AL ITTIHAD SCHOOL WORK SHEET 1 SOUND WAVES GRADE 10 ADV SUBJECT: PHYSICS Name:________________________________________________________________ ____ Date:_ _____________ SOUND WAVES Sound is a pressure variation transmitted through matter as a longitudinal wave. Sound waves move through air because a vibrating source produces regular variations, or oscillations, in air pressure. The air particles collide, transmitting the pressure variations away from the source of the sound. Because, the motion of the particles in air is parallel to the direction of the wave’s motion, sound is a longitudinal wave. A sound wave has frequency, wavelength, speed, and amplitude. Sound waves reflect and interfere. the frequency and wavelength of a wave are related to the speed of the wave by the equation λ=v/f Compiled by Vinod Kumar |1 AL ITTIHAD SCHOOL WORK SHEET 1 SOUND WAVES GRADE 10 ADV SUBJECT: PHYSICS TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF SPEED OF SOUND WAVES The speed of sound in air depends on the temperature. The speed of sound in air at room temperature (20°C) is 343 m/s. The speed increases roughly 0.6 m/s with each 1°C increase in temperature. Speed (v) of sound (m/s) = 343 + 0.60 ΔT(°C) Here 343 m/s is the speed of sound at room temperature, ΔT is the change in temperature from room temperature. MEDIUM DEPENDENCE OF SPEED OF SOUND WAVES Sound also travels through solids and liquids. In general, the speed of sound is greater in solids and liquids than in gases. HUMAN EAR- DETECTION OF PRESSURE WAVES Sound detectors convert the energy carried by a sound wave into another form of energy. The human ear is a highly efficient and sensitive detector of sound waves. Sound waves entering the auditory canal cause vibrations of the tympanic membrane. Three tiny bones then transfer these vibrations to fluid in the cochlea. Tiny hairs lining the spiral-shaped cochlea detect certain frequencies in the vibrating fluid. These hairs stimulate nerve cells, which Compiled by Vinod Kumar |2 AL ITTIHAD SCHOOL WORK SHEET 1 SOUND WAVES GRADE 10 ADV SUBJECT: PHYSICS send impulses to the brain and produce the sensation of sound. Perceiving Sound Loudness: The amplitude of a sound wave determines its loudness or volume. A larger amplitude means a louder sound, and a smaller amplitude means a softer sound. More energetic vibration corresponds to larger amplitude. Loudness is measured in decibel (dB). Pitch: It depends upon the frequencies of the sound wave. A note has a higher pitch when the frequency is high and a note of low frequency has a low pitch. For example, when a small baby speaks something, his/her voice has a higher frequency so in case of a baby the pitch is higher than the pitch of a man. The sound with a high frequency is called as shrill. Relation between speed, frequency and wavelength v f where v is speed of sound wave, λ is wavelength and f is the frequency. PROBLEM SOLVING 1. What is necessary for the production and transmission of sound? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Find the wavelength in air at 20°C of an 18-Hz sound wave, which is one of the lowest frequencies that is detectable by the human ear. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. What is the wavelength of an 18-Hz sound wave in seawater at 25°C? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Compiled by Vinod Kumar |3 AL ITTIHAD SCHOOL WORK SHEET 1 4. 5. 6. 7. SOUND WAVES GRADE 10 ADV SUBJECT: PHYSICS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Sound with a frequency of 261.6 Hz travels through water at 25°C. Find the sound’s wavelength in water. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Find the frequency of a sound wave moving through iron at 25°C with a wavelength of 1.25 m. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… If you shout across a canyon and hear the echo 0.80 s later, how wide is the canyon? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… A 2280-Hz sound wave has a wavelength of 0.655 m in an unknown medium. Identify the medium. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………s Compiled by Vinod Kumar |4
