Project Report Of “Power Generations” Topic: “Pelton Wheel Turbine” Submitted By: Amir hamza Khan (004) Muhammad awais (005) Mohammad Hamza (036) Submitted To: Mr. Ijaz Husnain & Mr. Rizwan Ullah Due Date: Jan 16, 2020 Contents “Pelton wheel turbine” ..........................................................................................................................................2 PELTON WHEEL TURBINE ................................................................................................................................2 PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS OF PELTON WHEEL TURBINE ......................................................2 Pen stock ...............................................................................................................................................................2 Spear .......................................................................................................................................................................2 Nozzle .....................................................................................................................................................................3 Runner and Buckets .........................................................................................................................................3 Brake nozzle ........................................................................................................................................................3 Casing .....................................................................................................................................................................3 DIFFERENT EFFICIENCIES...............................................................................................................................4 Hydraulic Efficiency .........................................................................................................................................4 Mechanical efficiency .......................................................................................................................................4 Volumetric efficiency.......................................................................................................................................4 Overall efficiency ...............................................................................................................................................4 ADVANTAGES OF PELTON TURBINE ..........................................................................................................4 DISADVANTAGES OF PELTON TURBINE...................................................................................................4 WORKING OF PELTON TURBINE ...................................................................................................................5 PELTON TURBINE HYDROELECTRIC SETUP ...........................................................................................5 APPLICATIONS OF PELTON WHEEL TURBINE ........................................................................................6 Page 1 of 6 “Pelton Wheel Turbine” PELTON WHEEL TURBINE Pelton turbine or Pelton wheel turbine is essentially an Impulse turbine. This turbine is appropriate for high head and low stream plants. Pelton turbine is utilized in hydroelectric force plant. Pelton wheel turbine is utilized when water head is in excess of 200 meters. As indicated by the turbines get by and large, two sorts of Pelton turbine are utilized in hydroelectric force plant. At the point when a solitary fly is utilized even shaft type Pelton turbine is utilized and vertical shaft type Pelton turbine is appropriate for 2 or 4 planes. The vast majority of the Pelton turbines are flat shaft type. Even shaft type water turbine have two spouts however multiple spouts, vertical shaft type water turbine is utilized. PARTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS OF PELTON WHEEL TURBINE Pen stock Pen stock is a strong funnel which take water from the dam( structure which store water on its one side) and take it to the turbine at fast. Spear A spear is given in the pen stock and its primary capacity is to increment and diminishing the speed of water going into the turbine. In the event that more water is required lance move back and enable more to go into the turbine and if less water is required lance pushes ahead to spot abundance water from entering in to the turbine. Page 2 of 6 Nozzle Nozzle is given at end of pen stock and its principle work is to build the speed of the water and to guide it to the basins of the turbine Runner and Buckets Runner is a substantial round circle on which containers are appended. Containers take the effect of water and begin to turn along the sprinter. Runner is additionally connected to the pole. Brake nozzle At the point when turbine is should be halted then water is tossed at the rear of the containers from another nozzle called brake nozzle. Casing The entire arrangement of the turbine is encased in a structure called the casing of the turbine. Page 3 of 6 DIFFERENT EFFICIENCIES Hydraulic Efficiency The entire arrangement of the turbine is encased in a structure called the packaging of the turbine. Mechanical efficiency It is the proportion of the force accessible at turbine shaft to the force accessible at turbine runner. Volumetric efficiency It is the proportion of volume of water really striking the sprinter to the all out water provided by the fly to the turbine. Overall efficiency It is the proportion of the force accessible at the turbine shaft to the force accessible from the jet. ADVANTAGES OF PELTON TURBINE Most efficient of all turbines High overall efficiency Easy assembly Operate at low discharge Flat efficiency curve Can be operation in silted water DISADVANTAGES OF PELTON TURBINE Decrease in efficiency with time Components have large size Variation in the operating head is very difficult to control The operating head cannot be utilized even when the variation in the tail water level is relatively large when compared to total head Page 4 of 6 WORKING OF PELTON TURBINE The fast water jets rising up out of the spouts strike the containers at splitters, put at the center of a pail, from where planes are isolated into two equivalent streams. These stream along the internal bend of the container and leave it toward the path inverse to that of approaching plane. The rapid water planes running the Pelton Wheel Turbine are acquired by growing the high weight water through spouts to the barometrical weight. The high weight water can be acquired from any water body arranged at some stature or floods of water streaming down the slopes. The adjustment in force (heading just as speed) of water stream creates a motivation on the cutting edges of the wheel of Pelton Turbine. This drive produces the torque and revolution in the pole of Pelton Turbine. To acquire the ideal yield from the Pelton Turbine the motivation got by the cutting edges ought to be most extreme. For that, adjustment in force of the water stream should be greatest conceivable. That is gotten when the water stream is avoided toward the path inverse to which it hits the cans and with a similar speed comparative with the pails. PELTON TURBINE HYDROELECTRIC SETUP A typical setup of a system generating electricity by using Pelton Turbine will have a water reservoir situated at a height from the Pelton Wheel. The water from the reservoir flows through a pressure channel to the penstock head and then through the penstock or the supply pipeline to the nozzles, from where the water comes out as high speed jets striking the blades of the Pelton Turbine. The penstock head is fitted with a surge tank which absorbs and dissipates sudden fluctuations in pressure. Page 5 of 6 For a constant water flow rate from the nozzles the speed of turbine changes with changing loads on it. For quality hydroelectricity generation the turbine should rotate at a constant speed. To keep the speed constant despite the changing loads on the turbine water flow rate through the nozzles is changed. To control the gradual changes in load servo controlled spear valves are used in the jets to change the flow rate. And for sudden reduction in load the jets are deflected using deflector plates so that some of the water from the jets do not strike the blades. This prevents over speeding of the turbine. APPLICATIONS OF PELTON WHEEL TURBINE Pelton turbine is used in the hydroelectric power plant where the water available at high head i.e. 150 m to 2000 m or even more. In hydroelectric power plant it is used to drive the generator attached to it and the generator generates the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy. Pelton turbines are also suited for serni-perrnanent application. During construction works, on seasonal business, such as cheese factories, mountain lodges or others, transportable units can provide electrical power. They can be removed again when they are no longer needed. Due to its pollution-free operation the Pelton turbines can be installed in drinking water supply schemes. A further application of direct drive is to connect a water pump to the turbine. If water is required at a location above the intake, this is a simple and efficient way to pump the water up. The part of the water which has to be pumped up is branched off from the penstock to the suction side of the pump before the turbine. In this manner the head at the intake to the turbine can be utilized and only the difference in height from the intake to the consumer and the friction losses have to be produced. Page 6 of 6
