SCH4C student inquiry for nomenclature
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NOMENCLATURE INQUIRY Nomenclature refers to a system we use to determine the chemical formulas and chemical names of different compounds. We use the rules from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (or IUPAC) for determining chemical formulas and names. These sets of activities will get you in the habit of looking for patterns in what you are learning, which is an excellent way to support a deeper learning and better understanding of the material. To that point, please do not use textbooks or the internet to help you answer the following questions so that you can improve your ability to make connections Activity One: Binary Ionic Compounds Composed of Main Group Elements This activity focuses on the nomenclature rules for ionic compounds composed of two different elements including one metal and one nonmetal. All of the compounds listed below are composed of main group elements, which are those located in groups I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII on the periodic table. Step 1: Noticing Patterns Consider the following group of formulas and their corresponding names. Examine the formulas and names carefully to identify patterns associated with naming compounds. Hint:To determine patterns in the chemical formulas, consider the starting charges of each ion. Chemical Formula Chemical Name NaBr sodium bromide AlP aluminum phosphide CaF2 calcium fluoride K2O potassium oxide Mg3N2 magnesium nitride Write down the patterns you observe in the both the chemical formula and written form for the compounds above: ● What do all the chemical formulas have in common? Consider where the subscripts for each element come from. ● What do all the written forms have in common? Step 2: The Rules Use the patterns you observed to construct a set of rules for the nomenclature of binary ionic compound composed of main group elements. Write these rules below. 1) Rule for determining the chemical formula: 2) Rule for determining the chemical name: Step 3: Applying the Rules A) Use the rules you have determined above to write the formulas of the following binary ionic compounds. calcium chloride - potassium fluoride - aluminum oxide - rubidium selenide - magnesium sulfide - cesium nitride - lithium phosphide - barium iodide - B) Use the rules you have determined to write the names of the following binary ionic compounds. SrCl2 - BaO Na2S - Cs3N - LiI - - MgF2 - K3P - CaSe - Activity Two: Binary Ionic Compounds Containing Variably Charged Cations The compounds examined in Activity One contained metals that were main group elements, and only had one possible. However, there are numerous metals that are capable of possessing more than one possible charge as a cation. Step 1: Observing the Patterns Consider the following group of formulas and their corresponding names. Examine the formulas and names carefully to identify patterns associated with naming compounds. Use only a periodic table as a reference but no other outside resources, such as your textbook or the Internet. Fe2O3 iron (III) oxide PbCl2 lead (II) chloride FeO iron (II) oxide CuS copper (II) sulfur SnF2 tin (II) fluoride Cu2S copper (I) sulfur HgBr2 mercury (II) bromide HgBr mercury (I) bromide Write down the patterns you observe in the both the chemical formula and written form for the compounds above. These patterns will later be used to establish the rules by which these compounds were named. ● What do all the chemical formulas have in common? Consider where the subscripts for each element come from. ● What do all the written forms have in common? Step 2: The Rules Use the patterns you observed to construct a set of rules for the nomenclature of all binary ionic compounds. Write these rules below. 1) Rule for determining the chemical formula: 2) Rule for determining the chemical name: Step 3: Applying the Rules A) Use the rules you have determined above and those from Activity One to write the formulas of the following binary ionic compounds. cobalt(III) oxide - iron(III) chloride - copper(II) bromide - lithium arsenide - chromium(III) sulfide - lead(IV) iodide - potassium nitride - iron(II) phosphide - B) Use the rules you have determined above, and those from Activity One, to write the names of the following binary ionic compounds. You can watch a video on how to determine charge from the chemical formula MnF2 - Ni3P2 - PbO2 - Cu4C - Sn3P4 - Cu2C - PbS - CuSe - Activity Three: Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions The chemical nomenclature system was introduced in Activity One and further developed in Activity Two. Both of these activities limited themselves to ionic compounds composed only of two elements, or binary ionic compounds. Activity Three introduces polyatomic ions, or ions containing two or more atoms covalently bonded and bearing a charge. Here is a list of common polyatomic ions. You will need to memorize the ones that are bolded: ammonium sulfate phosphate hydroxide bromate chromate thiosulfate cyanide (NH4)1+ (SO4)2(PO4)3(OH)1(BrO3)1(CrO4)2(S2O3)2(CN)1- nitrate (NO3)1carbonate (CO3)2acetate (C2H3O2)1chlorate (ClO3)1iodate (IO3)1dichromate (Cr2O7)2manganate (MnO4)2hydrogen carbonate (HCO3)1- Step 1: Observing the Patterns Consider the following group of formulas and their corresponding names. Examine the formulas and names carefully to identify patterns associated with naming compounds. Use only a periodic table as a reference but no other outside resources, such as your textbook or the Internet. (NH4)2S ammonium sulfide CoSO4 cobalt (II) sulfate Fe(OH)3 iron(III) hydroxide Ca3(PO4)2 calcium phosphate NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate Write down the patterns you observe in the both the chemical formula and written form for the compounds above. These patterns will later be used to establish the rules by which these compounds were named. Step 2: The Rules Use the patterns you observed to construct a set of rules for the nomenclature of binary ionic compound composed of main group elements. Write these rules below. 1) Rule for determining the chemical formula: 2) Rule for determining the chemical name: Step 3: Applying the Rules A) Use the rules you have determined above to write the formulas of the following binary ionic compounds. iron(III) acetate - aluminum hydroxide - strontium sulfate - lead(II) sulfate - copper(I) sulfide - ammonium nitride - potassium cyanide - magnesium carbonate - B) Use the rules you have determined to write the names of the following binary ionic compounds. Cu(OH)2 - Sn(C2H3O2)2 - Zn3(PO4)2 - Pb(NO3)2 - NaHCO3 - NiCO3 - NH4F - MgSO4 Activity Four: Binary Acids The rules for naming acids composed of two elements (binary) are explored in the following activity. These naming rules differ from the previous naming activities, though use your previous previous experience of converting observed patterns in chemical formulas and written forms into a set of rules that can be used to name binary acids. Hint: Although H is a non-metal, it can also act like a metal due to its ability to form a cation (ie. H1+ ). Therefore, even though HF(aq) may have all non-metals, it is considered an ionic compound due to the H1+ 1- and F ions. Step 1: Determining the rules Consider the following group of formulas and their corresponding names. Examine the formulas and names carefully to identify patterns associated with naming molecules. Use only a periodic table as a reference but no other outside resources, such as your textbook or the Internet. HI(aq) hydroiodic acid HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid HF(aq) hydrofluoric acid H3P(aq) hydrophosphoric acid Write down the patterns you observe in the both the chemical formula and written form for the compounds above. These patterns will later be used to establish the rules by which these compounds were named. Step 2: The Rules Use the patterns you observed to construct a set of rules for the nomenclature of all binary ionic compounds. Write these rules below. 1) Rule for determining the chemical formula: 2) Rule for determining the chemical name: Step 3: Applying the Rules A) Use the rules you have determined above to write the formulas of the following molecules. hydrobromic acid - hydrosulfuric acid - hydrocarbonic acid - B) Use the rules you have determined to write the names of the following molecules. HN(aq) - HSe(aq) - Activity Six: Acids with Polyatomics The previous activities have introduced the nomenclature system and its use in naming acidic compounds. The rules for naming acidic compounds composed of polyatomics and oxyanions are explored in this activity. Step 1: Determining the rules Consider the following group of formulas and their corresponding names. Examine the formulas and names carefully to identify patterns associated with naming molecules. Use only a periodic table as a reference but no other outside resources, such as your textbook or the Internet. H2SO4(aq) sulfuric acid H3PO4 (aq) phosphoric acid H2CO3 (aq) carbonic acid HBrO3 (aq) bromic acid Write down the patterns you observe in the both the chemical formula and written form for the compounds above. These patterns will later be used to establish the rules by which these compounds were named. Step 2: The Rules Use the patterns you observed to construct a set of rules for the nomenclature of all oxyacid compounds. Write these rules below. 1) Rule for determining the chemical formula: 2) Rule for determining the chemical name: Step 3: Applying the Rules A) Use the rules you have determined above to write the formulas of the following molecules. You can use this trick to help you remember the difference between binary acids (hydrogen and an anion) and those with a polyatomic. nitric acid - nitrous acid - chlorous acid - iodic acid - chromic acid chloric acid B) Use the rules you have determined to write the names of the following molecules. HClO3 (aq) HIO2(aq) HCN(aq) HC2H3O2(aq) H2Cr2O7 (aq) Activity Six: Binary Compounds of the Nonmetals (aka Covalent or Molecular compounds) The previous activities have introduced the nomenclature system and its use in naming ionic compounds. The rules for naming binary compounds composed of nonmetals are explored in this activity. You will need to remember the prefixes below in future naming. Step 1: Determining the rules Consider the following group of formulas and their corresponding names. Examine the formulas and names carefully to identify patterns associated with naming molecules. Use only a periodic table as a reference but no other outside resources, such as your textbook or the Internet. NF3 nitrogen trifluoride NO nitrogen monoxide NO2 nitrogen dioxide N2O dinitrogen monoxide N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide P2O5 diphosphorous pentoxide Write down the patterns you observe in the both the chemical formula and written form for the compounds above. These patterns will later be used to establish the rules by which these compounds were named. Step 2: The Rules Use the patterns you observed to construct a set of rules for the nomenclature of all binary ionic compounds. Write these rules below. 1) Rule for determining the chemical formula: 2) Rule for determining the chemical name: Step 3: Applying the Rules A) Use the rules you have determined above to write the formulas of the following molecules. carbon dioxide - dihydrogen monoxide - phosphorus triiodide - sulfur dichloride - boron trifluoride - dioxygen difluoride - phosphorus pentachloride - sulfur hexafluoride - B) Use the rules you have determined to write the names of the following molecules. N2H4 - OF2 - SBr2 - BCl3 - XeF4 - ClF3 - P4O3 - CS2 -
