Chapter 11 Delivery: Engaging Your Audience 1 What We Will Discuss • Speaker and adapting to audience and speech situation • Types of speeches • Nonverbal behavior Eight dimensions of nonverbal system Controlling self-adaptive behavior Nonverbal behaviors that affect the audience • Nonverbal and effective delivery • Improving credibility • Proactive vs Reactive speaking 2 Methods of Delivery • Manuscript =Written out word for word • Memorized = Committed to memory • Impromptu = Off-the-cuff speaking Excellent tips in textbook • Extemporaneous: A blend of preparation and spontaneity the best choice for most situations 3 Adapting Your Delivery To . . . • Diverse audiences: Consider the cultural norms of the audience • The occasion Check on the room beforehand; plan your delivery accordingly (e.g., microphone) • Your personal style? 4 Using Your Voice • Vocal production = “Vocalics” Match to general and specific speech purpose • Volume • Pitch • Range • Rhythm • Tempo • Articulation • Speak in your own voice Practice to become competent Match to general speech purpose 5 Nonverbal Characteristics of Delivery •Continuous Cannot NOT communicate •Simultaneous use of channels All the senses •Spontaneous Hard to regulate •What nonverbal behavior reveals Exercise caution Cultures differ 6 Nonverbal Communication System • Environment = physical surroundings Internal = state of humans Zone of Interaction = area where speaker must maintain eye contact • Speaker movement and interaction with audience • Speaker immediacy by moving into audience 7 Traditional Zone of Interaction Insert Exhibit 11.2 8 Shifting the Zone of Interaction Through Movement Insert Exhibit 11.3 9 Nonverbal Communication System • Appearance = effects source credibility • Eyes = continuous and immediate • Face = congruent with words spoken • Gestures = appropriate to speech purpose • Posture = demonstrates speaker confidence • Touch = minimize self-adapting behavior • Time = always consider time constraints 10 Tips for Gestures and Movement • Be natural; your gestures should reflect your normal conversational style • Move when necessary to include all of your audience in the zone of interaction • Use your hands for illustration • Don’t hold notes in both hands; keep at least one free for gestures 11 Tips for Appearance, Face, and Eyes • Be expressive with your face • Posture affects your credibility • Your attire affects your credibility • Continuous eye contact is essential • Make eye contact with individual members of your audience • Avoid favoring a specific audience segment or person with your eye contact • Dress appropriately and lose the ball cap/sunglasses 12 Making the Most of Nonverbal Behavior • Use Nonverbal behaviors to… Excite the audience Repeat your message Contradict your message Substitute for a verbal cue Deliver a powerful speech Complement your message Increase perceptions of immediacy 13 Proactive Delivery • Rehearse • Time your speech • Avoid self-adapters • Use natural gestures • Take control of your appearance • Take control of your environment 14
