1.The vegetable oils are the obligatory components of man ration as they contain some essential fatty
acids. Choose them:
A. Acetic and butyric acids
B. Stearic and palmitic acids
*C. Linoleic and linolenic acids
D. Palmitooleic and oleic acids
.gtfb
2.Examination of a man who hadn’t been consuming fats but had been getting enough carbohydrates and
proteins for long time revealed dermatitis, poor wound healing, vision impairment. What is the probable
cause of metabolic disorder?
A. Lack of oleic acid
B. Low caloric value of diet
C. Lack of vitamins PP, H
D. Lack of palmitic acid
*E. Lack of linoleic acid, vitamins A, D, E, K.
3.Find out the values for total acidity of gastric juice associated with hypochlorhydria in patient:
A. 40 mmol/L
*B. 20 mmol/L
C. 55 mmol/L
D. 60 mmol/L
E. 50 mmol/L
4.Point out the endopeptidase that is produced by pancreas and is activated by trypsin:
A. Renin
B. Gastricsin
C. Pepsinogen
D. Alpha-Amylase
*E. Proelastase
5.Name the enzyme whose function is associated with digestion of polysaccharides in the small intestine:
A. Rennin
*B. Alpha-amylase
C. Elastase
D. Pepsinogen
E. Maltase
6.The stone of a general bile duct stopped the entrance of bile to the intestine of the patient. Specify the
process, whose infringement will be observed:
A. Protein digestion
B. Carbohydrates digestion
*C. Fats digestion
D. Protein digestion
E. Carbohydrates absorption
7.Point out the class of enzymes that catalyze the digestion of proteins in gastro-intestinal tract:
A. Ligases
B. Lyases
C. Transferases
*D. Hydrolases
E. Oxidoreductases
8.The bile acids participate in:
A. The cholesterol synthesis
B. The activation of trypsin
C. The ketone bodies synthesis
*D. The lipids emulsification
E. The protein transport activation
9.A 30-year-old woman was diagnosed with insufficiency of exocrine function of pancreas. Hydrolysis of
what nutrients will be disturbed?
A. Proteins, only
*B. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates
C. Fats, carbohydrates, only
D. Proteins, fats, only
E. Proteins, carbohydrates, only
10.Some carbohydrates can't be digested in the intestine. Point out one of them:
*A. Cellulose
B. Maltose
C. Glycogen
D. Sucrose
E. Starch
11.Lipase requires special conditions for its activity. Choose a factor that isn’t optimum for this purpose:
A. Phospholipids
B. Colipase
C. Bile salts
*D. pH=2.0
E. pH=8.0
12.Trypsin is found in functions as activator for some zymogens produced by pancreas. Choose them:
A. Chymotrypsinogen
*B. All that is placed
C. Procarboxylase B
D. Proelastase
E. Procarboxylase A
13.After intake of rich food a patient feels nausea and sluggishness; with time signs of steatorrhea there
appeared. Blood cholesterol concentration is 9.2 mmole/l. That condition was caused by lack of:
A. Fatty acids
B. Triglycerides
C. Chylomicrons
*D. Bile acids
E. Phospholipids
14.Point out the group of peptidases which trypsin is belong to:
A. Amino peptidase
B. Carboxypeptidase
C. Dipeptidase
D. Exopeptidase
*E. Endopeptidase
15.A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of fattening food and of the
body weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; hypocholic feces. What may be the
cause of this condition?
A. Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
B. Unbalanced diet
*C. Obturation of biliary tracts
D. Mucous membrane inflammation of small intestine
E. Lack of pancreatic lipase
16.This disorder may be genetic or acquired. Affected infants are not able to tolerate milk, which is
normally their primary food. Point out the name of disorder:
A. Galactosemia
*B. Lactose intolerance
C. Galactose intolerance
D. Fructosuria
E. Glucose intolerance
17.Point out the activator of secretin production in duodenum:
A. Chymotrypsin
B. Gastricsin
C. Trypsin
*D. Hydrochloric acid
E. Pepsin
18.Choose the enzyme that takes part in the gastric digestion of carbohydrates:
A. Amylo-1,6-glycosidase
B. Oligo-1,6-glycosidase
*C. There's no any enzyme for carbohydrates digestion in stomach
D. Salivary amylase
E. Sucrase
19.The only sugar absorbed by intestine against a concentration gradient is:
A. Galactose
B. Xylose
*C. Glucose
D. Mannose
E. Fructose
20.Point out the couple of amino acids participating in the formation of peptide bond that is cleaved by
trypsin:
A. Alanine, valine
B. Leucine, valine
C. Glycine, Glutamine
D. Isoleucine, alanine
*E. Arginine, lysine
21.Point out the amino acids whose peptide bonds are hydrolyzed by pepsin and chymotrypsin:
*A. Aromatic amino acids
B. Alcoholic acids
C. Sulfur-containing amino acids
D. Diamino acids
E. Amides of monocarboxylic acids
22.Achlorhydria (achylia) state is observed in patient with stomach problems. Propose probable reason
for the development of this state and probable values for free HCL content in the gastric juice of this
patient:
A. Colitis; [free HCL]=60 mmole/L
B. Obstruction of esophagus; [free HCL]=20 mmole/L
C. Extensive secretion of gastric juice; [free HCL]=60 mmole/L
*D. Cancer of stomach; [free HCL]= 0 mmole/L
E. Disturbed pepsinogen synthesis; [free HCL]=10 mmole/L
23.Choose the condition in human organism which can cause the beginning of gluconeogenesis in the
liver:
*A. Hypoglycemia
B. The decrease of diuresis
C. The hypoxia of liver tissue
D. Hyperglycemia
E. The bile ducts obstruction
24.The functions of gluconeogenesis are described by all of the following statements EXCEPT:
A. It maintains blood sugar levels during fasting
B. It allows the use of amino acids for glucose production
C. It maintains blood glucose level during period of limited carbohydrate intake
D. It is useful during strenuous exercises
*E. It allows the use of acetyl-CoA for glucose production
25.Which compound does not contribute to the net formation of glucose during gluconeogenesis in man?
A. Glycerol
B. Lactate
*C. Acetyl-CoA
D. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
E. Oxaloacetate
26.Which statement about gluconeogenesis is correct?
A. ATP is not required for the process
B. Phosphofructokinase I is the rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis.
C. It occurs primarily in skeletal muscle.
D. The acetate group of acetyl-CoA is used for the net synthesis of glucose
*E. Lactate and alanine can both serve as substrates.
27.Which of the ions is the most important for glycolysis?:
A. Aurum
B. Cobalt
*C. Magnesium
D. Zink
E. Calcium
28.Which one of the following enzymes is common to both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?
A. Pyruvate carboxylase
B. Pyruvate kinase
C. Hexokinase
D. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
*E. Phosphoglycerate kinase
29.Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and:
A. Skeletal muscle
*B. Kidney
C. Spleen
D. Heart
E. Adipose tissue
30.Choose the yields a net for 1 mole of glucose oxidation by anaerobic glycolysis:
A. 2 moles of pyruvate, 2 moles of NADH, 2 moles of ATP
B. 2 moles of lactate, 2 moles of NAD+, 2 moles of ATP
C. 2 moles of pyruvate and 2 moles of ATP
D. 2 moles of lactate and 6 moles of ATP
*E. 2 moles of lactate and 2 moles of ATP
31.Choose the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis:
*A. Pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
B. Phosphohexoseisomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, aldolase I
C. Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase
D. Glucokinase, phosphotrioseisomerase, lactate dehydrogenase
E. Citrate synthase, isocitratedehydrohenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
32.Name the factors which are important to regulate the anaerobic glycolysis duration:
A. NADH/NAD[sup]+[/sup] ratio in a cell
B. Oxygen level in tissue
C. Fructose-2.6-biphosphate level
D. ATP/ADP ratio in a cell
*E. All the factors mentioned
33.A deficiency in the vitamin Biotin leads to a deficiency in the activity of certain enzyme of
gluconeogenesis. Point out the enzyme:
A. Glucose 6-phosphatase
B. Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase
C. Phosphoglycerate kinase
D. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
*E. Pyruvate carboxylase
34.What enzyme catalyzes the glucose-6-phosphate formation from glucose in the liver and is not
inhibited by excess level of glucose-6-phosphate:
A. Hexokinase
*B. Glucokinase
C. Phosphoglucomutase
D. Glucose-6-phosphatase
E. Pyruvate kinase
35.Diseases of the respiratory system and circulatory disorders impair the transport of oxygen, thus
leading to hypoxia. Under these conditions the energy metabolism is carried out by anaerobic glycolysis.
As a result, the following substance is generated and accumulated in blood:
A. Citric acid
B. Glutamic acid
*C. Lactic acid
D. Pyruvic acid
E. Fumaric acid
36.Name the energy effect of anaerobic glycolysis per 1 mole of glucose incorporated into the process:
*A. 2 ATP
B. 8 ATP
C. 10 ATP
D. 5 ATP
E. 3 ATP
37.The gluconeogenesis is activated in the liver after intensive physical trainings .What substance is
utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all in this case:
A. Glucose
B. Glutamate
C. Alanine
*D. Lactate
E. Pyruvate
38.Gluconeogenesis from lactate does not require activity of:
A. Triose phosphate isomerase.
B. Phosphoglycerate kinase.
C. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
*D. Phosphofructokinase.
E. Aldolase.
39.The genetic defect of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is the cause of delayed physical and mental
development and early death in children. This defect is characterized by lacticemia, lactaciduria,
disorders of a number of metabolic pathways. In particular, the following processes are inhibited:
A. Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis
B. Pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis
*C. Citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis
D. Lipolysis and lipogenesis
E. Glycolysis and glycogenolysis
40.The intensive muscular work increases the velocity of the ATP utilization and causes the activation of
glycolysis. What enzyme activity will limit its rate?
A. Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
*B. Phosphofructokinase
C. Phosphoglyceromutase
D. Aldolase
E. Phosphoglycerate kinase
41.Which of the following compounds is an allosteric activator that enhances activity of
phosphofructokinase I of the glycolytic pathway?
A. Citric acid
B. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
C. Glucose-6-phosphate
D. Glucose
*E. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
42.Which one of the following enzymes catalyzes phosphorylation with the use of inorganic phosphate?
A. Pyruvate kinase
B. Phosphofructokinase
*C. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
D. Phosphoglycerate kinase
E. Hexokinase
43.Choose the key (regulatory) enzymes of glycolysis:
A. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase, pyruvate carboxylase
B. Citrate synthase, isocitratedehydrohenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
C. Phosphohexoseisomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase, aldolase I
*D. Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase
E. Glucokinase, phosphotrioseisomerase, lactate dehydrogenase
44.There is one organic compound in the list below to inhibit phosphofructokinase I if this compound is
accumulated in cytoplasm. Name it:
A. Succinate
*B. ATP
C. Glyceroaldehyde 3-phosphate
D. Pyruvate
E. Fructose-6-phosphate
45.The activity of pyruvate carboxylase is dependent upon the positive allosteric effector:
A. Isocitrate
B. Citrate
*C. Acetyl CoA
D. Succinate
E. AMP
46.A 7-year-old girl has signs of anemia. Laboratory examination revealed pyruvate kinase deficiency in
the erythrocytes. What process disturbance plays the main role in anemia development?
A. Peroxide decomposition
B. Oxidative phosphorylation
*C. Anaerobic glycolysis
D. Tissue respiration
E. Amino acids desamination
47.Find out the location of glucose-6-phosphatase in human tissues:
A. Liver, only
B. Gonads, only
*C. Liver, kidney
D. Skeletal muscular tissue
E. Myocardium
48.Name, please, the liver enzyme needed for lactate utilization in gluconeogenesis:
*A.
B. NAD-dependent Lactate Dehydrogenase
C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
D. Glucose-6-phosphatase
E. NADH-dependent Lactate Dehydrogenase
F. Lactonase
49.Choose the enzyme for the reaction of glucose formation due to dephosphorylation:
A. Glucokinase
*B. Glucose-6-phosphatase
C. Aldolase
D. Hexokinase
E. Phosphofructokinase
50.Choose the energy requirement (sum total of ATP; to think about GTP use as ATP use) for glucose
synthesis from 2 moles of pyruvic acid:
A. 1 ATP
B. 3 ATP
*C. 6 ATP
D. 2 ATP
E. 4 ATP
51.A child has got galactosemia. Concentration of glucose in blood has not considerably changed.
Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?
A. Amylo-l,6-glucosidase
*B. Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
C. Fructokinase
D. Hexokinase
E. Phosphoglucomutase
52.A child with galactosemia is referred to an opthalmologist for evaluation of developing cataracts,
probably caused by the accumulation of galactose and its alcohol galactitol. Choose the enzyme
catalyzing the transformation of galactose to galacitol:
A. Galactokinase
*B. Aldose reductase
C. Galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase
D. Aldolase B
E. Glucokinase
53.Choose the INCORRECT statement concerning functions of the pentose phosphate pathway:
A. It is a source of NADPH for reductive pathways
B. It is a source of pentoses for nucleic acids synthesis
C. It is a route for conversion of pentoses from degradated nucleotides to intermediates of glycolysis
D. It is a route for the use of pentoses and for their conversion to hexoses and trioses
*E. It is a source of ATP for reductive pathways
54.The aerobic oxidation of carbohydrates includes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Specify the
inhibitor (in high concentration) for this reaction:
A. ADP
B. NADP[sup]+[/sup]
C. NAD[sup]+[/sup]
D. FAD
*E. Acetyl-SCoA
55.Pyruvate concentration in the patient’s urine is increased 10 times than the normal level. Choose the
Vitamin, the deficiency of which in the organism can be the reason of this change:
A. Vitamin B[sub]6[/sub]
*B. Vitamin B[sub]1[/sub]
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin C
E. Vitamin A
56.Name the second stage of aerobic glucose oxidation in tissues:
A. Pyruvate formation
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Acetyl-SCоA carboxylation
*D. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
E. Alpha-ketoglutarate formation
57.Point out the multienzyme system used in aerobic oxidation of glucose up to carbon dioxide and water
formation:
*A. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
B. Glutamate dehydrogenase complex
C. Palmitate synthetase
D. Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase complex
E. Succinate dehydrogenase complex
58.Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex contains all cofactors except one. Choose it:
A. FAD
B. Lipoamide
C. CoASH
D. NAD[sup]+[/sup]
*E. Biotin
59.NADPH is used for next application EXCEPT:
A. Glutathione defense system against injury by reactive oxygen species
*B. Glucose synthesis
C. Cholesterol synthesis
D. Fatty acid biosynthesis
E. Monooxygenase system linked with cytochrome P450
60.Immediate products of pyruvate metabolism (using one reaction only) are all EXCEPT:
*A. 2-Phosphoglycerate
B. Lactate
C. Alanine
D. Oxaloacetate
E. Acetyl-CoA
61.Point out the multienzyme system where enzymes form a single structural-functional complex:
*A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
B. Enzymes of Krebs cycle
C. Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase
D. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
*E.
F. Glutamate dehydrogenase
62.Which enzyme is present in the liver but not in muscle?
A. Lactate dehydrogenase
B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
C. Glycogen phosphorylase
D. Hexokinase
*E. Glucose 6-phosphatase
63.Which of the following compounds is required by transketolase for maximal activity?
A. Acetyl-CoA
*B. Thiamine pyrophosphate
C. Biotin
D. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
E. Coenzyme A
64.Biochemical test in thiamine deficiency may be:
A. Histidine test
B. Ferric chloride test
*C. Erythrocyte transketolase test
D. Cholesterol test
E. Glucose test.
65.Malate-aspartate shuttle system is required for:
A. Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
B. Gluconeogenesis
*C. Reducing equivalent (NADH) transport into mitochondria
D. Alanine transport into mitochondria
E. Pentose phosphate pathway
66.Point out the substrate that is used as major energy source for brain:
A. Alanine
B. Phospholipid
*C. Glucose
D. Fatty acid
E. Ketone body
67.Sites where Hexose monophosphate shunt can occur include:
A. Liver
B. White Blood Cells (WBC)
*C. All the proposed
D. Lactating mammary gland
E. Testes
68.A child’s blood has high content of galactose, glucose concentration is low. There are such
presentations as cataract, mental deficiency, adipose degeneration of liver. What disease is it?
A. Lactosemia
B. Fructosemia
*C. Galactosemia
D. Steroid diabetes
E. Diabetes mellitus
69.Insulin decreases the rate of gluconeogenesis by suppressing of one the following enzymes. Point out
this enzyme:
A. Pyruvate kinase
B. Phosphofructokinase
*C. Pyruvate carboxylase
D. Glycogen synthase
E. Hexokinase
70.Which of the following statements about glycogen metabolism is true?
A. Cyclic AMP–activated protein kinase stimulates glycogen synthase
B. Glycogen synthesis is stimulated by glucagon
C. Glycogen phosphorylase b is inactivated by phosphorylation
D. Epinephrine and glucagon can low cAMP levels in cytoplasma thus stimulating glycogenolysis
*E. Glycogen phosphorylase kinase is activated by phosphorylation
71.A liver biopsy has been made for child with hepatomegaly and mild fasting hypoglycemia. Hepatocytes
contant shows the accumulation of glycogen granules with single glucose residues remaining at the
branch points near the periphery of the granule. The most likely genetic disorder in this child is associated
with the defect in:
*A. Amylo alpha-1,6 glucosidase (debranching enzyme)
B. Lysosomal alpha-1,4 glucosidase
C. Glycogen phosphorylase
D. Glucosyl -4:6 transferase (branching enzyme)
E. Phosphoglucomutase
72.The tissue with the highest glycogen content (mg/100g of tissue) is:
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Brain
C. Testes
D. Kidney
*E. Liver
Inherited disease, such as mucopolysaccharidosis, is manifested in metabolic disorders of connective
73.tissue, bone and joint pathologies. The sign of this disease is the excessive urinary excretion of the
following substance:
A. Lipids
*B. Glycosaminoglycans
C. Amino acids
D. Glucose
E. Urea
75.What glycolytic enzyme synthesis is stimulated due to insulin:
*A. Hexokinase IV
B. Aldolase
C. Glucose-6-phosphatase
D. Adenylate kinase
E. Phosphoglycerate kinase
76.Point out the enzyme that breaks beta1-->4 linkages in hyaluronic acid and other
glycosaminoglycans?
A. Cellulase
B. Lactase
C. Glycogen synthase
*D. Hyaluronidase
E. Glycogen phosphorylase
77.Insulin stimulates all the processes listed below in adipocytes except:
A. Transport of glucose through cell membrane
*B. Glycogenolysis
C. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
D. Hexose monophosphate shunt
E. Catabolism of glucose
78.Mucopolysaccharidoses are inherited storage diseases. They are caused by:
*A. Defects in the degradation of proteoglycans
B. All the proposed options are correct
C. An increased rate of synthesis of proteoglycans
D. The synthesis of polysaccharides with an altered structure
E. The synthesis of abnormally small amounts of protein cores
79.Point out the type of bonds between glucose-monomers in glycogen molecule destroyed by glycogen
phosphorylase a:
A. Beta(1-4)-glycosidic bond
B. Alpha?(1-4), alpha ?(1-6)-glycosidic bonds
*C. Only alpha?(1-4)-glycosidic bond
D. ??Alpha ?(1-4),? beta(1-6) -glycosidic bonds
E. Beta(1-4), alpha ?(1-6)-glycosidic bonds
80.After meals blood glucose enters liver cells and is stored as glycogen, mainly. Which of the following
compounds is the donor of new glucose residue in glycogen?
A. UDP-glucose-6-phosphate
B. Glucose-6-phosphate
C. Glucose-4-phosphate
D. UDP-glucose-1-phosphate
*E. UDP-glucose
81.WHICH one of the following enzymes is associated with glycogen synthesis?
A. Debranching enzyme
B. Phosphorylase kinase
C. Glycogen phosphorylase
D. Glucose-6-phosphatase
*E. Branching enzyme
82.Blood glucose levels cannot be augmented by mobilization of muscle glycogen due to lack of:
*A. Glucose-6-phosphatase
B. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
C. Glucokinase
D. Hexokinase
E. Aldolase
83.Choose the hormone whose secretion may be damaged at diabetes mellitus in person:
A. Cortisol
B. Growth hormone
*C. Insulin
D. Progesterone
E. Epinephrine
84.Choose the substance that can be the terminal product of glycogenolysis in muscles:
*A. Glucose-6-phosphate
B. Glycogen
C. Glucose
D. Pyruvate
E. Fructose
85.A child is languid, apathetic. Liver is enlarged and liver biopsy revealed a significant amount of
glycogen. Glucose concentration in the blood stream is below normal. What is the cause of low glucose
levels:
*A. Low {absent} activity of glucose 6-phosphatase
B. Low {absent} activity of hexokinase
C. Deficit of gene that is responsible for the synthesis of glucose 1-phosphate uridine transferase
D. High activity of glycogen synthetase
E. High activity of glycogen phosphorylase in liver
86.McArdle’s disease development causes muscle cramps and muscle fatigue with increased muscle
glycogen in a patient. Which of the following enzymes is deficient?
A. Hepatic hexokinase
*B. Muscle phosphorylase
C. Muscle debranching enzyme
D. Muscle glycogen synthetase
E. Muscle hexokinase
87.How does epinephrine influence the glucose level in the blood?
A. Decreases, stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver
*B. Increases, stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver
C. Decreases, inhibiting the glycogen synthesis in the liver
D. Does not influence
E. Decreases, inhibiting the glycolysis in muscles
88.What hormone decreases the glucose concentration in the blood, if its value is more than 6.8 mM/L:
A. Thyroxin
B. Testosterone
*C. Insulin
D. Adrenalin
E. Glucagon
89.Patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after an injection of
i7insulin. What might be the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of glucose?
A. 1,5 mmole/L .
B. 5,5 mmole/L
C. 8,0 mmole/L
D. 10 mmole/L
*E. 3,3 mmole/L
90.Point out the enzyme whose deficiency can cause the Gierke's disease development:
A. Glycogen phosphorylase
B. Alpha-1,4-glycosidase
C. Glycogen-branching enzyme
D. Amylo- 1,6 -glycosidase
*E. Glucose-6-phosphatase
91.Which glycosaminoglycan is the most abundant in cartilage?
A. Dermatan sulfate
B. Heparan sulfate
*C. Chondroitin sulfate
D. Hyaluronic acid
E. Keratan sulfate
92.Which of the following metabolites is found in glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis?
*A. Glucose-6-phosphate
B. Uridine diphosphoglucose
C. Fructose-6-phosphate
D. Uridine diphosphogalactose
E. Galactose-1-phosphate
93.Which of the following alterations would be expected to occur after a substantial breakfast?
*A. Decreased rate of glycogenolysis
B. Decreased rate of protein synthesis
C. Increased activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
D. Increased activity of pyruvate carboxylase
E. Decreased activity of glucokinase
94.Point out the key enzyme of glycogen degradation in the liver:
A. Glucose oxidase
B. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
C. Glucose-6-phosphatase
*D. Glycogen Phosphorylase
E. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase
95.A 50-year old patient with food poisoning is on a drip of 10 % glucose solution. It does not provide the
body with necessary energy only, but also performs the function of detoxification by the production of a
metabolite that participates in the following conjugation reaction:
A. Methylation
B. Sulfation
C. Hydroxylation
*D. Glucuronidation
E. Glycosylation
96.Find out the pair of enzymes providing the reciprocal control of carbohydrate metabolic pathways:
A. Hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphatase
B. Acetyl CoA carboxylase and pyruvate kinase
C. Branching and debranching enzymes
*D. Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase
E. Phosphohexose isomerase ang phosphotriose isomerase
97.A child has been diagnized for low blood glucose (hypoglycemia), enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), and
excess fat deposition in the cheeks. A liver biopsy reveals excess glycogen in hepatocytes. There is
hypothetically Pompe’s desease. Deficiency of which of the following enzymes might explain this
phenotype?
*A. Lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase
B. Amylo alpha-1,6 glucosidase (debranching enzyme)
C. Alpha-1,4-galactosidase
D. Glucosyl -4:6 transferase (branching enzyme)
E. Glucose 6-phosphatase
98.How glucocorticoids influence the carbohydrate metabolism?
A. Stimulate the glycolysis from glucose
B. Inhibit the glycogen phosphorolysis
*C. Stimulate the gluconeogenesis
D. Stimulate the glycogenesis
E. Stimulate the starch hydrolysis in the small intestine
99.The most important substances as a source of blood glucose after 48 hours of starvation are:
A. Muscle and liver glycogen
B. Fructose and galactose
C. Liver glucoseaminoglycans
*D. Amino acids
E. Fructose
100.The investigation of the blood and urine of patient with diabetes mellitus confirmed the hyperglycemia
and glucosuria states. Point the available value of glucose concentration in the blood plasma of this
patient:
A. 2,54 mmol/l
B. 4,89 mmol/l
*C. 9,32 mmol/l
D. 3,88 mmol/l
E. 6,55 mmol/l
101.Point out the main process maintaining the blood glucose level during fasting (8–12 hours from
person’s last meal):
A. Hexose monophosphate shunt
B. Glycolysis
C. Gluconeogenesis in the muscles
*D. Glycogenolysis in the liver
E. Glycogenolysis in the muscles
102.How does adrenalin influence the glucose level in the blood?
A. Decreases, inhibiting the glycolysis
*B. Increases, stimulating the glycogen destruction
C. Decreases, stimulating the gluconeogenesis
D. Does not influence
E. Decreases, inhibiting the glycogen synthesis
103.Glycogen polysaccharide is synthesized from the active form of glucose. The immediate donor of
glucose residues during the glycogenesis is:
*A. UDP-glucose
B. Glucose-1-phosphate
C. ADP-glucose
D. Glucose-3-phosphate
E. Glucose-6-phosphate
104.Choose the separation method for lipoproteins of the blood plasm:
A. Photocolorimetry method
B. Salting-out
*C. Electrophoresis
D. Extraction
E. Radioimmunal Assay
105.Certain drugs -caffeine and theophylline- inhibit phosphodiesterase activity catalyzing reaction cAMP->AMP. How will free fatty acid levels are altered in the blood after the drugs injection:
A. Will be not altered
B. Will be decreased simultaneously with glucose
*C. Will be increased
D. Will be decreased
E. Will be increased simultaneously with galactose
106.The largest reserve of energy in body is stored as:
A. Muscle glycogen
*B. Triacylglycerols in adipose tissue
C. Muscle protein
D. Liver glycogen
E. Blood glucose
107.Hormone-sensitive triacylglycerol lipase is activated in adipocytes under the emotional stress.
Choose the substance, whose concentration is increased in adipose tissue in this state:
*A. cAMP
B. AMP
C. Diacylglycerol
D. cGMP
E. Ca²⁺
108.Which statement is incorrect about phosphatidylcholine (PC)?
A. PC is an important component of the surface shell of plasma lipoproteins.
B. PC may be synthesized from phosphatidylserine or from diacylglycerol and CDP-choline.
C. PC together with phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine are major phospholipid
components of cell membranes.
D. PC can be hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 into lysolecithin and a fatty acid.
*E. PC participates in signal transmission via activated phospholipase C.
109.Which one of the following properties is not characteristic of LDL?
A. LDL have specific high affinity receptors in most cells
B. LDL contains more cholesteryl esters than triacylglycerols
C. LDL are more dense than chylomicrons
D. LDL is smaller than both VLDL and chylomicrones
*E. The major protein component of LDL is apoB-48
110.The liver requires a mechanism for producing phosphatidylcholine (PC) because it exports significant
amounts of PC in the bile and as component of serum lipoproteins. This mechanism includes three
methylation steps to produce PC from phosphatidylethanolamine. What is the methyl group donor for
methylation:
*A. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
B. Cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-choline)
C. N-guanosylmethionine (NGM)
D. Uridine diphosphate-methionine (UDP-methionine)
E. Homosycteine
111.Synthesis of phospholipids is disordered under the liver fat infiltration. Indicate which of the following
substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
A. Glucose
B. Citrate
*C. Methionine
D. Glycerol
E. Ascorbic acid
112.Point out the lipoprotein class transporting cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver:
A. LDL
B. VLDL
C. Cholesterol-albumin complex
D. Chylomicrones
*E. HDL
113.In electrophoresis which class of lipoproteins will least migrate from start-line:
*A. Chylomicrons
B. LDL
C. HDL
D. VLDL
E. IDL
114.Which of the following is an activator of LCAT (Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase)
*A. Apo AI
B. Apo E
C. Apo B 48
D. Apo B 100
E. Apo CII
115.In man the serum lipoprotein fraction with the highest free cholesterol content is:
A. Alpha-lipoprotein
B. Chylomicrons
*C. Beta-lipoprotein
D. Pre-beta-lipoprotein
E. Prealbumin
116.Name the condition in the liver cell causing the triacylglycerol synthesis:
A. The decrease of ATP/ADP ratio
B. The ketone bodies accumulation
*C. The accumulation of high fatty acids
D. The stimulation of protein degradation
E. The accumulation of carbon dioxide
117.Vitamin F is recommended in order to prevent the cholesterol deposition inside the blood vessels at
atherosclerosis. What lipid is the component of this vitamin?
A. Cholesterol
B. Cardiolipid
*C. Linoleic acid
D. Stearic acid
E. Sphingomyelin
118.If choline moiety is replaced by ethanolamine in glycerophospholipid the net product is:
A. Sphingomyelin
*B. Cephalin
C. Cerebroside
D. Plasmalogen
E. Cardiolipin
119.Free fatty acids are transported in circulation via:
*A. Albumins
B. Globulins
C. Chylomicrons
D. Triacylglycerols
E. HDL
120.Which is a lipotropic factor:
A. Alanine
*B. Choline
C. Carnitine
D. Glycerol
E. Insulin
121.Hormone sensitive triacylglycerol lipase is not activated by one hormone from following list. Point out
it.
A. None of above
B. Epinephrine
*C. Insulin
D. Glucagon
E. Norepinephrine
122.Which statement is a true for the comparison of phospholipids(PL) and triacylglycerols (TAG)?
A. PL contein a cyclic steroid ring, whilst triglycerides maintain a straight-chain form.
*B. PL molecules have a distinctly polar 'head' and a distinctly non-polar 'tail,' whilst triglycerides are
predominantly non-polar.
C. Both TAG and PL are the primary storage form for fats in our bodies.
D. Both molecules contain a phosphate group.
E. TAG may be saturated or unsaturated, but all fatty acids in PL structure are saturated
123.Blood plasma of patient with hyperlipoproteinemia type I remains milky even after a long fast due to
markedly elevated and persistent chylomicrons. What abnormality is possible in these patients?
A. Obstruction of the bile duct
B. Deficient pancreatic lipase
C. Deficient lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
*D. Deficient lipoprotein lipase
E. Defective synthesis of apoB-48
124.All of the following statements about LDL are true except:
A. It is a marker for cardiovascular disease
B. It contains apo B-100
C. 25% of its content is utilized in the liver
*D. It contains only one apoprotein
E. It delivers cholesterol to cells
125.What substance is not component of a lipoprotein:
A. Triacylglycerol
B. Cholesterol
C. Phospholipid
*D. Transferrin
E. Apoprotein
126.The lipids are transported by lipoproteins in the blood. Specify the lipoproteins that are formed in the
small intestine wall after high lipids intake:
A. IDL
*B. Chylomicrons
C. LDL
D. VLDL
E. HDL
127.Point out the enzyme used for lysophospholipid formation during lipolysis of glycerophospholipid:
A. Triacylglycerol lipase
B. Monoacylglycerol lipase
C. Diacylglycerol lipase
D. Phospholipase D
*E. Phospholipase A₂
128.Choose the organs or tissues where lipogenesis proceeds most intensively:
A. Skeletal Muscle
B. Brain, pancreas gland
C. Myocardium
D. Kidneys, adrenal gland
*E. Liver, Mammary gland
129.Humans cannot achieve a NET synthesis of glucose from C-even fatty acids due to the inability to
convert:
A. Acetyl-CoA to malonyl CoA
B. Methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA
*C. Acetyl-CoA to pyruvate
D. Acetyl-CoA to acetoacetate
E. Oxaloacetate to pyruvate
130.An experimental animal has been given excessive amount of carbon labeled glucose for a week. In
what compound can the label be found?
A. Methionine
B. Arachidonic acid
*C. Palmitic acid
D. Phenylalanine
E. Vitamin A
131.Point out the ketone body that is not utilized in human organism:
A. Beta-hydroxybutyrate
B. Acetoacetate
C. All the substances proposed
*D. Acetone
E. None of the substances proposed
132.Point out the terminal product in the last round of beta-oxidation of High Fatty Acids with odd number
of carbon atoms:
A. Butyryl - SCoA
*B. Propionyl - SCoA
C. Pyruvate
D. Acetoacetyl - SCoA
E. Malonyl - SCoA
133.Choose the allosteric activator of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (the key enzyme of HFA synthesis):
A. Malate
*B. Citrate
C. Oxaloacetate
D. Fumarate
E. Succinate
134.Point out the terminal product of beta-oxidation of Higher Fatty Acids (HFA) with even number of
carbon atoms:
A. Butiryl - SCoA
B. Propionyl-SCoA
*C. Acetyl-SCoA
D. Acetoacetyl - SCoA
E. Malonyl - SCoA
135.The energy yield by stearic acid oxidation is:
A. 96
*B. 146
C. 129
D. 12
E. 38
136.Choose the products for one round of stearic acid beta-oxidation:
A. 129 ATP
*B. 1 palmitoyl CoA, 1 acetyl CoA, 1 FADH₂, 1 NADH
C. 2 acetyl CoA, 2 FADH₂, 1 ATP
D. 1 Oleyl CoA, 12 ATP
E. 1 stearyl CoA, 1 acetyl CoA, 1 FADH₂, 1 NADH
137.Point out the process or reaction where acetone is formed as end- product:
A. Decarboxylation of beta-hydroxybutyric acid
B. Synthesis of HFA
*C. Decarboxylation of acetoacetic acid
D. Beta-oxidation of HFA
E. Condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules
138.There is a tissue hypoxia at myocardial ischemia in the patient. Name the process of lipid
metabolism, whose rate is reduced in the myocardium at this state:
A. Ketone body synthesis
*B. Beta-oxidation of high fatty acids
C. Cardiolipin synthesis
D. Phospholipid synthesis
E. Fat lipolysis
139.Point out the biological role of carnitine in cells:
A. The enzyme inhibitor
B. Allosteric activator of enzymes
C. The component of respiratory chain
D. Antioxidant
*E. Transporter of fatty acid across the mitochondrial membranes
140.A microsomal enzyme system is responsible for the formation of some unsaturated fatty acids. .Point
out an enzyme of the system:
A. Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase
B. Succinate coenzyme Q reductase
C. Cytochrome oxidase
D. NADH coenzyme Q reductase
*E. NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase
141.The removal of two-carbon units from a fatty acyl CoA involves four sequential reactions. Which of
the following reaction sequences is correct for the pathway of beta-oxidation:
A. Oxidation, dehydration, oxidation, cleavage
B. Hydrogenation, dehydration, hydrogenation, cleavage
C. Reduction, hydration, dehydrogenation, cleavage
D. Reduction, dehydration, reduction, cleavage
*E. Dehydrogenation, hydration, dehydrogenation, cleavage
142.Find out the main substrates for the use by elongase system during the formation of stearyl CoA from
palmitoyl CoA:
A. Acetyl CoA, NADH, palmitoyl CoA
B. Malonyl CoA, NADH, palmitoyl CoA
C. Glycerol, NADPH, palmitoyl CoA
*D. Malonyl CoA, NADPH, palmitoyl CoA
E. Acetyl CoA, NADPH, palmitoyl CoA
143.What compound production and utilization become more significant during starvation?
A. Uric acid
B. Triacylglycerols
C. Fatty acids
D. Glycogen
*E. Ketone bodies
144.Which of the following steps is involved in the formation of glucose from lipolysis product?
A. Glycerol from lipolysis is converted to triacylglycerols
B. Fatty acids from lipolysis are oxidized, producing FADH₂ and stimulating
gluconeogenesis
*C. 2 glycerols from lipolysis are phosphorylated, converted in a few steps to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate,
and eventually converted to glucose
D. Fatty acids from lipolysis are converted to glucose
E. 2 glycerols from lipolysis are taken up by liver cells and dimerized to fructose
145.Which of the following organs (tissues) cannot use ketone bodies:
*A. Liver
B. Brain
C. Myocardium
D. Skeletal muscle
E. Kidney
146.Point out the substrate for acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (beta-oxidation of HFA):
A. Beta-ketoacyl-SCoA
B. Acetyl-SCoA
*C. Butyryl-SCoA
D. Beta-hydroxyacyl-SCoA
E. Enoyl-SCoA
147.It is established, that beta-oxidation of high fatty acids is carried out by multienzyme complex in cells.
Choose the enzyme that is not the component of this complex:
A. Thiolase
*B. Aldolase
C. Enoyl – CoA - hydratase
D. Acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
E. 3-Hydroxy-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase
148.It is established, that the high fatty acid radical is lengthened in two carbon atoms by palmitate
synthetase complex action each cycle. Point out the donor of these two carbon atoms during the
synthesis:
A. Lauryl-CoA
B. Acetyl-CoA
C. Stearyl-CoA
D. Palmityl-CoA
*E. Malonyl-CoA
149.In uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid are produced in:
*A. Liver
B. Brain
C. Kidneys
D. Pancreas
E. Small intestine
150.A sportsman was recommended to take a medication that contains carnitine in order to improve his
results. What process is activated by carnitine the most?
A. Synthesis of steroid hormones
B. Tissue respiration
C. Synthesis of proteins
D. Synthesis of ketone bodies
*E. Fatty acids transport to mitochondria
151.The most important source of reducing equivalents (NADPH) for fatty acid synthesis in the liver is:
A. Oxidation of glucuronic acid
B. Glycolysis
C. The citric acid cycle
D. Oxidation of acetyl CoA
*E. The pentose phosphate pathway
152.Which of the following substances is immediate precursor of acetoacetate in pathway ketogenesis?
A. Beta-hydroxybutyryl CoA
*B. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl CoA
C. Acetyl CoA
D. Beta-hydroxybutyrate
E. Acetoacetyl CoA
153.A 1 y.o. child with symptoms of muscle affection was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed
carnitine deficiency in muscles. Biochemical base of this pathology is disturbed process of:
*A. Transporting of fatty acids to the matrix of mitochondria
B. Substrate phosphorylation
C. Actin and myosin synthesis
D. Regulation of Ca²⁺ level in mitochondria
E. Lactic acid utilization
154.Which of the following statements describes correctly ketone bodies?
A. They are most important nutrients for liver
B. They are accumulated in children with fatty acid oxidation disorders
C. They are produced by muscle but not by liver
*D. They include beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone
E. They are accumulated at diabetes mellitus after insulin therapy
155.The formation of the “active form” of a fatty acid is endergonic process in which the ATP energy is
consumed. But there is another necessary participant of the fatty acid activation. Choose it:
*A. CoASH
B. Succinyl CoA
C. Acetyl CoA
D. UTP
E. GTP
156.Acetyl CoA carboxylase is key enzyme in fatty acid synthesis. Point out the coenzyme of this
enzyme:
*A. Biotin
B. CoASH
C. NADH
D. Phosphopantetheine
E. FADH₂
157.Point out the cellular location of saturated HFA synthesis:
A. Mitochondrion
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
*C. Cytoplasm
D. Nucleus
E. Plasmolemma
158.In Niemann-Pick`s disease the following substances accumulate in CNS in excess levels:
A. Lysophosphingosides
B. Triacylglycerols
C. Cholesterol esters
D. Phosphoinositides
*E. Sphingomyelins
159.The analysis of the blood of the patient has revealed the considerable growth of VLDL and
autoimmune LDL levels. Specify the pathology that can be in the patient:
A. Acromegaly
B. Viral hepatitis
*C. Atherosclerosis
D. Phenylketonuria
E. Diabetes insipidus
160.Which of the following is found in conjugation with bile acids:
A. Pregnenolone
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Cholyl acetyl-CoA
*D. Glycine
E. Cholic acid
161.Find out pathological state associated with hypercholesterolemia in patient:
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Nephritic syndrome
C. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
*D. All the answers are right
E. Cholestasis
162.Point out the drug used for the decrease of cholesterol level in the blood of patients - allosteric
inhibitor for key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis:
A. Barbiturate
*B. Lovastatin
C. Antimicin A
D. Aspirin
E. Indomethacin
162.Choose the factor that can cause the 7-dehydrocholesterol conversion into vitamin D3 (in skin, only):
A. Hydroxylase action
B. The accumulation of cholesterol
C. Low levels of oxygen in the blood
*D. UV-light
E. Cytochrome P450
163.Choose the value of Cholesterol (LDL) + Cholesterol (VLDL)/ Cholesterol(HDL) ratio which is peculiar
to healthy people:
A. 0.5-1.0
*B. 2.0-2.5
C. 8.0-10.0
D. 6.0-8.0
E. 4.0-6.0
164.The patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of unconsciousness.
Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances, which accumulation in the blood
results in these manifestations:
A. Amines
B. Monosaccharides
*C. Ketone bodies
D. Cholesterol esters
E. High fatty acids
165.Cholesterol is the precursor for synthesis of all pointed below hormones except:
A. Cortisol
*B. Insulin
C. Aldosterone
D. Testosterone
E. Progesterone
166.Point out the hormone that decreases the rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue:
A. Somatotropin
B. Glucagon
*C. Insulin
D. Epinephrine
E. ACTH
167.The inhibition of one liver enzyme in cholesterol synthesis was after surplus intake of fat meat. Name
this enzyme:
A. Acetyl - CoA- acetyl transferase
B. Mevalonate kinase
C. Squalene oxygenase
D. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase
*E. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-glutaryl-CoA-reductase
168.A 67-year old male patient consumes eggs, pork fat, butter, milk and fatty meal. Blood test results:
cholesterol – 12,3 mmol/l, total lipids – 8,2 g/l, increased low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDL). What type
of hyperlipoproteinemia is observed in the patient?
A. Cholesterol, hyperlipoproteinemia
B. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb
C. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV
D. Hyperlipoproteinemia type I
*E. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa
169.Point out the atherogenic lipoproteins:
*A. Low density lipoproteins
B. Fatty acid-albumins complex
C. Nascent chylomicrones
D. Remnant chylomicrones
E. High density lipoproteins
170.Which of the following statements explains correctly metabolic alterations that are specific for
persons disposed to obesity beside people having standart weight?
A. Rate of fatty acid beta-oxidation is much less
*B. There is any genetic defect in leptin
C. Calorie intake is much less
D. Rate of Krebs cycle reactions is higher
E. Coupling of respiration with oxidative phosphorylation is much more
171.Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal pathology revealed accumulation of
great quantity of lipids in the lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance typical for?
A. Gout
*B. Tay-Sachs disease
C. Wilson disease
D. Galactosemia
E. Phenylketonuria
172.All hereinafter stated compounds are products of cholesterol catabolic conversion except one.
Choose it:
A. Mineralocorticoids
*B. Glucuronic acid
C. Glucocorticoids
D. Chenodeoxycholic acid
E. Cholic acid
173.What plasma lipoproteins, whose levels rise, are inversely correlated with atherosclerosis? :
A. Fatty acid-albumins complex
B. Remnant chylomicrones
*C. Low density lipoproteins
D. High density lipoproteins
E. Nascent chylomicrones
174.The rate limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis is:
A. HMG-CoA synthetase
B. HMG-Co-A reductase
*C. 7-Alpha hydroxylase
D. 7-Beta hydroxylase
E. Decarboxylase
175.One of the factors that cause obesity is the inhibition of fatty acids oxidation due to:
A. Excessive consumption of fatty foods
*B. Low level of carnitine
C. Impaired phospholipids synthesis
D. Lack of carbohydrates in the diet
E. Choline deficiency
176.Find out the coenzyme used in some reactions of cholesterol synthesis:
*A. NADPH
B. NADH
C. FAD
D. Biotin
E. Pyridoxal phosphate
177.The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol takes place:
A. It is not synthesized in mammals
B. In the intestine from cholecalciferol
*C. In the kidney from 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
D. In the skin under action of ultraviolet light from 7-dehydrocholesterol
E. In the liver from cholecalciferol
178.The enzyme system for cholesterol biosynthesis is located in the:
A. Cytosol and mitochodrial membrane
*B. Cytosol and EPR (smooth part)
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Plasma membrane
E. Mitochodrial matrix
179.All of the following statements regarding hypercholesterolemia (type IIa hyperlipidemia) are correct
except:
A. The blood serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels are high
B. It is due to a deficiency of LDL receptors
C. There is an increased risk of coronary artery disease
*D. The blood serum triacylglycerol levels are elevated
E. The blood serum cholesterol levels are increased
180.Which statement is not associated with situation of fat deposition?
A. Blood free fatty acid levels are elevated
B. Insulin secretion is increased
C. Lipoprotein lipase activity is increased
*D. Hormone sensitive triacylglycerol lipase activity is increased
E. Blood VLDL and chilomicrone levels are elevated
181.Choose the incorrect statement related to biological role of cholesterol:
A. It is precursor for bile salts
B. It is a structural component of membrane
C. It is precursor for glucocorticoids
D. It is precursor for sex hormones
E. It is an energy source for cells
182.Find out the vitamin derivative that is synthesized from cholesterol in humans:
A. Progesterone
B. Cholesterol ester
C. Testosterone
*D. 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
E. Estradiol
183.The main chemical compounds for cholesterol synthesis are:
A. Malonyl CoA, NADPH, ATP
B. Acetyl CoA, GTP, pantothenate
*C. Acetyl CoA, NADPH, ATP
D. Glycerol, phosphate, choline
E. Acyl CoA, carnitine, ATP
184.The liver is major site of cholesterol biosynthesis, although other tissues are also active in this
regard. The terminal products of cholesterol catabolism in the liver play the important role during lipids
intake in human organism Point out these products:
*A. Bile acids
B. Corticosteroids
C. Catecholamines
D. Cholanic acid
E. Acetyl - SCoA
185.Liebermann-Burchardt reaction is used for the identification of :
A. Glucose
*B. Cholesterol
C. Urea
D. Prostaglandins
E. Galactose
186.Choose the key metabolite that combines carbohydrates catabolic pathways with anabolic processes
in lipids metabolism:
*A. Acetyl~SCoA
B. Alanine
C. Serine
D. Mevalonate
E. Pyruvate
187.A 12-year old patient was found to have blood serum cholesterol at the rate of 25 mmol/l. The boy
has a history of hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia, which is caused by the impaired synthesis of the
following protein receptors to:
A. High density lipoproteins
B. Chylomicrons
C. Very low density lipoproteins
*D. Low density lipoproteins
E. Intermediate density lipoproteins
188.A patient underwent a course of treatment for atherosclerosis. Laboratory tests revealed an increase
in the anti-atherogenic lipoprotein fraction in the blood plasma. The treatment efficacy is confirmed by the
increase in:
A. Chylomicrons
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. IDL
*E. HDL
189.The best marker for dislipidemia is:
A. Serum cholesterol
B. Cholesterol/HDL
C. Cholesterol/TG
D. Blood cholesterol
*E. LDL/HDL
190.Gaucher`s disease is due to the accumulation of:
A. Sphingomyelin
B. Glucose
C. Galactose
*D. Glucocerebroside
E. Triacylglycerol
191.The conversion of cholesterol catalyzed by 7alpha-hydroxylase is inhibited by:
*A. Bile acids
B. Testosterone
C. Glycine and taurine
D. Calcitriol
E. Cortisol
192.One of the following is scavenger of cholesterol from tissue and prevents atherosclerosis:
A. Chylomicrons
B. Carnitine
*C. HDL
D. VLDL
E. LDL
193.Which of the following descriptions related to serotonin pathway isn’t correct?
A. The largest amount of serotonin is synthesized in the intestinal cells
B. Serotonin synthesis lowering in the brain causes depression
*C. The second enzyme of the pathway is biotin-dependent aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
D. The first enzyme of the pathway is tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylase
E. Serotonin is synthesized from thyptophan
194.An inhibitory mediator is formed by the decarboxylation of glutamate in the CNS. Name it:
A. Glutathione
B. Asparagine
C. Serotonine
D. Histamine
*E. GABA
195.The tested enzyme is related to the class of oxidoreductases and contains the coenzyme NADPH. It
takes part in the oxidative deamination of one of the amino acids and in the reductive amination of alpha–
ketoglutarate. Point out it:
A. D-Alanine oxidase
B. Alanine transaminase
*C. Glutamate dehydrogenase
D. Aspartate transaminase
E. Arginase
196.Choose the enzyme of the blood plasma whose activity increases in ten or more times for 3-4 hours
after myocardium infarction:
A. Alkaline phoshatase
B. Alanine transaminase
C. Leucine aminopeptidase
D. Aspartate transaminase
E. Arginase
197.Direct deamination is possible for two amino acids due to dehydratases (because of those amino
acids side chain hydroxyl group is a good leaving group). Point out the amino acids:
A. Glutamate, aspartate
B. Cysteine, methionine
C. Phenylalanine, tyrosine
*D. Serine, threonine
E. Arginine, histidine
198.Utilization of amino acids from the body pool is possible in all following ways except one. Choose it:
A. Biogenic amine formation
B. Glucose and ketone bodies synthesis
*C. Pyridoxal phosphate synthesis
D. Purines production
E. Porphyrins production
199.D-amino acid oxidase is important for the convertion of unnatural (for human body but regularly taken
in the diet from plants) D—amino acids to L-amino acids. What prosthetic group is non-protein part of the
enzyme?
*A. FAD
B. Pyridoxal phosphate
C. NADH
D. NADPH
E. TPP
200.The coenzyme that participates in transamination reaction is:
A. NADPH
B. Coenzyme Q
C. Coenzyme A
*D. Pyridoxal phosphate
E. Thiamine pyrophosphate
201.Point out the liver enzyme, which takes part in second step of transdeamination of amino acid:
A. L-Alanine oxidase
B. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
C. Tryptophan hydroxylase
D. Glutamate decarboxylase
*E. Glutamate dehydrogenase
202.The most important enzyme involved in oxidative deamination is:
*A. Glutamate dehydrogenase
B. Histidase
C. Amino acid dehydrase
D. L-amino acid oxidase
E. D-amino acid oxidase
203.The carbon skeletons of amino acids finally have one or more of the following fates except:
*A. Synthesis of urea
B. Synthesis of glucose
C. Synthesis of non-essential amino acids
D. Formation of fatty acid and ketone bodies
E. Oxidation via Krebs cycle to produce energy
204.Which of the following statements related to biological role of transamination is wrong?
A. Collection finally nitrogen in glutamate for subsequent deamination and urea synthesis
B. Production of non-essential amino acids
C. Redistribution of amino groups
D. Divergence the excess amino acids towards energy generation
*E. Formation of biogenic amines
205.Point out the vitamin, whose deficiency causes the violations in the transamination and
decarboxylation of amino acids:
A. Vitamin B₉
B. Vitamin B₁
*C. Vitamin B₆
D. Vitamin B₂
E. Vitamin C
206.Which of the following coenzymes serves as a non-protein part of amino acid decarboxylase?
A. Coenzyme A
B. NADPH
C. Biotin
D. NADH
*E. Pyridoxal phosphate
207.Which of the following descriptions related to serotonin pathway isn’t correct?
A. The first enzyme of the pathway is tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylase
B. The second enzyme of the pathway is pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aromatic amino acid
decarboxylase
C. The largest amount of serotonin is synthesized in the intestinal cells
D. Serotonin synthesis lowering in the brain causes depression
*E. Serotonin is synthesized from tyrosine
208.Glutamate decarboxylation results in the formation of inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it:
A. Glutathione
B. Serotonin
C. Histamine
*D. Gamma amino butyric acid
E. Asparagine
209.The entry point into the citric acid cycle for isoleucine, valine, and the product of odd-chain fatty acids
beta-oxidation is:
A. Oxaloacetate
B. Pyruvate
C. Fumarate
D. Citrate
*E. Succinyl CoA
210.Immediate products of pyruvate metabolism (using one reaction only) are all except:
A. Alanine
B. Lactate
C. Oxaloacetate
D. Acetyl-CoA
*E. 2-Phosphoglycerate
211.Point out the liver enzyme catalyzing the reversible oxidative deamination:
*A. Glutamate dehydrogenase
B. Alanine transaminase
C. Monoamino oxidase
D. Aspartate transaminase
E. Arginase
212.Point out the enzyme, whose activity is determined in the blood plasma during the unicteric period of
viral hepatitis:
*A. Alanine transaminase
B. Creatine phosphokinase
C. Glutamate dehydrogenase
D. Ornithine carbomoylphoshate transferase
E. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
213.Point out the glucogenic amino acids:
A. Serine
B. Aspartate
C. Alanine
D. Glutamate
*E. All the positions are right
214.A patient diagnosed with carcinoma of bowels was admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high
production of serotonin. It is known that this substance is formed of tryptophan amino acid. What
biochemical mechanism underlies this process?
A. Desamination
*B. Decarboxylation
C. Microsomal oxidation
D. Transamination
E. Formation of paired compounds
215.According to clinical indications a patient was administered pyridoxal phosphate. What process is this
medication intended to correct?
A. Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases.
B. Protein synthesis
C. Oxidative decarboxylation of ketoacids
D. Deamination of purine nucleotide
*E. Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
216.Name the ketogenic amino acids:
A. Alanine, arginine
B. Cysteine, glycine
*C. Leucine, lysine
D. Arginine, asparagine
E. Glutamate, aspartate
217.Most amino acids undergo transamination to concentrate finally nitrogen in two amino acids, only, for
subsequent urea formation. Choose these amino acids:
A. Lysine, proline
*B. Glutamate, aspartate
C. Arginine, histidine
D. Alanine, phenylalanine
E. Serine, tyrosine
218.Choose the enzyme, whose genetic defect results in the GABA (Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid) levels
decrease in the brain:
*A. Glutamate decarboxylase
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Tryptophan decarboxylase
D. Histidine decarboxylase
E. Alanine hydroxylase
219.Human Glutamate dehydrogenase is predominantly located in the:
A. Outer mitochondrial membrane
B. Cytosol
*C. Mitochondrial matrix
D. Inner mitochondrial membrane
E. Endoplasmic reticulum
220.Glutamate dehydrogenase is controlled by allosteric regulation. Point out the inhibitors of this
enzyme:
A. NADH, NADPH
B. NAD⁺, NADP⁺
*C. ATP, GTP
D. AMP, ADP
E. ADP, GDP
221.In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amine is formed that has powerful vasodilatation effect.
Name it:
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
*C. Histamine
D. Dioxyphenylalanine
E. Noradrenalin
222.It is known that the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme plays an important part in the metabolism of
catecholamine neurotransmitters. In what way this enzyme inactivates these neurotransmitters
(norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine)?
A. Carboxylation
B. Addition of an amino group
*C. Oxidative deamination
D. Hydrolysis
E. Removal of a methyl group
223.Nor-epinephrine is produced (in mammals) from:
A. Pyruvate
B. Tryptamine
*C. Tyrosine
D. Arginine
E. Tryptophan
224.A newborn child was found to have reduced intensity of sucking, frequent vomiting, hypotonia. Urine
and blood exhibit increased concentration of citrulline. What metabolic process is disturbed?
A. Glyconeogenesis
B. Cori cycle
C. Glycolysis
D. Tricarboxylic acid cycle
*E. Ornithinic (Urea) cycle
225.The child has the genetic defect of one enzyme. It was proved by the appearance of phenylpyruvate
in the urine. Point out this enzyme:
A. Glycine amidase
B. 5-tryptophan hydroxylase
C. Tyrosine hydroxylase
D. Proline hydroxylase
*E. Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase
226.If urine sample darkens on standing, most likely diagnosis for patient is:
*A. Alkaptonuria
B. Phenylketonuria
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Albinism
E. Maple syrup urine desease
227.Phenylketonuria is due to the absence of certain enzyme. Choose the reaction catalyzed by the
enzyme:
A. Homogentisic acid oxidation
B. Tyrosine deamination
C. Tyrosine iodination
*D. Phenylalanine hydroxylation
E. Conversion of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)
228.One of hereinafter stated compounds forms a connecting link between urea cycle and Krebs cycle
via oxaloacetate. Point out it:
A. Phenylalanine
B. Alanine
*C. Aspartate
D. Tryptophan
E. Glutamate
229.Albinism is due to the lack of special enzyme in melanocytes. Name it:
A. Homogentisate oxydase
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Tyrosine decarboxylase
*D. Tyrosinase
E. Kynureninase
230.Which of the following functions is not specific for glutathione:
A. It protects a cell against cytotoxic H₂O₂ being coenzyme of glutathione
peroxidase
B. It serves as coenzyme for certain enzymes e.g. prostaglandine PGE₂ synthase
*C. It serves as a storage and transport form of NH3
D. It prevents the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups of several proteins to disulfide groups
E. It is involved in the transport of amino acids across cellular membrane in the intestine and kidney
231.Albinism is due to deficiency of the following enzyme:
A. Tyrosine transaminase
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Tyrosine decarboxylase
D. Homohentisic acid oxidase
*E. Tyrosinase
232.Point out the pathology that is estimated in patients with genetic deficiency of dihydrobiopterin
reductase:
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Gout
C. Classic phenylketonuria
D. Ishemic heart disease
*E. Phenylketonuria type II
233.Choose the type of infringement in pathology named alkaptonuria:
A. The damage of receptor synthesis
B. The inhibition of amino acid formation
C. The viral damage of hepatocyte
*D. Genetic deficiency of enzyme
E. The renal insufficiency
234.Three biogenic amines are formed during the metabolism of tyrosine. Point out one of them:
A. Serotonin
B. Thiamine
*C. Adrenalin
D. Histamine
E. Thyroxin
235.The most direct precursor of taurine is:
A. Tyrosine
B. Glutathione
C. Glycine
D. Methionine
*E. Cysteine
236.N-acetylglutamate is activator for one enzyme involved in urea formation. Choose it:
A. Argino-succinate synthase
*B. Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I
C. Argino-succinase
D. Ornithine transcarbamoylase
E. Arginase
237.Name an amino acid which is precursor in the synthesis of some hormones in human body:
A. Alanine
*B. Tyrosine
C. Arginine
D. Serine
E. Lysine
238.Melanin may be synthesized from:
A. Tryptophan
*B. Phenylalanine
C. Serine
D. Cysteine
E. Methionine
239.A 4 y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis. Now there are such clinical symptoms as
vomiting, unconsciousness, fits. There is hyperammoniemia in patient, too. Disturbance of which
biochemical process caused such pathological condition of the patient?
A. Activation of amino acid decaboxylation
B. Inhibition of transamination enzymes
*C. Disturbed neutralization of ammonia in the liver
D. Increased putrefaction of proteins in bowels
E. Disturbed neutralization of biogenic amines
240.Citrullinemia accompanied with vomiting, mental retardation, convulsions. Which urea cycle enzyme
hereditary defect is a cause of mentioned disturbances?
A. Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I
B. Arginosuccinase
C. Arginase
D. Ornithine transcarbamoylase
*E. Arginosuccinate synthase
241.Alkaptonuria is due to the deficiency of one enzyme in human tissues. Choose it
A. Tyrosinase
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) decarboxylase
D. DOPA oxidase
*E. Homogentisate oxydase
242.After a serious viral infection a 3-year-old child has repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness,
convulsions. Examination revealed hyperammoniemia. What may have caused changes of biochemical
blood indexes of this child?
A. The increased putrefaction of proteins in intestines
B. Activated processes of amino acids decarboxylation
C. The inhibited activity of enzymes for transamination
D. Disorder of biogenic amines neutralization
*E. Disorder of ammonia neutralization in ornithine cycle
243.Choose the hormone that is formed from tryptophan:
*A. Melatonin
B. Thyroxin
C. Epinephrine
D. Histamine
E. Nor-epinephrine
244.Point out the coenzyme used for hydroxylases structure in phenylalanine and tyrosine conversions:
A. NADPH
B. Dihydrobiopterin
*C. Tetrahydrobiopterin
D. Biotin
E. FAD
245.Maple syrup urine disease is due to a defect in the enzyme complex which catalyzes oxidative
decarboxylation reaction and is similar to any other alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes in
composition. Some patients who exhibit the symptoms of this disease respond to therapeutic doses of
hereinafter stated vitamins. Point out it:
*A. Thiamine
B. Pyridoxine
C. Cobalamine
D. Biotin
E. Ascorbic acid
246.Cerebral trauma caused the increase of ammonia formation. What amino acid takes part in removal
of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
A. Valine
*B. Glutamic acid
C. Tryptophan
D. Lysine
E. Туrosine
247.Nappies of a newborn have dark spots that witness the presence of homogentisic acid oxidation
product. Choose the substance whose metabolic disorder is associated with accumulation of
homogentisic acid in the organism:
A. Cholesterol
*B. Tyrosine
C. Galactose
D. Methionine
E. Tryptophan
248.The amino acids required for the formation of glutathione are:
A. Glutamate, aspartate, arginine
*B. Glycine, cysteine, glutamate
C. Valine, leucine, isoleicine
D. Cysteine, methionine, proline
E. Serine, Tyrosine, tryptophan
249.Glycine is used for synthesis of:
*A. All the proposed options are correct
B. Hemoglobin
C. Glutathione
D. Purine
E. Creatine
250.Try to choose the index of blood plasma used for estimation of liver function in utilization of ammonia:
A. Uric acid concentration
*B. Urea content
C. Glucose concentration
D. Pyruvic acid content
E. Ketone bodies content
251.Point out the pathologic state that may be estimated in patients with genetic defect of Phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase:
A. Hypercholesterinemia
*B. Aminoaciduria
C. Glucosemia
D. Dislipoproteinemia
E. Hyperuricemia
252.A 4 y.o. child with signs of durative proteinic starvation was admitted to the hospital. The signs were
as follows: Growth inhibition, anemia, oedema, mental deficiency. Choose the cause of oedema
development:
*A. Reduced synthesis of albumins
B. Reduced synthesis of globulins
C. Reduced synthesis of glycoproteins
D. Reduced synthesis of lipoproteins
E. Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin
253.Which of the following compounds is not a catabolic product of tryptophan?
A. Melatonin
B. Tryptamine
C. Serotonin
*D. Melanin
E. Kynurenine
254.Choose the blood plasma index that is used in screening of newborn for phenylketonuria estimation:
A. Pyruvate
B. Acetoacetate
*C. Phenylalanine
D. Uric acid
E. Dihydroxyphenylalanine
255.Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate?
A. Two ATP may be consumed for its synthesis
B. This synthesis is catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthases
*C. Mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate synthase requires aspartate for its activity
D. It is the key reaction for urea formation
E. The nitrogen source can be either ammonia or glutamine
256.Albinos can't stand sun impact – they don't require sun-tan but get sunburns. Disturbed metabolism
of what amino acid underlies this phenomenon?
A. Methionine
B. Glutamic acid
C. Tryptophan
D. Histidine
*E. Phenylalanine
257.Point out the cofactor required for the tyrosine formation from phenylalanine:
A. Coenzyme A
*B. Tetrahydrobiopterin
C. Lipoic acid
D. Tetrahydrofolate
E. Coenzyme Q
258.The major source of ammonia in the kidneys is:
A. Aspartate
B. Glutamate
“?””
*C. Glutamine
D. Urea
E. Histidine
259.Point out the index of the blood plasma that is used for the estimation of liver parenchyma damage:
*A. Urea
B. Glucose
C. Free amino acids
D. Ca²⁺
E. Cholesterol ester
260.Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate?
A. It is the key reaction for urea formation
*B. This synthesis is catalyzed by ornithine transcarbamoylase
C. Two ATP may be consumed for its synthesis
D. It is mediated by different enzymes in the cytosol and mitochondria of the liver
E. The nitrogen source can be either ammonia or glutamine
261.A boy (of 10 years) complains of general weakness, dizziness, and tiredness. A mental retardation is
observed. A concentration of valine, leucine, isoleucine is high in blood and urine. Urine has a specific
odour. Name the probable diagnosis:
*A. Maple syrup urine disease
B. Histidinemia
C. Tyrosinemia
D. Basedow’s disease
E. Addison’s disease
262.Point out the enzyme whose deficiency causes the hyperammonemia state in patient:
A. L-Alanine oxidase
B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
C. Aspartate transaminase
*D. Ornithine transcarbamoylase
E. Arginine transaminase
263.Find out the main important pathway for ammonia utilization in the brain:
A. Amino acid decarboxylation
*B. Urea formation
C. Conversion into glucose
D. Ammonia salts formation
E. Synthesis of glutamine from alpha-ketoglutarate
264.The brain ammonia isn’t neutralized through the formation of urea. Name the terminal product of
ammonia neutralization in the brain:
A. Carbamoyl phosphate
B. Alanine
C. Urea
D. Aspartic acid
*E. Glutamine
265.Urea is produced by single enzyme. Point out it:
A. Uricase
B. Urease
C. Glutaminase
D. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
*E. Arginase
266.Maple syrup urine disease is due to deficiency of:
A. Decarboxylase
B. Dehydroxylase
C. Transaminase
*D. Alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
E. Deaminase
267.The urine of patient with alkaptonuria contains:
A. None of the above
B. Phenylalanine
C. Acetates
*D. Homogentisic acid
E. Ketones
268.Point out the vitamin derivative that may be synthesized from tryptophan:
*A. NADH
B. FMN
C. FAD
D. CoASH
E. Carboxybiotin
269.Which one of the following amino acids can be converted to an intermediate of either the Krebs cycle
or urea cycle?
A. Tyrosine
B. Tryptophan
C. Leucine
*D. Aspartate
E. Lysine
270.Xanthurenic acid is a product of metabolism of:
*A. Tryptophan
B. Uric acid
C. Xanthine
D. Glucuronic asid
E. Urea
271.Human red blood cells do not contain mitochondria. What is the main pathway for ATP production
in these cells?
A. Creatine kinase reaction
B. *Anaerobic glycolysis
C. Cyclase reaction
D. Aerobic glycolysis
E. Oxidative phosphorylation
272.A 67-year-old male patient consumes eggs, pork fat, butter, milk and meat. Bleed test results:
cholesterol – 12.3 mmol/l, total lipids – 8.2 g/l, increased low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDL). What
type of hyperlipoproteinemia is observed in the patient?
A. Hyporlipoproteinemia type I.
B. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV
C. Cholesterol, hyperlipoproteinemia
D. Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa
E. *Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb
273.Feces of the patient contain high amount of undissociated fats and have grayish-white color. Specify
the cause of this phenomenon:
A. Hypovitaminosis
B. *Obturation of bile duct
C. Irritation of intestinal epithelium
D. Enteritis
E. Hypoactivation of pepsin by hydrochloric acid
274.A 39-year-old female patient with a history of diabetes was hospitalized in a comatose state for
diabetic ketoacidosis. This condition had been caused by an increase of the following metabolite level:
A. Alpha-ketoglutarate
B. Citrate
C. *Acetoacetate
D. Malonate
E. Aspartate
275.It has been found out that one of pesticide components is sodium arsenate that blocks lipoic acid.
What enzyme activity is impaired by this pesticide?
A. Glutathione reductase
B. *Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
C. Glutathione peroxidase
D. Methemoglovin reductase
E. Microsomal oxidation
276.Those organisms which in the process of evolution failed to protection from H2O2 can exist only in
anaerobic conditions. Which of the following enzymes can break hydrogen peroxide down?
A. Oxygenase and hydroxylase
B. Oxygenase and catalase
C. Cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome b5
D. Flavin-dependent oxidase
E. *Peroxidase and catalase
277.A child has a history of hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, seizures, especially on an empty stomach, and
in stressful situations. The child is diagnosed with Gierke’s disease. This disease is caused by the generic
defect of the following enzyme:
A. Glucokinase
B. Glycogen phosphorulase
C. Amyloid-1,6-glycosidase
D. Phosphoglucomutase
E. *Glucose-6-phosphatase
278.Disruption of nerve fiber myelinogenesis causes neurological disorders and mental retardation.
These symptoms are typical for hereditary and acquired alterations in the metabolism of:
A. Phosphatidic acid
B. Cholesterol
C. *Sphingolipids
D. Neutral fats
E. Higher fatty acids
279.Prolonged fasting causes hypoglycemia which is amplified by alcohol consumption, as the following
process is inhibited:
A. Proteolysis
B. Glycogenolysis
C. *Gluconeogenesis
D. Lipolysis
E. Glycolysis
280.Steatosis is caused by the accumulation of triacylglycerols in hepatocytes. One of the mechanisms
of this disease development is a decrease in the utilization of VLDL neutral fat. What lipotropic factors
intake with food prevent the development of steatosis?
A. Valine, B3, B2
B. Arginine, B2, B3
C. Alanine B1, PP
D. *Methionine, B6, B12
E. Isoleucine, B1, B2
281.Examination of a 56-year-old female patient with a history of type 1 diabetes revealed a disorder of
protein metabolism that is manifested by aminoacidemia in the laboratory blood test values, and
clinically by the delayed wound healing and decreased synthesis of antibodies. Which of the following
mechanisms causes the development of aminoacidemia?
A. *Increased proteolysis
B. Decrease in the concentration of amino acids in blood
C. Albuminosis
D. Increase in the oncotic pressure in the blood plasma
E. Increase in low-density lipoprotein level
282.A patient with hereditary hyperammonemia due to a disorder of Ornithine cycle has developed
secondary orotaciduria. The increased synthesis of orotic acid is caused by an increase in the following
metabolite of Ornithine cycle:
A. *Carbamoyl phosphate
B. Citrulline
C. Argininosuccinate
D. Urea
E. Ornithine
283.A drycleaner’s worker has been found to have hepatic steatosis. This pathology may be caused by
the disruption of synthesis of the following substance:
A. *Phosphatidylcholine
B. Cholic acid
C. Tristearateglycerol
D. Urea
E. Phosphatidic acid
284.Pancreas is known as a missed gland. Endocrine functions include production of insulin by beta cells.
This hormone affects the metabolism of carbohydrates. What is its effect upon the activity of glycogen
phosphorylase (GP) and glycogen synthase (GS)?
A. It does not affect the activity of GP and GS
B. *It suppresses GP and stimulates GS
C. It stimulates GP and suppresses GS
D. It suppresses both GP and GS
E. It stimulates both GP and GS
285.In case of alkaptonuria, homogentisic acid is excreted in urine in large amounts. The development of
this disease is associated with a disorder of metabolism of the following amino acid:
A. Phenylalanine
B. Methionine
C. Asparagine
D. Alanine
E. *Tyrosine
286.Symptoms of pellagra (vitamin PP deficiency) is particularly pronounced in patients with low protein
diet, because nicotinamide precursor in humans is one of the essential amino acids, namely:
A. Lysine
B. Threonine
C. *Tryptophan
D. Arginine
E. Histidine
287.A patient has been admitted to the contagious isolation ward with signs of jaundice caused by
hepatitis virus. Which of the symptoms given below is strictly specific for hepatocellular jaundice?
A. Bilirubinuria
B. Cholemia
C. Heperbilirubinemia
D. *Increase of ALT, AST level
E. Urobilinuria
288.Decarboxylation of glutamate induces production of gamme-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
neurotransmitter. After breakdown, GABA is converted into a metabolite of the Citric acid cycle, that is:
A. Fumarate
B. *Succinate
C. Oxaloacetate
D. Malate
E. Citric acid
289.Increased HDL levels decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. What is the mechanism of HDL
anti-atherogenic action?
A. They activate the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids
B. They are involved in the breakdown of cholesterol
C. They promote absorption of cholesterol in the intestine
D. They supply tissues with cholesterol
E. *They remove cholesterol from tissues