1. Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-raisng practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a(n) ________ psychologist.
a. cognitive
b. developmental
c. biological
d. psychodynamic
2. An organism's complete set of genetic instructions is called the:
a. placenta.
b. embryo.
c. fetus.
d. genome.
3. Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the:
a. embryo.
b. telomeres.
c. teratogens.
d. placenta.
4. When touched on the cheek, infants reflexively:
a. retract their arms.
b. open their mouths.
c. close their eyes.
d. cry.
5. Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of:

a. egocentrism.
b. temperament.
c. role confusion.
d. object permanence.
6. The idea of schemas is important to:
a. Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
b. Piaget's cognitive development theory.
c. Harlow's attachment theory.
d. Kohlberg's moral development theory.
7. Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is turned upside down. The child apparently lacks a:
a. sense of object permanence.
b. concept of conservation.
c. capacity for assimilation.
d. secure attachment.
8. When a child realizes that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false, the child has developed:
a. object permanence.
b. egocentrism.
c. a theory of mind.
d. stranger anxiety.
9. Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side. Adam is displaying signs of
a. secure attachment.
b. object permanence.

c. egocentrism.
d. conservation.
10. "I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is typical of a(n) ________ parenting style.
a. preconventional
b. authoritative
c. formal operational
d. authoritarian
11. Obie believes that violating government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.
a. conventional
b. unconventional
c. preconventional
d. postconventional
12. Songy acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Songy is experiencing
a. egocentrism.
b. insecure attachment.
c. role confusion.
d. infantile amnesia.
13. The preferred age for retirement is quite different in Mexico than in
Western Europe. This best illustrates that ________ differs from culture to culture.
a. the maturational cycle
b. the formal operational stage
c. terminal decline

d. the social clock
14. According to Erikson, older people can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of
a. identity.
b. integrity.
c. initiative.
d. intimacy.
15. Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of
a. continuity and stages.
b. stability and change.
c. concrete and formal operations.
d. nature and nurture.