International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 1327-1340, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_138
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=04
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
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SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF RC STRUCTURES USING DIFFERENT SHAPED
SHEAR WALLS IN DIFFERENT ZONES
Y. Rajesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology
ABSTRACT
With the rapid growth of urban population and economic activities in several
regions around the world, the demand of the building has increased in the past few
decades. Scarcity of land makes the horizontal development restricted. Hence most of
the designers for the construction use vertical development. One of the major obstacles
for vertical development of building is lateral loads due to wind and earthquake. India
is basically divided into four seismic Zones –II,III,IV,V. Zone II,III may be considered
as little and moderately prone to earthquake whereas IV. V may be considered as severe
and extreme severe zones. Hence the structures in zones IV, V has to be made
earthquake resistant. The structure can be earthquake resistant by the provision of a
shear wall in the structure. The structure will be subjected to larger amount of lateral
forces during an earthquake. The structure has to be designed for gravity loads as well
as lateral earthquake loads which may not be economical since it results in a larger
column sizes and more steel reinforcement. For an economical design, a shear wall has
to be introduced in the buildings since shear walls are very effective lateral load
resisting elements because of their large stiffness and hence the force demand on
structural elements like beams and columns will be reduced. In the present work, a 10
and 15 storied structures are considered and seismic analysis is performed in ETABS
using seismic coefficient method. The structures were modeled with different
configurations of shear walls such as L shape, core and rectangular shaped shear wall.
Parameters such as lateral loads at each storey, lateral storey displacements, storey
drifts, Shear force and bending moments were considered. From the study conducted,
it was observed that maximum reduction in seismic response was observed when an L
shape wall is placed at four corners when compared to rectangular shear wall and core
shaped wall.
Keywords: Earthquakes, Seismic Coefficient method, Storey drifts, storey
displacements.
Cite this Article: Y. Rajesh Kumar, Seismic Performance of RC Structures Using
Different Shaped Shear Walls in Different Zones. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 10(04), 2019, pp. 1327-1340
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1. INTRODUCTION
The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes. The earthquake zoning map
of India divides India into 4 seismic zones (Zone II,III,IV and V) where, Zone V expects the
highest level of seismicity and zone II is associated with the lowest level of seismicity. When
a multistoried building is constructed in zone IV and zone V due to high seismic activity a huge
amount of lateral loads will be acted on the structure which results in large magnitude of
displacement, drift, shear force and bending moments due to which the structure may fail.
Hence there is a need to design structures as earthquake resistant in zone IV and zone V. If the
structure is constructed to resist these lateral loads then high amount of reinforcement and
larger size of beams and columns should be provided which is uneconomical. Shear walls play
prominent role in resisting the earthquake force and it is economical too. The structures can be
made as earthquake resistant by the provision of shear walls at different locations within the
structure since shear walls are very effective in resisting lateral forces due to wind and
earthquake. The main objective of work is to analyze a multi storied structure of varying floor
levels to gravity and seismic loading and study the effect of different configurations of shear
walls ( Core, L-shape, Rectangular) in different seismic zones for effective reduction in seismic
response parameters using ETABS software.
To achieve the objective of the work the study is taken up in the following stages.
 The structures of varying floor levels of 10 and 15 are analyzed for gravity loading.
 The structures are then analyzed for seismic loading using seismic coefficient
method as per the provisions of IS 1893:2002 and the following parameters were
intended for the purpose of study
a) Lateral load at each storey
b) Lateral storey displacements
c) Storey drifts
d) Shear force and Bending moments in critical members
 In each of the structures of varying floor levels, shear walls in different
configurations ( Core, L Shape, Rectangular) are introduced and the above
parameters are studied in each model with the different configurations and
compared in all different zones.
 An ideal configuration of shear wall is then suggested for effective reduction in
seismic response.
2. MODELS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY:
Model 1: 10 storied bare frame structure in Zone II
Model 2: 10 storied bare frame structure in Zone III
Model 3: 10 storied bare frame structure in Zone IV
Model 4: 10 storied bare frame structure in Zone V
Model 5: 10 storied structure with L-shaped shear wall in corners in Zone II
Model 6: 10 storied structure with L-shaped shear wall in corners in Zone III
Model 7: 10 storied structure with L-shaped shear wall in corners in Zone IV
Model 8: 10 storied structure with L-shaped shear wall in corners in Zone V
Model 9: 10 storied structure with shear wall placed at core in Zone II
Model 10: 10 storied structure with shear wall placed at core in Zone III
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Seismic Performance of RC Structures Using Different Shaped Shear Walls in Different Zones
Model 11: 10 storied structure with shear wall placed at core in Zone IV
Model 12: 10 storied structure with shear wall placed at core in Zone V
Model 13: 10 storied structure with Rectangular shear wall placed in Zone II
Model 14: 10 storied structure with Rectangular shear wall placed in Zone III
Model 15: 10 storied structure with Rectangular shear wall placed in Zone IV
Model 16: 10 storied structure with Rectangular shear wall placed in Zone V
Model 17: 15 storied bare frame structure in Zone II
Model 18: 15 storied bare frame structure in Zone III
Model 19: 15 storied bare frame structure in Zone IV
Model 20: 15 storied bare frame structure in Zone V
Model 21: 15 storied structure with L-shaped shear wall in corners in Zone II
Model 22: 15 storied structure with L-shaped shear wall in corners in Zone III
Model 23: 15 storied structure with L-shaped shear wall in corners in Zone IV
Model 24: 15 storied structure with L-shaped shear wall in corners in Zone V
Model 25: 15 storied structure with shear wall placed at core in Zone II
Model 26: 15 storied structure with shear wall placed at core in Zone III
Model 27: 15 storied structure with shear wall placed at core in Zone IV
Model 28: 15 storied structure with shear wall placed at core in Zone V
Model 29: 15 storied structure with Rectangular shear wall placed in Zone II
Model 30: 15 storied structure with Rectangular shear wall placed in Zone III
Model 31: 15 storied structure with Rectangular shear wall placed in Zone IV
Model 32: 15 storied structure with Rectangular shear wall placed in Zone V
3. STRUCTURAL SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications
10 Storey
15 Storey
Plan Dimension
16m x 16m
16m x 16m
No. Of bays
4
4
Storey height
3m
3m
Slab
150mm thick
150mm thick
Shear wall
150mm thick
150mm thick
Beam dimensions
300mm x 450mm 350mm x 450mm
Column Dimensions
450mm x 450mm 550mm x 550mm
Grade of steel
Fe-415
Fe-415
Grade of concrete for beams
M-20
M-20
Grade of concrete for beams
M-25
M-25
3. LOADING
3.1. Gravity loading
Dead load will be calculated by software itself based on sizes and properties assigned. The slab
is assumed to be of 150mm thick and exterior walls are of 230mm thick and interior walls are
of 115mm thick the live load of 3 kN/m2
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3.2 Seismic loading:
Seismic analysis has been carried out using seismic coefficient method. The structures are
assumed to be located in all seismic zones (II,III,IV,V) with the following seismic parameters:
Zone factor = 0.10 (Zone II), 0.16 (Zone III), 0.24 (Zone IV), 0.36 (Zone V)
Importance factor = 1.0
Response reduction factor = 5.0
As per the provisions of IS-1893:2002 the seismic load is taken as following:
The full dead load and partial amount of live load has to be taken as seismic load. Since the
live load considered in the study is 3 kN/m2, the amount of live load to be considered in seismic
analysis is 0.25x3= 0.75 kN/m2 is considered for entire floor and floor finishes of 1.0 kN/m2
is applied as super imposed dead load.
The following figures shows 3-D view of a 10 storied bare frame structure, and structures
with different configurations of shear wall at different locations
Figure 1: 3D View
Figure 2 : 3D view with rectangle shear wall
Figure 3 : 3D view with L shear wall
Figure 4 : 3D view with Core shear
wall
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Seismic Performance of RC Structures Using Different Shaped Shear Walls in Different Zones
4. RESULTS:
4.1. Lateral Loads to each storey :
Table1: Lateral load (kN) in all zones for 10 storied building
Storey
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Base
Zone – II
86.69
78.40
61.94
47.42
34.85
24.19
15.48
8.71
3.87
0.96
0
Zone – III
138.70
125.44
99.11
75.88
55.75
38.71
24.77
13.93
6.19
1.54
0
Zone – IV
208.05
188.16
148.67
113.82
83.62
58.07
37.16
20.90
9.29
2.32
0
Zone – V
312.08
282.24
223.01
170.74
125.44
87.11
55.75
31.36
13.93
3.48
0
From table 1, it is observed that the lateral load is more at top storey as the seismic intensity
increases from zone II to zone V the lateral load also increases. Hence the maximum lateral
load is observed at zone V i.e., 312.08 kN at top storey. The percentage of increase of lateral
load from zone II to zone III is 60% and similarly, 50% from zone III to zone IV and from zone
IV to zone V.
Table 2: Lateral load (kN) in all zones for 15 storied building
Storey
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Base
Zone II
131.94
124.04
106.95
91.13
76.57
63.28
51.26
40.50
31.01
22.78
15.82
10.12
5.69
2.53
0.63
0
Zone III
211.10
198.46
171.12
145.81
122.52
101.25
82.01
64.80
49.61
36.45
25.31
16.20
9.11
4.05
1.01
0
Zone IV
316.66
297.70
256.69
218.71
183.78
151.88
123.02
97.2
74.4
54.67
37.97
24.30
13.66
6.01
1.51
0
Zone V
474.99
446.55
385.03
328.07
275.67
227.83
184.54
145.81
111.63
82.01
56.95
36.45
20.50
9.11
2.27
0
From table 2, it is observed that the lateral load is more at top storey as the seismic intensity
increases from zone II to zone V the lateral load also increases. Hence the maximum lateral
load is observed at zone V i.e., 474.99 kN at top storey. The percentage of increase of lateral
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load from zone II to zone III is 60% and similarly, 50% from zone III to zone IV and from zone
IV to zone V.
4.2. Base Shear
From the figure 5, it is observed the base shear is maximum at the bottom storey (base). As
the seismic intensity increases from zone II to zone V the lateral load also increases as a result
the base shear increases. The maximum value is observed at zone V i.e., 1305 kN The
percentage of increase of base shear from zone II to zone III is 60% and similarly, 50% from
zone III to zone IV and from zone IV to zone V.
3000
base shear (kN)
2500
2000
1500
base shear
1000
500
0
2
3
4
5
zones
Figure 6: Base shear (kN) in all zones for 15 storied building
From figure 6, it is observed the base shear is maximum at the bottom storey (base). As the
seismic intensity increases from zone II to zone V the lateral load also increases as a result the
base shear increases. The maximum value is observed at zone V i.e., 2787 kN The percentage
of increase of base shear from zone II to zone III is 60% and similarly, 50% from zone III to
zone IV and from zone IV to zone V.
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4.3. Lateral Storey Displacements:
From the figure 5, it is observed that the Storey displacement is more at top storey as the seismic
intensity increases from zone II to zone V the lateral load also increases. Hence the maximum
Storey displacement is observed at zone V i.e., 42.29mm at top storey. The percentage of
increase of storey displacement from zone II to zone III is 60% and similarly, 50% from zone
III to zone IV and from zone IV to zone V.
12
Storey
10
8
zone II
6
zone III
4
zone IV
2
zone V
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Storey dispacement(mm)
Figure 5: Storey displacements of 10 storied bare frame structure
45
Storey displacement (mm)
40
35
30
25
without shear wall
20
rectanglular shear wall
core shear wall
15
L-shaped shear wall
10
5
0
2
3
4
5
Zones
Figure 6: Storey displacements of 10 storied structures with different shear wall configurations
From figure 6, the storey displacement for 10 storey building in all different zones are
compared in bare frame and different orientations of shear walls. From the above graph it is
observed that bare frame has the highest storey displacement in all zones after introduction of
shear wall the value has reduced and different orientations of shear wall gave different seismic
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response values. Maximum reduction in storey displacement is observed when 10 storied
structure is modeled with L shaped shear wall at four corners of the building.
16
14
Storey
12
10
zone II
8
zone III
6
zone IV
4
zone V
2
0
0
50
100
150
storey displacement (mm)
Figure 7: Storey displacements of 15 storied bare frame structure
From the figure 7, it is observed that the Storey displacement is more at top storey as the
seismic intensity increases from zone II to zone V the lateral load also increases. Hence the
maximum Storey displacement is observed at zone V i.e., 105.88mm at top storey. The
percentage of increase of storey displacement from zone II to zone III is 60% and similarly,
50% from zone III to zone IV and from zone IV to zone V.
Storey displacement (mm)
120
100
80
without shear wall
60
rectanglular shear
wall
40
core shear wall
20
0
2
3
4
5
Zones
Figure 8: Storey displacements of 10 storied structures with different shear wall configurations
In figure 8, the storey displacement for 15 storey building in all different zones are
compared in bare frame and different orientations of shear walls. From the above graph it is
observed that bare frame has the highest storey displacement in all zones after introduction of
shear wall the value has reduced and different orientations of shear wall gave different seismic
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response values. The L-shaped shear walls are more effective in reducing the storey
displacement when compared to core and rectangular shaped shear walls in all zones.
4.4. Storey Drifts
Storey drift (mm)
6
5
4
3
2
storey drift
1
0
2
3
4
5
zones
Figure 9: Storey Drift of 10 storied bare frame structures in all zones
As the displacement is more in zone V the storey drift is also more at zone V. The maximum
storey drift in every zone of the 10 storied building is observed between 2nd and 3rd storey. The
maximum value is observed at zone V i.e., 5.51mm The percentage of increase of storey drift
from zone II to zone III is 60% and similarly, 49% from zone III to zone IV and from zone IV
to zone V.
6
5
4
Storey 3
Drifts(mm)
2
Without Shear wall
Rectangular Shear Wall
Core Shear wall
1
L shape Shear wall
0
Zone -2
Zone -3
Zone -4
Zone-5
Zones
Figure 10: Storey drifts (mm) of 10 storied structures with different shear wall configurations
Table 3: Storey drifts (mm) of 10 storied structures with different shear wall configurations
Structure
Without Shear wall
Zone -2
1.53
Zone -3
2.45
Zone -4
3.67
Zone-5
5.51
Rectangular Shear Wall
0.39
0.63
0.95
1.83
Core Shear wall
0.25
0.39
0.58
0.88
L shape Shear wall
0.23
0.37
0.55
0.82
From figure 10 and table 3, it can be observed that maximum storey drift in a 10 storied
bare frame structure is 1.53mm in Zone 2 which reduced largely to an extent of 0.23mm when
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the structure is modeled with L shaped shear wall. Structures modeled with other shear walls
also have shown a reduction in storey drifts. The same trend is there even in other seismic zones
III, IV,V. Maximum reduction in storey drift is observed when structure is modeled with L
shaped shear wall.
10
9
8
7
6
Storey Drifts 5
(mm)
4
Without Shear wall
Rectangular Shear Wall
Core Shear wall
3
L shape Shear wall
2
1
0
Zone -2
Zone -3
Zone -4
Zone-5
Zones
Figure 11: Storey drifts (mm) of 15 storied structures with different shear wall configurations
Table 4: Storey drifts (mm) of 15 storied structures with different shear wall configurations
Structure
Without Shear wall
Rectangular Shear Wall
Core Shear wall
L shape Shear wall
Zone -2
2.51
1.04
0.72
0.6
Zone -3
4.02
1.67
1.15
0.95
Zone -4
6.03
2.49
1.73
1.42
Zone-5
9.05
3.74
2.59
2.12
From figure 11 and table 4, it can be observed that maximum storey drift in a 15 storied
bare frame structure is 2.51mm in Zone 2 which reduced largely to an extent of 0.60mm when
the structure is modeled with L shaped shear wall. Structures modeled with other shear walls
also have shown a reduction in storey drifts. The same trend is there even in other seismic zones
III, IV,V. Maximum reduction in storey drift is observed when structure is modeled with L
shaped shear wall.
4.5. Shear Forces in critical members
Figure 12: Shear Forces(kN) of 10 storied structures with different shear wall configurations
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From figure 12, it can be observed that maximum shear force of 105.53KN has occurred in
zone 4 and 122.34KN in zone 5. The highest shear force value is observed in storey 3 in bare
frame after introduction of shear wall the value has been reduced. Maximum reduction in shear
force was observed when the structures are modeled with L shape shear walls. Effect of zones
2 and 3 were not taken into account because of low seismic intensity.
Figure 13: Shear Forces (kN) of 15 storied structures with different shear wall configurations
From figure 13, it can be observed that maximum shear force of 134.06KN has occurred in
zone 4 and 162.70KN in zone 5. The highest shear force value is observed in storey 4 in bare
frame after introduction of shear wall the value has been reduced. Maximum reduction in shear
force was observed when the structures are modeled with L shape shear walls. Effect of zones
2 and 3 were not taken into account because of low seismic intensity.
4.6. Bending moments in critical members:
Figure 14: Positive Bending Moments (kN-m) of 10 storied structures with different shear wall
configurations
From figure 14, it can be observed that maximum positive bending moment of 58.67kNm
has occurred in zone 4 and 78.67kNm in zone 5. The highest shear force value is observed in
storey 3 in bare frame after introduction of shear wall the value has been reduced. Maximum
reduction in shear force was observed when the structures are modeled with L shape shear
walls. Effect of zones 2 and 3 were not taken into account because of low seismic intensity.
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Figure 15: Negative Bending Moments (kN-m) of 10 storied structures with different shear wall
configurations
From figure 15, it can be observed that maximum negative bending moment of 105.53kNm
has occurred in zone 4 and 122.34 kNm in zone 5. The highest negative bending moment value
is observed in storey 3 in bare frame after introduction of shear wall the value has been reduced.
Maximum reduction in negative bending moment was observed when the structures are
modeled with L shape shear walls. Effect of zones 2 and 3 were not taken into account because
of low seismic intensity.
Figure 16: Positive Bending Moments (kN-m) of 15 storied structures with different shear wall
configurations
From figure 16, it can be observed that maximum positive bending moment of 82kNm has
occurred in zone 4 and 138kNm in zone 5. The highest positive bending moment value is
observed in storey 3 in bare frame after introduction of shear wall the value has been reduced.
Maximum reduction in positive bending moment was observed when the structures are
modeled with L shape shear walls. Effect of zones 2 and 3 were not taken into account because
of low seismic intensity.
Figure 17: Positive Bending Moments (kN-m) of 15 storied structures with different shear wall
configurations
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Seismic Performance of RC Structures Using Different Shaped Shear Walls in Different Zones
From figure 17, it can be observed that maximum negative bending moment of 173.8kNm
has occurred in zone 4 and 236kNm in zone 5. The highest negative bending moment value is
observed in storey 3 in bare frame after introduction of shear wall the value has been reduced.
Maximum reduction in negative bending moment was observed when the structures are
modeled with L shape shear walls. Effect of zones 2 and 3 were not taken into account because
of low seismic intensity.
4.7. CONCLUSIONS











The lateral storey displacement has reduced to a maximum extent of 78%, 76% and
60% when the 10 storied structure is modelled with L-shaped, core and rectangular
shear wall in Zone II when compared to bare frame structure. Similarly, 77%, 76%
and 60% in Zone III,IV,V.
The storey drift has reduced to a maximum extent of 85%, 84% and 74% when the
10 storied structure is modelled with L-shaped, core and rectangular shear wall in
Zone II when compared to bare framed structure. Similarly, 85%, 84% and 75% in
Zone III, IV. And 85%, 84%, 67% in zone V.
The positive bending moments for 10 storied structure has reduced to an extent of
27%, 23% and 27% with L-shaped, core and rectangular shear wall in zone IV and
45%, 36%, 44% in zone V.
The negative bending moments for 10 storied structures has reduced to an extent of
57%, 26% and 27% with L-shaped, core and rectangular shear wall in zone IV and
64%, 36%, 44% in zone V.
The shear force for 10 storied structure has reduced to an extent of 52%, 15% and
28% with L-shaped, core and rectangular shear wall in zone IV and 71%, 23%,
33% in zone V.
The storey displacement has reduced to an maximum extent of 70%, 61%, 47%
when the 15 storied structure is modelled with L-shaped, core and rectangular shear
wall in Zone II when compared to bare frame structure. Similarly, 70%, 61%, 47%
in Zone III,IV,V.
The storey drift has reduced to an maximum extent of 76%, 71% and 59% when the
15 storied structure is modelled with L-shaped, core and rectangular shear wall in
Zone II, III, IV, V. when compared to bare framed structure.
The positive bending moments for 15 storied structure has reduced to an extent of
44%, 32% and 40% with L-shaped, core and rectangular shear wall in zone IV and
67%, 53%, 60% in zone V.
The negative bending moments for 15 storied structure has reduced to an extent of
67%, 29% and 50% with L-shaped, core and rectangular shear wall in zone IV and
74%, 38%, 53% in zone V.
The shear force for 15 storied structure has reduced to an extent of 42%, 18% and
30% with L-shaped, core and rectangular shear wall in zone IV and 49%, 26%, 35%
in zone V.
L-Shaped shear wall or shear wall placed at corners is more effective towards
seismic response as it shows less storey displacement, storey drift, bending
moments and shear force in all the zones when compared to core and rectangular
shaped shear walls. Hence proposed ideal configuration of shear wall from the
above study is L-Shaped shear wall.
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