5th Grade Comprehensive Science 1 - Baseline Assessment
SC.5.N.1.1
Delilah followed these steps of an investigation:
• Collect five objects made of different types of metal.
• Place them on a large laboratory table.
• Touch each metal object with a magnet and lift slowly.
• Record observations.
Which of the following statements is Delilah most likely testing?
A. All types of metal are attracted to magnets.
B. Each magnet can lift the metal object to the same height.
C. Larger magnets can pick up heavier metal objects than smaller magnets can.
D. Heavier metal objects are more attracted to magnets than lighter metal objects are.
South American Cat Main Food Source
Special Behaviors
Appearance
Jaguar
Monkeys, wild pigs Good swimmer and climber Big cat with spots
Ocelot
Parrots, rodents
Lives in hollow trees
Small spotted cat
Kodkod
Fish, frogs
Very good swimmer
Flat head, brown
Pampas cat
Rabbits, locusts
Good stalking hunter
Golden brown, striped
Margay
Rodents, insects
Good leaper
Small blotched cat
Using the data in the table, which species of South American cats is likely to be well-adapted to the arid
grasslands of Argentina and Chile?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Kodkod
Jaguar
Ocelot
Pampas cat
SC.5.N.1.2
Matthew wants to study and research the different fossils found in the many layers of rock at the Grand Canyon in Arizona.
Which method would allow Matthew to successfully conduct this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Interview
Case Study
Field Study
Controlled Experiment
Carlos reviewed the data on water use in the United States. Carlos wanted to help conserve water so he and his father fixed
all the leaks in the house and garage. Carlos hypothesized that if they fixed their leaks, they would not use as much water as
before. What MUST Carlos do to make this a real experiment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Determine his independent (manipulated variable).
Draw a conclusion from the graph
Collect analyze data before and after the leaks are fixed
Make a prediction about the amount of water used before fixing the leaks
SC.5.N.1.3
Jeanette was conducting an experiment to determine if plants grow better when exposed to rap music. She
bought two identical plants and exposed one to rap music for two weeks while the other grew without music. From
the data, Jeanette determined that plants do not grow better with rap music. Which of these would explain why
Jeanette's conclusion may not be valid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
There was no control group
She never formulated a question
The experiment could never be repeated
She should have tested more than two plants
Josh was experimenting with an unknown metal. He decided to find its density by measuring its mass with a
balance and then the metal's volume by water displacement in a graduated cylinder. The lab was quite crowded
that day, so Josh used a different balance each trial. He found that after running several trials the density varied
slightly. Josh decided that the varied results were due to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Human error
Changes in the Earth’s magnetic field
Errors in reading the graduated cylinder
Balances with different levels of precision
SC.5.N.1.4
In a recent experiment, anti-bacterial hand sanitizer was compared to hand soap. Students washed their hands
using the sanitizer or soap and warm water for two minutes; then they dried their hands with a paper towel. The
standard of comparison was rubbing hands vigorously for 2 minutes in warm water, without any soap or sanitizer,
and then drying with a paper towel. The sanitizer advertisement claimed to kill bacteria more effectively than any
soap. After washing, hands were swabbed and then the swab applied to a culture plate and incubated. Finally, the
bacterial cultures were counted. Students using the antibacterial sanitizer had the lowest bacterial culture count.
What is the control in the experiment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Washing with soap
Rubbing vigorously
The time: two minutes
Rubbing hands in warm water
A biology student is studying ways to grow crops in soils that are high in salts and other dissolved solids. To
determine whether corn plants can tolerate salty soil conditions, she grows 50 corn plants in typical garden soil
and 50 corn plants in the same garden soil plus 0.01 kilograms of salt. After 6 weeks of growth, the corn plants
grown in salty soil were the same mass and height as the corn plants grown in non-salty garden soil. The student
concluded that salt had no effect on the growth of corn.
What is the control in this experiment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sunlight and water
6-week growing period
50 corn plants grown in a typical garden soil
50 corn plants grown in soil containing 0.01 kg salt
SC.5.N.1.5
Jayden, Eric, and Mark are in science class. They want to know what type of soil is best for growing seeds. Each
boy has three cups of soil: one sand, one clay, and one peat. They plant a seed in each cup. For two weeks, they
care for the seeds in the same way and record what they observe. At the end, the teacher asks them to meet to
compare their results.
Why would the teacher ask the students to meet to compare their results?
A.
B.
C.
D.
So, they can copy each other’s work
So, they can discuss their evidence
SO, they can all have the same answer
So, they can decide whose work is best
Container A
Container B
Container C
Pour 1
12 mL
12 mL
12 mL
Pour 2
12 mL
12 mL
12 mL
Pour 3
12 mL
12 mL
12 mL
Pour 4
8 mL
5 mL
9 mL
Total Amount Poured
44 mL
41 mL
43 mL
John did an experiment to see which container held the most water. John poured the water out of three containers
and measured the water as he poured. He continued until the containers were empty. He made a chart of how
much water he poured each time. Then he added, found the total amount of water poured from each container.
He used the totals to determine which container held the most water. He decided that container A held the most
water. John was wrong.
What could john have done to reach the right conclusion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
He could have had someone check his work
He could have taken the temperature of the water
He could have used four containers instead of three
He could have asked someone to pour the water for him
SC.5.N.1.6
Favorite Lunch Number of Students
Pizza
32
Hotdogs
16
Hamburgers
34
Sam surveyed 82 of his classmates to determine if hamburgers, hotdogs or pizza was the favorite lunch at his
school. His data is recorded in the table above.
After evaluating the results, Sam's conclusion was _______________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pizza is the favorite lunch
Hamburgers are the favorite lunch
Hotdogs are twice as popular as pizza
No conclusion can be made from the data
Number at the
Organisms Beginning of
the Year
Rabbits
40
Bears
2
Foxes
25
Sparrows
30
Robins
20
Carrie's science class set out motion activated cameras throughout the school yard. For one month, they
recorded the animals they saw and counted that data as their beginning count. You can see their count in the
table. What is a reasonable explanation for the low number of bears that visited the school yard?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Bears do not like school yards
Hat area could only support 2 large bears
Bears do not normally live in this area of the state
The other animals, especially the fox, scared the bears off.
SC.5.N.2.1
Plant
Mass of Plant
Amount of
after 3 Weeks (kg) Fertilizer (grams)
1
0.2
0
2
0.4
2
3
1.2
3
4
1.0
4
Died
5
5
A.
B.
C.
D.
Jimmy and Karen conducted an experiment
comparing tomato plant growth and the
amount of fertilizer applied to each plant. The
plants were kept in the same location,
received the same amount of water, and the
pots contained the same type of soil. They
concluded that the more fertilizer they applied,
the better the plant growth. What comment
would you make about their conclusion?
The conclusion matched the data
They should omit the data for plant 5 and keep their original conclusion
A better conclusion would be that fertilizer amount had no effect on plant growth
The highest fertilize rate resulted in a dead plant; they should change their conclusions
After reviewing the results of your science fair project, you state that water has increased the growth of fungi. This
is a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Analysis
Conclusion
Experiment
Hypothesis
SC.5.N.2.2
Rashan is performing an investigation using several earthworms. He places a rectangular box under a bright lamp and
covers one-half of the box so that it is shaded. Then, he puts the earthworms into the box on the side that is still brightly lit.
Later, Rashan notices that all the earthworms have crawled over to the shaded side of the box. Based on his investigation,
which of the following is an observation and NOT an opinion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Earthworms are afraid of light.
Earthworms like staying together.
Earthworms move away from light.
Earthworms like living in the ground.
Joe and Angie have the same math grades. Joe and Angie wondered if studying while listening to music might
affect their grades. Joe listened to music while he studied while Angie studied in silence. After two weeks, they
took the same math test and Joe scored higher than Angie. They concluded that listening to music will improve
grades. What comment would you make to Joe and Angie about their experiment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They should have tested more people
Joe was already better at math than Angie
This topic has already been studied before
They should have chosen a different subject besides math
SC.5.P.10.1
Maria’s father started a fire in the fireplace. He crumpled some paper, lit a match, and soon the logs in the
fireplace were burning. In this case, the stored chemical energy in the logs was changed into:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Electrical energy
Mechanical energy
Heat and light energy
Electrical and heat energy
An example of friction being converted into heat energy is.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The sun
A generator
A candy bar
Rubbing your hands together
SC.5.P.10.2
Which set of items listed can be arranged to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Motor, iron, wire
Magnet, wire, iron
Battery, wire, iron
Battery, magnet heat
Jack pushed and pushed, but no matter how hard he tried, the refrigerator would not budge! What is the BEST
explanation of what happened?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Jack exerted a force and did work
Jack had not energy and did no work
Jack used all his potential energy to do work.
The refrigerator did not move, so no work was done
SC.5.P.10.3
You rub a balloon on your head and it becomes negatively charged. The balloon will be MOST attracted to what?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A piece of metal
Positively charged hair
The neutrally charged wall
Another negatively charged balloon
Which is an example of gaining a static charge by conduction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rubbing a balloon against your hair
Shuffling your shoes across a carpet
Bringing a charged rod near an electroscope
Touching your car on a cold day
SC.5.P.10.4
Which statement is TRUE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Energy can be created or destroyed
Electrical energy is created from other forms of energy
Energy in a battery makes new energy called electrical energy
Stored energy in a battery can be transformed into electrical energy’’
Jenna built a completed electrical circuit. Jenna’s circuit illustrates what energy transformation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Electrical energy decreases over time
Electrical energy does not affect heat or light
Electrical energy can have transformed only into light
Electrical energy can be transformed into both heat and light
SC.5.P.11.1
What part of a circuit conducts electricity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Wire
Switch
Battery
Light bulb
When a television is turned on, it converts electrical energy into many other forms of energy. Which set of words
correctly lists MOST of these forms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sound and heat
Sound and light
Light, sound and heat
Light, sound and electricity
SC.5.P.11.2
Why does a metal spoon left on a bowl of hot soup become warm?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Metal is a conductor
Metal is an insulator
Metal produces its own heat
Metal heats up from magnetism
Fiberglass, an insulator, can be found in the walls and roofs of some houses and buildings. Why would an
insulator be needed inside of buildings in the winter?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It makes the building pretty
It keeps the head inside of the building
It keeps the heat outside of the building
It keeps the cool air inside of the building
SC.5.P.13.1
Two classes of students line up for a tug of war. If both classes have the same number of students on a team,
what other factor is very important so one team can win?
A. Total mass of each teams
B. Condition of the ground
C. Age of the students on each team
D. Height of students of each team
When Jackson throws a baseball in a straight path, what two forces cause the ball to eventually stop moving?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gravity and friction
Mass and ground force
Wind resistance and mass
Negative acceleration and gravity
SC.5.P.13.2
Why does a skydiver accelerate as she falls to the earth before opening her chute?
A. Because she loses mass during her travel
B. Because she gets further from the airplane
C. Because the force of the earth pulls on her
D. Because fewer forces are present to slow her down as she drops
A car rolls down a ramp. What is the force acting on the car that causes the movement down the ramp?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Acceleration
Centripetal
Friction
Gravity
SC.5.P.13.3
You hop on the carousel horse. The attendant flips the switch and you move up and down, around and around.
When the ride ends, the attendant again flips the switch. The up and down motion stops, as you continue to move
in a circular motion, gradually slowing to a stop. Why?
A.
B.
C.
D.
All the mechanical energy of the carousel is lost
All the kinetic energy is converted to potential energy
The external energy source overcomes the internal energy of the carousel
Mechanical systems need an external energy source to maintain their motion
The image above shows two opposite forces acting on a rolling cart, what can we say is true about the effect of
the forces on the cart?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It cannot be determined without knowing which man is stronger
It cannot be determined because one man is taller than the other
Th forces are unbalanced, and net force on the cart movie it to the left
The forces are unbalanced, and net force on the cart moves it to the right.
SC.5.P.13.4
What must occur to a shopping cart at rest in order to make it roll forward?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A force must be provided to overcome gravity
Balanced forces much be actin upon the cart
An unbalanced force applied to the cart pushing or pulling it forward
The unbalanced force acting upon it must be smaller than that of friction
When a moving object is acted on by unbalanced forces, the object will.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Stop moving
Move in unpredictable patterns
Move in the same direction as the stronger force
Move in the direction opposite the stronger force
SC.5.P.8.1
Based on the data presented in the Venn Diagram, circle B MOST LIKELY represents the __________ phase.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gas
Liquid
Plasma
Solid
When the burner in a hot air balloon is turned on, the temperature of the air in the balloon ________ causing its
volume to _________ and the balloon _________.
Decreases, expand, sink
Increases, expand, rise
Decreases, contract, rise
Increases, contract, sink
a.
b.
c.
d.
SC.5.P.8.2
Usually, when the particle size is decreased, what will happen to the rate of dissolving?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It will stop
It will increase
It will decrease
It will remain constant
Adding powdered Gatorade to water makes a tasty, hydrating solution. What is the solvent in this example?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Water
Salt
Gatorade liquid
Gatorade powder
SC.5.P.8.3
Which is an example of a mixture that can be separated using a filter and a funnel?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Kool aid
Coca cola
Salt water
Sand and water
Properties of Several Elements and Compounds
Name
Properties
Sodium chloride NaCl solid crystal structure; white; dissolves in water
Water H2O
liquid; colorless; odorless
Oxygen O2
gas; very reactive; explosive near open flame
Iron Fe
Aluminum Al
solid; dark gray; luster; magnetic metal
solid; silver; luster; bends easily; not magnetic
Carol accidentally dropped a container of salt, sodium chloride into a container of a dark gray metal. Carol knows
that the salt will dissolve in water, but she is afraid to pour water over the mixture. On a hunch, she takes a
magnet and runs it through the mixture. The gray substance is attracted to the magnet and she is able to separate
the two solids. What is the gray substance in the container?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Iron
Copper
Aluminum
Sodium chloride
SC.5.P.8.4
The simplest form of all matter are small particles called?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Atoms
Cells
Elements
Molecules
Describe the composition of the nucleus of an atom.
A.
B.
C.
D.
It’s composed of electrons and protons
It’s composed of protons and neutrons
It’s composed of electrons and neutrons
It’s composed of electrons, protons and neutrons
SC.4.E.5.4
Claire created a model to study the day and night cycle of Earth as shown here. What causes different points on
the globe to receive light at different times, explaining the day and night cycle of Earth?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The rotation of the lamp
The rotation of the globe
The revolution of the lamp
The revolution of the globe
When the Sun is completely blocked out by the Moon a ________________ occurs.
A.
B.
C.
D.
A total solar eclipse
A partial solar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse
SC.4.E.6.2
Rocks are composed of different kinds of?
A. Soil
B. Minerals
C. Sands
D. Water crystals
Muscovite breaks along a single plane to form flat sheets. This tendency to break along smooth planes is called?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Facture
Cleavage
Hardness
Streak
SC.4.E.6.3
When deforestation occurs in an area, what immediate effect does this have on the water cycle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
More water is returned to the atmosphere
There is less runoff water, but more transpiration
More precipitation is formed, because there is more evaporation
More runoff water is created, and less is returned to the atmosphere
Scientists previously referred to the long-ago deposited plant and animal remains, now buried, compacted, and
transformed into coal and oil, as the dead-end of the carbon cycle. Since the Industrial Revolution, that would be
an inaccurate statement. Why?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The carbon found in coal and oil is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
Factories burning coal and oil deposit industrial wastes that add carbon back to the environment
The carbon stored in the coal and oil combines with water in the atmosphere and falls back to earth
The combustion of coal and oil releases nitrogen by-products into the environment to be used again by man
SC.4.E.6.4
How do wind and water change rocks over time?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They add minerals to rocks
They change the shape of rocks
They increase the mass of the rocks
They build up the rocks with small sand particles
In Utah’s Arches National Park, we can see many interesting shapes like this one. Many different things helped to
shape this arch: earthquakes, rivers, freezing water, and wind. Only one of these made the surface of the arch
smooth and rounded. That was
A.
B.
C.
D.
Earthquakes
Strong winds
Water freezing in the cracks
A river running through the rocks
SC.5.E.5.1
Galaxy, Star, Star System, Universe
Order the terms above from smallest to largest.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Star, star system, galaxy, universe
Galaxy, star, star system, universe
Star, star system, universe, galaxy
Star system, star, universe, galaxy
Which statement about the Milky Way is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It is the only galaxy
It is one of two galaxies
It is one of ten galaxies
It is one of many galaxies
SC.5.E.5.2
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune: what is one reason why life probably does not exist on these four planets?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They have no gravity
They are gas planets
They are giant planets
They are the rocky planets
Inner Planets - Elementary
Planet
Mercury
Venus
distance from Sun (mil miles)
36
67.2
Earth
93
Mars
141.6
Based on the information in the table, which inner planet is closest to the Sun?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Earth
Mars
Mercury
Venus
SC.5.E.5.3
Which of these is NOT large and gaseous?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Jupiter
Mercury
Saturn
Venus
Select the pair of bodies which are most alike in composition and size.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Earth and Venus
Meteor and Comet
Earth and Neptune
Asteroid and Comet
SC.5.E.7.1
According to the diagram of the water cycle, what happens to the water in the oceans before it becomes water in
the atmosphere?
A. It evaporates
B. It becomes liquid
C. It is sent to the sun
D. It turns into precipitation
Without heat from the Sun, the water cycle would?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Reverse
Not work
Slow down
Not be affected
SC.5.E.7.2
Precipitation moves down into the soil and becomes groundwater. Groundwater that travels into the saturated soil
zone becomes part of?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Aquifer
Oceans
Precipitation
Surface runoff
Water in the oceans, rivers, and lakes turns to water vapor. This process is called ___________ and requires
heat energy from the Sun.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Condensation
Evaporation
Precipitation
Transpiration
SC.5.E.7.3
When air warms up, it causes water vapor to form. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is called?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Clouds
Humidity
Dew point
Air pressure
Barometers have long been used to predict the weather. Jay and Jeff were responsible for recording the class
weather data each day in March. This particular morning, they tapped the barometer and noticed that the indicator
needle did not move. What clue did the barometer give the boys about the up-coming weather?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The stillness means a tornado is approaching
A severe low pressure is coming and brining a storm
The Barometer holding steady means low pressure is slowly approaching
The barometer holding steady means present conditions should continue
SC.5.E.7.4
Why is rain likely when warm, moisture-laden air meets cold air?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The lighter warm air will rise and cool down, causing condensation and rain
The cold air moves faster and pushes the warm air away, causing condensation and rain
The moisture in the warm air condenses on contact with cold air, causing rain to fall
The cold air mixes with the warm air, reducing its temperature causing moisture to condense
Clouds are made up of water droplets. When water droplets become too heavy, gravity causes the droplets to fall
from the clouds. What is the name for water droplets that fall from clouds?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Condensation
Dew
Evaporation
Precipitation
SC.5.E.7.5
Why does a desert have a dramatic change in temperature during the day and at night? Because
A.
B.
C.
D.
Of the lack of water
Of the lack of vegetation
Sand is such a poor insulator
Of the lack of nitrogen in the soil
Warm, moist air from over the ocean moves inland over a city. The moving air mass is blocked by a mountain
range. Which type of weather is MOST LIKELY to occur as the warm, moist air meets the mountains?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rain
Snow
Sunny skies
Low humidity
SC.5.E.7.6
Why are coastal areas cooler during the day than inland areas?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It rains during the day in coastal areas
A cool breeze blows from the sea during the day
Coastal areas experience storms every other day
The sea absorbs the heat of the air over coastal areas
How would the global climate be different if more of Earth was covered by land than water?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The climate would be more extreme than it is today
There would be no winds in the northern hemisphere
The climate would be more moderate than it is today
There would be no rainfall in the northern hemisphere
SC.5.E.7.7
We were thinking something like this: The catastrophic event shown in this picture formed over water, produced
high winds and heavy rains, and brought a large storm surge to New Orleans. The natural disaster displayed in
this picture is a.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Volcano
Hurricane
Tornado
Continental drift
Kiara’s family is writing an emergency preparedness plan for a house fire. Which of these ideas would most
likely be discussed as her family creates their plan?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Go to the basement and stay away from the windows
Choose a family meeting place at a safe distance from the home
Keep a stockpile of water and canned goods to last for two weeks
Bring in outdoor furniture and move important items to the highest floor of the house
SC.3.L.14.1
Many flowering plants have very colorful petals like the lily seen here. What is the main purpose of these colorful
petals?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Protect the plant from predators
To capture sunlight for photosynthesis
To distract birds from eating seeds
To attract pollinators
Plant cells - chloroplast - chlorophyll. All are needed for photosynthesis. Where does most of the photosynthesis
take place in the plant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Flower
Fruits
Leaves
Stem
SC.4.L.16.4
Metamorphosis is an important process in the reproduction of which type of animal?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Birds
Insects
Mammals
Reptiles
With only a few exceptions, what vertebrate class does not expel an egg or eggs from its body to develop outside
the body of the mother?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Aves
Amphibia
Reptilia
Mammalia
SC.4.L.17.3
Each autumn, the forest floor is covered by leaves that have fallen from trees. Which type of organism is MOST
effective in decomposing the leaf tissue, allowing the nutrients and minerals to be recycled in the environment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Animals
Bacteria
Omnivores
Plants
Organisms that eat both producers and consumers are called?
A. Detritivores
B. Herbivores
C. Omnivores
D. Predators
SC.5.L.14.1
Gills, Lungs and Skin
These 3 organs may be classified as organs of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Excretion
Locomotion
Respiration
The nervous system
The major organ of the circulatory system, the heart, does what?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Removes bodily waste
Pumps blood throughout the body
Carries oxygen throughout the body
Transmits impulses throughout the body
SC.5.L.14.2
Which of these animals is classified as vertebrate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Crab
Lizard
Spider
Snail
Which statement is true about invertebrates?
A. They have an endoskeleton
B. They reproduce only asexually
C. They are all aquatic
D. They all require oxygen
SC.5.L.17.1
In the warm southwest United States rabbits are brown and have long ears. In polar regions rabbits are white and
have shorter ears. Why do rabbits from polar regions have white fur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The white fur is more attractive
The white fur camouflages them in the snow
The white fur reflects more light warming the rabbit
The white fur makes the rabbits standout in the snow
The days are getting shorter and the temperature is dropping. The squirrel responds to these cues by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Migrating
Hibernating
Shedding fur
Gathering food
SC.5.L.17.3
What do the grasshopper, toad, and snake have in common?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They are all producers
They are all consumers
They are all scavengers
They are all decomposers
Which organisms feed on the remains of dead plants and animals?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Omnivores
Herbivores
Carnivores
Decomposers