International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Smart Home Application using Internet of Things
Shatrughna Prasad Yadav1, Abhijeet Kumbhare2, Ravindra Parab3
1CSIT,
Symbiosis University of Applied Sciences, Indore, India
Symbiosis University of Applied Sciences, Indore, India
----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2,3AME,
Abstract - In the recent years the Internet of Things (IoT) has
become ubiquitous technology and has made human life more
secured, convenient and comfortable. It has enhanced quality
of life by providing intelligence feature in the physical objects
(sensors and actuators). It has made the connectivity
pervasive and has affected the human life in unimaginable
way. IoT is being used in many applications which includes
smart home, smart city, healthcare, retail management, smart
grid, etc. In the present paper IoT has been used for smart
home application with the help of Arduino Uno board,
Bluetooth, android based smart phone application, sensors,
relays, motors and actuators. It has been used to control
lights, heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system,
door bell, water pump, garage door and garden management
system.
2. INTERNET OF THINGS ARCHITECTURE
The traditional Internet architecture uses standard protocols
and have predefined protocol layers in them. As in the case of
international standard organization (ISO) standard open
systems interconnection (OSI) model is a seven layered
framework. Each of these layers are related to each other
with a set of protocols for moving information across the
network [4]. These layers are physical, data link, network,
transport, session, presentation and application [5]. Similarly
in the case of transmission control protocol/internet protocol
(TCP/IP) protocol suite, it consists of five layers, such as
physical, data link, network, transport and applications layer.
It is well known that TCP/IP protocol suite has become a
standard internet protocol suite because of its compactness
than the OSI model [6]. Figure 2 represents one of the
possible 5 layer architecture of IoT.
Key Words: Internet of Things, Lighting Control, Smart Home
Appliances, Garden Management Systems.
1. INTRODUCTION
Businees Layer
Internet of Things have made physical objects intelligent and
smart by embedding in them the sensing, computing and
communication capabilities. IoT has enabled physical objects
as if they can see, hear and talk to each other without any
human intervention. The sensors and actuators can share
information and coordinate decisions among themselves. IoT
has become ubiquitous and has made the connectivity almost
pervasive [1]. It has eliminated the physical distance barrier
and human interventions by enabling the physical objects
with computing and networking capabilities. Figure 1 gives
the broad definition of internet of things [2].
Application Layer
Processing Layer
Transport Layer
Device/Physical Layer
Internet of
Things
= Physical(Things)Object +
Sensing
(Data)
+
Communication
(Data
Streaming)
Computation
+ (Programming)
+
Applications
(services)
Fig – 2: Five Layers architecture of IoT
To meet the growing IoT challenges and create a competitive
environment its architectural standard can be seen as the
revised version of traditional internet architecture. The
number of protocol layers are not fixed in the case of internet
of things. It could be a very robust and simple architecture
with only three layers: perception/device layer, network
layer and application layer which defines the main idea of IoT
[7]. But the three layer architecture does not specify the finer
aspects of working requirements of IoT. More layers need to
be included to elaborate its functionality. One such
architecture might have five layered protocol which includes
Fig – 1: Definition of Internet of Things
Small microcontrollers (sensors) embedded with energy
efficient operating systems, communication and transceiver
capabilities are connected to the web through a robust
network architecture and provides plethora of reliable
services with minimum time delay and cost [3].
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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perception/device layer, transport layer, processing layer,
application layer and business layer [8]. The processing layer
acts as a middleware layer to provide additional facilities like
storage, analysis and processing. Similarly, the business layer
provides business, application and profit model management.
Cloud
Computing
Apart from the two architectures described in the above
paragraph, Cisco has suggested seven layer reference model
for IoT applications. The seven layers have been termed as
seven levels. First level has been specified for physical
devices including sensors, machines and devices. Second level
has been used for connectivity of communication and
processing unit and third level for edge computing for the
major focus on data analysis and transformation [9]. The
work of data accumulation and storage has been defined in
the fourth level, whereas level five performs the job of data
aggregation and access. The job of application layer defined
in sixth layer is of data analysis, reporting and control. The
last and final, seventh level performs the work of
collaboration and business process [10].
Only few are
sent to cloud
Fog/Edge Computing
Thousands of them are
Processed by Fog/ Edge
Device Layer
Millions of data are
generated by sensors at Device Layer
Fig – 3: Fog/ Edge and Cloud Computing
The fog/edge has features of low latency, location awareness,
distributed nodes, mobility and real time response. Apart
from these features it can interact with the cloud and send
only those data which is required by the cloud. In other
words, at one hand it reduces the burden of data handling by
cloud and on the other hand it improves the efficiency of
services provided by the IoT with enhanced security features
and privacy of data [12]. Figure 4 depicts the work of IoT
gateway services.
Similarly, internet engineering task force (IETF) has
suggested IoT architecture based on 6 layers: Physical cum
data link layer, data adaptation layer, network layer,
transport layer, application support layer and application
layer. International telecommunications union telecommunications (ITU-T) reference model has only four
layers: device, network, service and application and
application layer. Last but not the least, European
telecommunication standard institute (ETSI) has developed a
set of standard for the network, devices and gateway for
machine to machine (M2M) domain architecture based on
only two domains: first as device and gateway and the second
as application and network domain [11].
3. FOG/ EDGE AND CLOUD COMPUTING FOR IOT
Cloud computing offers services, infrastructure and
computational capabilities for on demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable resources. But the sensors used
in IoT applications generate huge amount of data which
requires large computational capabilities and storages
resources for the purpose of processing and analysis. Apart
from the huge data generated, most of the IoT devices are
mobile, requires reliable and real time actuation, power
constraint and scalable in nature and hence its dependency
on cloud based computing is not reliable and sufficient. The
solution of this problem could be to provide computing,
analysis and data storage facilities at local level, close to the
edge of the network (devices). Figure three represents the
overview of fog/edge computing. The data sent to cloud is
barely essential data. Most of the computing is done at the
fog/edge level itself.
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Things
Communication
Cloud Server
Internet
Fig – 4: IoT Gateway services
4. SMART HOME APPLICATION USING IOT
In the present scenario the Internet of Things are being used
for many smart applications [13]. The important applications
of IoT are in the field of smart grid, industrial automation,
building automation, smart energy, mechanized agriculture,
wearable devices, retail management, gaming, augmented
reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, autonomous vehicles,
health care, smart city, smart transport, social life and
entertainment, health and fitness, smart chain and logistics
management and smart home, etc. [14]. In figure 5 Arduino
Uno board model R3 is shown. This board uses AVR
ATmega328, 32 bit microprocessor at 16 MHz clock speed
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e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019
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and operates on 5 Volt DC power. It has 14 digital
input/output pins, 6 analog input pins, 32 KB flash memory,
2 KB SRAM and 1 KB EEPROM. It has the provision of a USB,
power jack, ICSP header and also has one onboard reset
button. It has all the essential requirement for small IoT
project requirements embedded on the printed circuit board
itself [15].
In this work Arduino Uno Board model R3 along with Blue
Tooth model HC 05 have been used. Ten number of different
applications have been switched on from a distance of 10
meters wirelessly using android based smart phone
applications [18]. The distance can be further increased up to
100 meters using Zig bee in place of blue tooth. The Zig bee
and low energy blue tooth are low rate personal area
network (Low rate PAN) devices, are not based on internet
protocols (IP) and operates in the industrial, scientific and
medicine (ISM) band with 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz frequency and
follows the IEEE 802. 15. 4 and IEEE 802. 15. 1 standards
respectively [19].
Fig – 5: Arduino Uno Board Model R3
In the present paper, smart home applications have been
developed to resolve the basic needs of a home using internet
of things. This application have been used to control lights,
heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, door
bell, water pump, garage door and garden management
systems, etc. [16]. The major equipment used for this
application includes Arduino Uno board, Bluetooth model,
android based smart phone application, driver, sensor, relay,
motor, actuator and other accessories like transistors,
resistors, etc. Figure 6 shows the blue tooth model HC 05. It
operates at 2.4 GHz frequency in the ISM band and the
modulation technique used is Gaussian Frequency Shift
Keying. Its speed in the asynchronous mode is 2.1 Mbps and
in the ssynchronous mode the maximum speed is 1 Mbps
[17].
Fig – 7: Set up for 12 different applications
Figure 7 shows the laboratory set up of the project [20]. The
wireless operating distance can be further increased using
low energy wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) system which operates
on 900 MHz frequency that uses IEEE 802.11 protocol and
comes under wireless local area network (wireless LAN). Its
coverage area can be further increased up to a distance of 1
KM by further lowering the operating frequency [21]. Figure
8 shows few application such as switching on lights, motor,
doorbell, etc.
Fig – 8: Remote Switching of motor, doorbell and lights
The operating range can be further increased using IP based
network protocols such as worldwide interoperability of
microwave access (WiMax) which uses IEEE 802.16 standard,
Fig – 6: Blue Tooth Model HC 05
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Volume: 06 Issue: 02 | Feb 2019
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mobile broadband wireless access system (MBWA) using
IEEE 802.20 standard and wireless regional area network
(WRAN) based on IEEE 802.22 standard with data rate up to
1 Mbps constituting wireless metropolitan area network
(WMAN) and wireless wide area network (WWAN)
respectively [22].
[9] A. Schmidt and K. Van Laerhoven, “How to build smart
appliances?” IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 8, no.
4, pp. 66–71, 2001.
[10] Z. Sheng et al., “A survey on the IETF protocol suite for
the Internet of Things: Standards, challenges, and
opportunities,” IEEE Wireless Communication., vol. 20,
no. 6, pp. 91–98, Dec. 2013.
5. CONCLUSION
Apart from enhancing quality of life, IoT has made human
life more secured, convenient and comfortable. Due to the
pervasive connectivity it has affected the human life in
unimaginable way. It has wide area of applications such as
smart home, smart city, healthcare, retail management, smart
grid, etc. The present paper demonstrates the application of
IoT for smart home. It has been operated wirelessly from the
distance of 10 meters using android based smart phone
applications and operating distance can be further increased
using IP based network protocols. The devices which has
been operated includes lights, heating ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC) system, door bell, water pump, garage
door and garden management system.
[11] S. Taylor, “The next generation of the Internet
revolutionizing the way we work, live, play, and learn,”
CISCO, San Francisco, CA, USA, CISCO Point of View,
2013.
[12] J. Manyika et al., “Disruptive Technologies: Advances
that Will Transform Life, Business and the Global
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Institute, 2013.
[13] “Commercial building automation systems,” Navigant
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Things volume G1: Reference architecture,” IoT
Strategic Res. Agenda, Eur. Res. Cluster, Rep., Sep. 2009.
[Online].
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[21] Pallavi Sethi and Smruti R. Sarangi, “Internet of Things:
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