers
Minnesota Manual Dexterity
Gross hand and arm movement → placing
(unilateral) + turning (b/l)
Placing test – rate of hand movement
Turning test – rate of finger
manipulation
Motor dexterity using tweezers & screw
driver
Scoring = time completed to finish
assessment
Assesses hand function using simulated
ADL’s
● Writing, simulated page turning, picking
up common objects, simulated feeding,
stacking, picking up large light object,
picking up large
Short, objective test
Standardized
9 Hole Peg Test
Measures finger dexterity
Observation, performance-based test
Box & Block Test of Manual
Dexterity
Assesses unilateral gross manual dexterity
Observation, performance-based test
Functional Dexterity Test
Measures manual dexterity skills (3 jaw
chuck) for functional fine motor coordination
task performance
Moberg Pickup Test
Sensibility of hand and finger in median
nerve distribution.
Place 10 items into the container as fast as
possible. One hand holds container, other
hand picks up items
Completed sighted and blindfolded
Crawford Small Parts
Dexterity Test
Jebsen Hand Function Test
Adults w/
neurological or
musculoskeletal
conditions
involving hand
dysfunction
Arthritis Hand Function Test
(AHFT)
Adults w/ arthritis
Measures hand strength and dexterity
Used to measure progress in treatment or
pre-post operative performance – outcome
measure
Performance based test
(buttoning/unbuttoning,
fastening/unfastening, lacing and
tying, cutting, lifting, pouring)
Action Response Arm Test
Pts w/ brain
injury, MS, CVA
Assesses changes in limb function (from
hemiplegia)
Assesses ability to handle objects differing
in size, weight, and shape
Observation, performance-based test
Wolf Motor Function Test
(WMFT)
Pt’s w/ TBI, CVA
Quantifies upper extremity (UE) motor ability
through timed and functional tasks
Items are rated on a 6-point scale
Disabilities of the Arm,
Shoulder and Hand (DASH)
Pts w/ UE
musculoskeletal
disorders
Measures disability and symptoms of the
arm and hand injury/disorder
Self-report questionnaire