US History AP Review Test 5
Road to Revolution, 1750 - 17776
1. The Albany Plan of Union
[A] was based largely on the ideas of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson.
[B] came to nothing because no colonial legislature would surrender control over its powers of taxation.
[C] called for a Grand Council that would devise military and Indian policies and demand funds from the colonies.
[D] was organized to resolve differences among the colonies and restore the confidence of the Indians.
[E] all of these
2. Both the Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774
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[A] were designed to reaffirm French sovereignty in Canada.
[B] imposed new taxes on goods imported from Europe.
[C] were repealed after colonial protests.
[D] extended religious freedom to Catholics.
[E] interfered with colonial claims to western lands.
3. Troops under this commander provoked an incident that led to the Seven Years’ War:
[A] Louis Montcalm
[B] Edward Braddock
[C] Jeffrey Amherst
[D] William Pepperell
[E] George Washington
4. In the early years of the Seven Years’ War in America, the French were able to maintain the offensive against the AngloAmericans for all of the following reasons except that
[A] the French had overwhelming support from Native Americans.
[B] nearly every able-bodied Canadian had been mobilized into a formidable militia.
[C] the American colonies balked at providing many troops and frequently sent poorly trained men.
[D] General Braddock only dimly perceived the strength and resourcefulness of the forces gathering against him.
[E] Canadians outnumbered the Anglo-Americans by about twenty to one.
5. How did William Pitt plan to encourage the Americans to assume the military burden in the Seven Years’ War in America?
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[A] by guaranteeing lower tariffs and internal taxes in the post-war era
[B] by promising that if the colonies raised the necessary men, Parliament would bear the financial burden
[C] by promising to open the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlement
[D] by hinting broadly at increased colonial self-government in the post-war world
[E] all of these
6. As a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1763,
[A] Louisbourg was returned to the French in exchange for a British outpost in India that the French had taken during
the war.
[B] most of Spain’s New World empire was transferred to France.
[C] France lost all its possessions in the New World.
[D] Britain lost Canada and India, while the French transferred St. Pierre to the Dutch.
[E] the British gained Florida and Canada and became supreme in eastern North America.
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7. Pontiac’s Rebellion occurred because
[A] the British had abandoned their western forts to the French.
[B] the Native Americans feared that Anglo-American settlers would flock to areas west of the Appalachian Mountains.
[C] the colonial government of Virginia had been pressuring Iroquois tribes to move west so that white settlement could
expand.
[D] some Indian tribes objected to the alliance that had been formed with the French.
[E] African-American slaves in South Carolina began to fear the loss of status to Indian indentured servants.
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8. A writ of assistance
[A] helped colonial merchants cut through the red tape of imperial trade regulations.
[B] required that specified colonial products be landed in Britain before being shipped to other countries.
[C] required that colonial commerce agents provide subsidies to merchants engaged in trade outside the British
Empire.
[D] required prosecutors to present evidence of probable cause for suspicion of smuggling.
[E] allowed the British to ransack a colonial merchant’s house in search of illegal goods.
9. The Sugar Act
[A] required captains to fill out a confusing series of documents to certify his trade as legal.
[B] required that colonists exporting lumber, iron, whalebone, and other commodities to foreign countries first land their
shipments in Britain.
[C] placed a 3 pence per gallon duty on foreign molasses.
[D] slapped a heavy tax on American merchants carrying duty-free Portuguese wines to the colonies.
[E] all of these
10. Colonial objections to the Sugar Act were based on
[A] its violation of the no-taxation-without-representation principle.
[B] its economic consequences or its denial of traditional guarantees of a fair trial.
[C] its unconstitutional goal of regulating imperial trade.
[D] a realization that united action would save money in the long run.
[E] all of these
11. Which of the following men was not a British prime minister during the reign of George III?
[A] Thomas Hutchinson
[D] William Pitt
[B] Frederick, Lord North
[E] the Marquis of Rockingham
[C] George Grenville
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12. During the 1760s, British tax rates were
[A] considerably lower than the rates in the colonies.
[B] the second highest in Europe.
[C] the same as the rates in most European nations.
[D] the same as the rates in the colonies.
[E] the second lowest in Europe.
13. An important difference between the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act was that the latter
[A] affected relatively few colonists, since few wrote letters.
[B] was an internal tax intended to raise revenue and therefore have wide-ranging effects, rather than an external tax
intended to regulate trade and hence affect mainly merchants and ship captains.
[C] received united support from members of Parliament and therefore could be effectively enforced.
[D] was merely a revision of a previously existing tax, so colonists could not object.
[E] instituted a tax that was to be paid mainly by merchants, shippers, and lawyers and would therefore not upset the
average colonist.
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14. Which of the following helped convince the delegates to the Second Continental Congress to vote for independence?
[A] the Boston Massacre.
[B] John Dickinson’s Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania.
[C] Tom Paine’s Common Sense.
[D] the proverbs in Benjamin Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanack.
[E] the unexpected success of the colonists in clearing British troops out of New England.
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15. Which of the following statements represents the conception of parliamentary power held in the 1760s by most American
colonists?
[A] Parliament had limited powers of legislation that included authority to regulate imperial trade but excluded the
authority to tax the colonists.
[B] Parliament represented all citizens of the empire and therefore had the authority to legislate on all matters relevant
to American colonists.
[C] Since Parliament was made up of corrupt politicians who represented only large landholders, Parliamentary law
had no authority in the North American colonies.
[D] Because Parliament created the colonies, the colonial assemblies possessed no more power than Parliament
permitted them.
[E] Parliament included no Americans among its members and therefore had no authority to interfere with colonial
trade.
16. American opposition to the Stamp Act took which of the following forms?
[A] a congress that, in the end, was able to protest the Stamp Act on only narrow economic grounds
[B] a wide-spread boycott of stamps, led by prominent women throughout the colonies
[C] street fighters who maimed or murdered anyone who supported the act
[D] primarily violence against property
[E] gangs of seamen who tarred and feathered stamp distributors
17. In the face of the colonial reaction to the Stamp Act the British government
[A] concluded that the colonies were incapable of cooperating and that the next phase of imperial restructuring should
begin.
[B] reinforced all British garrisons in North America and prepared for a long conflict.
[C] revoked the act and slowly began to return its colonial policies to those of salutary neglect.
[D] imposed harsh martial law on the colonies and revoked all civil liberties.
[E] revoked the act but reaffirmed parliamentary power to legislate for the colonies in all cases.
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18. The chief reason for Parliament’s repeal of the Stamp Act and the Townshend duties was the
[A] pleas of Burke and Pitt to conciliate with the colonists by recognizing their right to tax themselves.
[B] conviction that the colonists were on the verge of revolution.
[C] fear that civil war would spread throughout the colonies.
[D] expectation that the colonial assemblies would voluntarily vote for higher taxes.
[E] harmful effects of colonial boycotts and non-importation agreements on British business.
19. The conflict over the Quartering Act demonstrated that
[A] there was strong anticolonial sentiment in the House of Commons and that Parliament would not hesitate to defend
its sovereignty.
[B] King George III was, in reality, the main force within the British government restraining the ministry of Lord North
from imposing a tyranny on the colonies.
[C] neither the king nor Parliament particularly cared about the civil liberties of Americans as long as the colonies were
paying their share of colonial defense.
[D] there was a strong procolonial bloc in the House of Commons that was prepared to exert considerable pressure on
the government to maintain good relations with the colonies.
[E] the British government was caught in a dilemma of wanting to permit continued American self-governance but, at
the same time, wanting to reassert at least the principle of parliamentary sovereignty.
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20. The Townshend Duties
[A] raised large amounts of revenue and helped to reduce the British treasury’s serious deficit.
[B] set only moderate tax rates that did not price goods out of the colonial market.
[C] required that all legal documents and newspapers be printed on special watermarked paper.
[D] imposed such heavy duties on imported goods that colonists could no longer afford to buy them.
[E] removed taxes on all items except those being shipped to the British West Indies.
21. Who wrote twelve Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania arguing that Parliament could regulate trade but could not tax for
the purpose of raising revenue?
[A] James Otis
[D] Samuel Adams
[B] Benjamin Franklin
[E] Patrick Henry
[C] John Dickinson
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22. What was the effect on the colonies of the John Wilkes case?
[A] Many New Yorkers concluded that the colonial government was too powerful to be opposed.
[B] Many colonists concluded that Parliament had been right all along.
[C] The South Carolina assembly voted to pay an extra £1,500 in taxes to ensure that the government could prosecute
Wilkes.
[D] The political thinking of government opponents was sharpened.
[E] Some Virginians dumped tobacco into Charleston harbor in protest.
23. Which of the following would have been most important in influencing the opinion of the average colonial American on
political issues of the day?
[A] books
[B] sermons
[C] newspapers
[D] political pamphlets
[E] weekly magazines
24. Which of the following is typical of the role that colonial women played during the Townshend crisis?
[A] encouraging the men to be moderate and peaceful
[B] leading street protests and bread riots
[C] providing refreshments at Sons of Liberty meetings
[D] remaining at home to ensure that family affairs continued to function in an orderly fashion
[E] organizing spinning bees
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25. From the perspective of a member of the British government, which of the following was the best indication of the strength of
colonial hostility to the Townshend duties?
[A] the increasing membership of the Sons of Liberty
[B] increasingly shrill editorials in leading newspapers
[C] strident sermons urging congregations to stand up for God and liberty
[D] female participation in symbolic protests
[E] renewed non-importation agreements
26. According to the colonists, the American Board of Customs Commissioners
[A] pursued a program that was little more than a system of legalized piracy.
[B] offered a more efficient and equitable method of collecting customs because it was an American, rather than a
British, commission.
[C] should have been allowed to function only if the British government furnished the funds needed to pay the
commissioners.
[D] was made up of treasonous Tories who should have been hanged in the town square.
[E] was hampered in defending merchant John Hancock because of British regulations.
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27. Who was the prominent American whose experience with the customs commissioners forced many Americans to conclude
that Parliament had no lawmaking authority over the colonies except on matters of imperial trade?
[A] John Dickinson
[B] Thomas Hutchinson
[C] Samuel Adams
[D] Thomas Paine
[E] John Hancock
28. Events in the late 1760s and early 1770s helped to bring about a new consensus in the colonies. What was that consensus?
[A] that Parliament had no lawmaking authority over the colonies except for the right to regulate imperial commerce
[B] that the American colonies would be free from tyranny only when they were independent of British rule
[C] that only by working within the British constitution could the colonies safeguard their liberties
[D] that the British constitution could be altered by the passage of new laws
[E] that the government could not tax the colonies because they were not represented in Parliament
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29. In the Boston Massacre,
[A] an unpopular customs informer killed two young boys when he fired birdshot at several children bombarding his
house with rocks.
[B] a large force of British troops ruthlessly fired on unarmed civilians, killing fifty.
[C] a fictitious confrontation, invented by Samuel Adams, took place between British troops and Boston citizens.
[D] Unemployed Boston fishermen ambushed a squad of British soldiers, killing them and twenty innocent bystanders.
[E] Bostonians hurled ice, rocks, and lumber at British soldiers, who then fired without orders and killed five citizens.
30. Which of the following was the attorney who defended the British soldiers accused of firing on the civilians in the Boston
Massacre?
[A] John Adams
[D] Thomas Paine
[B] John Dickinson
[E] John Wilkes
[C] Thomas Hutchinson
31. The colonial divisiveness that existed in the early 1770s could be seen in
[A] clashes in the Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania, between Pennsylvanians and New Englanders who claimed title to
the same land.
[B] Pennsylvania’s legal battles with Virginia and Connecticut.
[C] civil war in North Carolina between eastern and western factions of the state.
[D] guerrilla warfare in Vermont between settlers from New York and New Hampshire.
[E] all of these
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32. In the Declaratory Act, Parliament asserted that
[A] the colonists had forfeited their traditional rights as English citizens because they had left the country .
[B] it had the right to legislate for the colonies in all matters, including levying taxes.
[C] it would take over payment of the salaries of the royal governors and other colonial officials.
[D] it would repeal all of the Townshend duties except the duty on tea.
[E] the colonists were in rebellion and therefore subject to martial law.
33. The colonists’ first attempt at maintaining close and continuing cooperation over a wide area was
[A] the Stamp Act Manifesto.
[B] the spinning bee network.
[C] Continental Congress.
[D] the committees of correspondence.
[E] the circular letter.
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34. All of the following factors helped to convince colonists that the British government was set on a course aimed at destroying
fundamental freedoms except
[A] the Townshend duties.
[B] government reaction to the Gaspee incident.
[C] the Hutchinson letters.
[D] Edmund Burke’s proposals to Parliament in March 1775.
[E] the Tea Act.
35. In 1773 the British government passed the Tea Act, which
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[A] eliminated the additional import duties on tea and, as a result, significantly lowered the price of tea in the colonies.
[B] raised import duties on tea and thereby caused the cost of tea to skyrocket.
[C] granted the British East India Company a monopoly on all tea sold in the colonies, thereby permitting the company
to raise tea prices across the board.
[D] ended all tea monopolies, thereby opening up competition and putting American smugglers out of business.
[E] prohibited the consumption of any tea that had not been shipped in British vessels.
36. Americans objected to the Tea Act because
[A] there was still a tax on tea and the customs duties collected on it would be used to pay the salaries of royal
governors.
[B] it forced them to buy from the British East India Tea Company, which sold low-quality, overpriced tea.
[C] it would raise the price they had to pay for tea.
[D] it forced them to drink tea when they preferred coffee.
[E] it demonstrated that the colonial economy depended on the British West Indies.
37. The Coercive Acts
[A] were called the “Intolerable Acts” by Edmund Burke.
[B] restructured the Massachusetts government.
[C] permitted certain murderers to be tried in England.
[D] closed Boston harbor.
[E] all of these
38. One of the reasons that American colonists objected to the Quebec Act was that
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[A] it provided a forum in which representatives of all the colonies would be able to share plans for resisting British
oppression.
[B] it transferred Quebec back to France, thereby placing a hostile power at the northern border of the American
colonies.
[C] it permitted criminal cases to be settled without the use of juries.
[D] it made Roman Catholicism Quebec’s official religion.
[E] all of these
39. The purpose of the Continental Association was to
[A] provide a forum in which representatives of all the colonies would be able to share plans for resisting British
oppression.
[B] create a free-trade zone within the thirteen colonies.
[C] abolish individual colonial governments and replace them with a unified colonial government under royal control.
[D] boycott British goods and cease exporting almost all goods to Britain.
[E] devise a method of collecting all taxes until the former Massachusetts charter was restored.
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40. Which of the following is out of correct chronological order?
[A] Townshend Duties.
[B] Tea Act.
[C] Battle of Concord.
[D] Declaration of Independence.
[E] First Continental Congress.
41. Which of the following was not one of the demands of the Olive Branch Petition?
[A] that King George turn over the running of the colonies to his ministers
[B] that negotiations be opened in order to establish guarantees of American rights
[C] that the Coercive Acts be repealed
[D] that the government proclaim a cease-fire at Boston
[E] These were all demands of the Olive Branch Petition
42. The attitude of colonial Americans in 1775 concerning reconciliation with Britain can be seen in
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[A] the creation of the Continental Army.
[B] Thomas Paine’s argument that the king was a royal brute and a hardened, sullen-tempered Pharaoh.
[C] a sentimental attachment to the king.
[D] the Olive Branch Petition.
[E] all of these
43. In the Declaration of Independence, whom did the Americans indict for “repeated injuries and usurpations”?
[A] King George III, because of the crown’s apparent intention to establish despotism
[B] Parliament, because of the oppressive legislation that it had passed over ten years
[C] British merchants, because their drive for personal profits had caused them to ignore the greater good of the
empire
[D] the king’s ministers, because they had refused to compromise and had turned the king and Parliament against the
colonies
[E] all of these
44. Early manufacturing in Philadelphia
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[A] failed because of problems with public sanitation.
[B] drove residents out of the city.
[C] contributed to pollution.
[D] tended to focus on the growing high-technology sector.
[E] all of these
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