1. Fick’s law
2. Newton’s law of cooling
3. Grey surface radiation
𝜎 = 5.67 × 10*+ 𝑊/𝑚0 ∙ 𝐾 3
4. 1-D thermal resistance of the rectangular and radial systems
Rectangular System
Radial System
𝑅 (K/W)
𝑅" (m2×K/W)
𝑅 (K/W)
𝑅′ (m×K/W)
Conduction
𝐿
𝑘𝐴
𝐿
𝑘
Convection
1
ℎ𝐴
1
ℎ
ln (𝑟0 /𝑟> )
2𝜋𝑘𝐿
1
ℎ2𝜋𝑟0 𝐿
ln (𝑟0 /𝑟> )
2𝜋𝑘
1
ℎ2𝜋𝑟0
1
ℎC 2𝜋𝑟0 𝐿
1
ℎC 2𝜋𝑟0
1
1
ℎC 𝐴
ℎC
0 )(
where ℎC = 𝜀𝜎 (𝑇F0 + 𝑇FHC
𝑇F + 𝑇FHC ), 𝑟0 > 𝑟>
Radiation
5. Fins and system of fins
1
2
3
6. External flows
Critical Reynolds number for parallel flow over a flat plate: Rec=500,000
4
5
7. Reynolds number in internal flows
6
8. Laminar entry length: hydraulic and thermal
9. Flow heat capacity
10. Energy balance in internal flows
11. Fully developed circular pipes (laminar flows)
7
12. Entry region in circular pipes (laminar flows)
8
13. Table 8.4
14. Turbulent flow in circular pipes
9
15. Laminar flows in double pipes
10
16. Overall heat transfer rate in HXs
17. HX Analysis (LMTD Method)
Parallel flows
Counter flows
18. HX Analysis (𝜀-NTU Method)
11
12
13
Appendix Table Convention
14
15
16
17
18
19
20