KINGDOM SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION
Basically, one giant dichotomous key to organize & classify
all the known and newly discovered organisms on Earth.
ALL ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
No nuclei or
organelles
Contain nuclei &
organelles
Very simple
Increased complexity
Two Kingdoms
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria
Four Kingdoms
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Each Kingdom is further divided into different groups
and these groups are divided into groups of their own.
Kingdom
Phylum (or Division in Plantae)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Mnemonic
King
Philip
Came
Over
For
Good
sex
ALL ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES
ARCHAEBACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
Ancient bacteria
True bacteria, younger
Live in extreme habitats
Live everywhere
Mostly chemoautotrophic
Mostly heterotrophic
Both: Single celled with non-cellulose cell walls, if present
use asexual reproduction and are mobile
FYI: Used to be considered part of the same kingdom,
Monera, but they were found to differ widely in genetic
information thus not closely related
ARCHAEBACTERIA
Halobacterium salinarum
(high salt areas)
Aeropyrum pernix
(deep ocean vents)
EUBACTERIA
Clostridium botulinum
Escherichia coli
Lacto bacillus
ALL ORGANISMS
EUKARYOTES
PROTISTA
Mostly single celled
Autotrophic & Heterotrophic
Non-cellulose cell walls,
if present
Asexual reproduction
Mobile
Euglena acus
Amoeba proteus
ALL ORGANISMS
EUKARYOTES
PROTISTA
FUNGI
Multicellular
Heterotrophic (decomposers)
Pholiota squarrosa-adiposa
Non-cellulose cell walls
Sexual & asexual reproduction
Non-mobile
Penicillium simplicissimum
ALL ORGANISMS
EUKARYOTES
PROTISTA
FUNGI
PLANTAE
Multicellular, complex
Photoautotrophic
Cellulose cell walls
Oryza sativa
Sexual reproduction
Non-mobile
Vitis vinifera
ALL ORGANISMS
EUKARYOTES
PROTISTA
FUNGI
PLANTAE
ANIMALIA
Multicellular, complex
Heterotrophic
No cell walls
Sexual reproduction
Brachypelma smithi
Mobile
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Kingdom:
Protista
Phylum:
Myxomycota
Class:
Acrasiomycetes
Order:
Dictyosteliales
Family:
Dictyosteliaceae
Genus:
Dictyostelium
Species:
discuideum
Slime Mould
Kingdom:
Plantae
Divison:
Anthophyta
Class:
Dicotyledones
Order:
Fagales
Family:
Fagaceae
Genus:
Quercus
Species:
rubra
Northern Red Oak
Kingdom:
Fungi
Phylum:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Homobasidiomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Agaricaceae
Genus:
Agaricus
Species:
bisporus
White Button Mushroom
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Primates
Family:
Hominidae
Genus:
Homo
Species:
sapiens
Your picture here
Human
Like the organisms themselves,
this system is constantly evolving and changing.
There are now Superkingdoms: Eukaryota, Archae, Bacteria
The 6 Kingdoms are being
rearranged & renamed: Animals is becoming Metazoa
The major levels have SubGroups or SuperGroups
And there are many groupings that are informal
but are used to help out the scientist
So…the COMPLETE classification of a human is:
SuperKingdom
Eukaryota
Kingdom
Metazoa
Animalia(Animalia)
Phylum
Chordata
SubPhylum
Craniata
SuperClass
Gnathostomata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Primates
SubOrder
Catarrhini
Family
Hominidae
Genus
Homo
Species
sapiens
Subspecies
sapiens
BUT…this isn’t 100 % accepted and there are other groups of
biologists proposing modifications to this system.
So we’ll stick to the Six Kingdoms and Seven Levels we have for now.
Now practice the use of a dichotomous key
pg 5 of booklet
Turn to textbook pg 384
Questions 1-9 to be handed in,
one per person
Credits:
Pictures & Graphics
“Biology Learning Centre” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(web.grcc.cc.mi.us/biosci/_pictdata/104contents.htm)
“Control of Bor Plant Hopper in Paddy and Cotton Gozing” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(www.nifindia.org/_Basavraj.htm)
“Curriculum Vitae Lebenslauf” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(www.bk.tudelft.nl/users/kap/internet/_stropharia-latin.htm)
“Euglena acus Ehrenberg 1830” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(bio.rutgers.edu/euglena/_Euglenas/eacus.htm)
“General Mycology” University of Arizona. Online. Internet. April 2002.
(ag.arizona.edu/classes/plp427L)
“Image Gallery” Online. Internet. April 2002. (meds.queensu.ca/medicine/_crl/flim/gallery.htm)
“Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(distans.levstek.lth.se:2080/L_bulg.htm)
“LA Testing Photo Gallery” Online. Internet. April 2002. (www.latesting.com/photo_gallery.htm)
Credits continued:
“Luxorion L’origine de la vie” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(www.astrosurf.com/lombry/_bioastro-originvie5.htm)
“Milko Marchetti Nature and Wildlife Images” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(digilander.iol.it/milkomarchetti/themes.htm)
“Mushroom Adventures” Online. Internet. April 2002. (www.mushroomadventures.com)
“National Institute of Technology & Evaluation” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(www.bio.nite.go.jp/cgi_bin/_dogan/genome_top.cgi)
“Saker Mat” Online. Internet. April 2002. (www.livsmedelssverlge.org/sakermat/_sakermat_bakt.htm)
“Shamanism Working With Animal Spirits” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(www.geocities.com/RainForest/_4076/index35.html)
“The Bacteriorhodopsin Movie” Online. Internet. April 2002.
(www.szbk.u-szeged.hu/~gpeter/br-movie)