International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 04, April 2019, pp. 738–745, Article ID: IJCIET_10_04_078
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=4
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication
Scopus Indexed
TO STUDY STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF
PAVEMENT QUALITY CONCRETE BY
FRACTIONAL SUBSTITUTION OF GGBS,
METAKAOLIN AND WASTE MEDICINE
WRAPPERS
Rajat Verma
PG Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering,
Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
Gurpreet Singh
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering,
Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
ABSTRACT
Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC) is that concrete which is used for highway and
road construction .Due to high strength, better serviceability and economy. Now a
day’s engineers are much focused on development of pavement which could be
effective in long run. The attempt of this learning was to develop M40 PQC mix
including GGBS and Metakaolin as fractional substitution of cement as well as waste
medicine wrappers as fractional substitution of fine aggregates in the concrete mixes.
In this study cement was fractionally substituted with Ground Granulated blast
furnace Slag (GGBS) at 10%, 20% and 30% whereas Metakaolin was kept constant at
15% as well as Fine Aggregates was fractionally substituted with waste medicine
wrappers at 15%, 10% and 5% in the different design mixes. Concrete cubes, beams
and cylinders were casted and tested after 7 days and 28 days. The compressive,
flexural and split values for PQC mixes for different percentage of substitutions were
reported. The Ultrasonic pulse velocity test and SEM were also performed. From
study, it was concluded that for fractional substitution of 20% GGBS and 15%
Metakaolin with Cement by weight and 10% Waste Medicine Wrappers with Fine
Aggregates (FA) by weight, obtained the utmost value for compressive, flexural and
split tensile . Further it was accomplished that with increase in waste medicine
wrapper content, ahead of 10 %, strength decreases.
Key words: Metakaolin, PQC, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Pulse Velocity,
Medicine Wrappers.
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editor@iaeme.com
To Study Strength Characteristics of Pavement Quality Concrete by Fractional Substitution of
GGBS, Metakaolin and Waste Medicine Wrappers
Cite this Article: Rajat Verma and Gurpreet Singh, To Study Strength Characteristics
of Pavement Quality Concrete by Fractional Substitution of GGBS, Metakaolin and
Waste Medicine Wrappers, International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology 10(4), 2019, pp. 738–745.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=4
1. INTRODUCTION
The pavement quality concrete (PQC) mix mainly deals with the concrete with high strength
and serviceability. The manufacturing of cement leads to emission of greenhouse gases which
prompts an unnatural weather changes. The principle centre now a days is on the waste
products or by products from industries which could be used as fractional substitution of
cement in concrete which does not compromise with the strength . We quench the molten iron
slag obtained from a blast furnace slag and convert it into glassy substance known as GGBS.
Metakaolin an innovative Clay product which has been developed in recent years. Due to its
cementitious properties it is being used in high strength concrete as an additive. The strength
test revealed that the most appropriate strength of concrete was obtained when substitution
rate of Metakaolin to binder ranging between 10% to 15%.Metakaolin is not a byproduct
which means it have useful properties required for good PQC. With the increase of plastic
waste degradation of environment is taking place at an alarming rate. Plastic waste in form of
plastic bottles, medicine wrappers, polythene bags, eatables wrappers are an important
elements degrading environment leading to environmental deterioration and health diseases.
This paper highlights use of waste medicine wrappers having size less than 4.75mm as
fractional substitution of FA. Also the utilization of waste medicine wrappers could help in
solving the problem caused by illegal mining of fine aggregates lowering the natural bed level
of rivers which leads to floods and other natural hazards. In emergent countries like India
where development of the infrastructure projects is based on cement concrete, the use of
waste materials in concrete will not only reduce overall cost of project but also helps to
reduce environmental degradation.
2. MATERIALS
2.1. Cement
The concrete utilized for the work was 43 Grade OPC. The cement used for study was
confirmed to IS: 8112-2013.
S.Number
1.
2.
3.
4.
Table 1 Characteristics of cement
Particulars
Value opted
Specific Gravity
3.13
Primary Setting Time
34min
End Setting Time
182min
Consistency
33%
IS:8112-2013
3.10-3.15
>30
<600
30-35%
2.2. GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag)
The required amount of GGBS in the study was obtained from VALLEY IRON AND STEEL
INDUSTRIES LTD. Dhalakuan, Paonta Sahib (H.P.).GGBS used in concrete was passed 90%
through 90 micron sieve.
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Rajat Verma and Gurpreet Singh
Table 2 Physical composition of GGBS
S.Number
Property
1.
Color
2
Specific Gravity
3
Fineness
Specification
Off White Color
2.9
>350 Kg/m3
2.3. Metakaolin
Metakaolin is the anhydrous calcined form of clay mineral Kalonite. In this study, Metakaolin
was obtained from dealer in Kutch, Gujarat which had particle size less than 90 micron.
Table 3 Physical composition of Metakaolin
S.Number
Property
1.
Color
2.
Bulk Density
3.
Specific Gravity
Specification
White
0.5461(g/cc)
2.30
2.4. Waste Medicine Wrappers
For this waste medicine wrapper which was collected by rag pickers where shredded to size
less than 4.75mm provided by SUNSHINE IMPLEX INDUSTRIES Derabassi, Punjab.
2.5. Coarse Aggregates
The coarsen aggregates of size 20mm & 10mm were used The coarse aggregates is confirmed
by IS 383:1977.The value of specific gravity and water absorption adopted in our study was
2.62 and 0.5% respectively.
2.6. Fine Aggregates
The fine aggregates which were used passed through 4.75mm sieve and confirmed as per IS
10262. The value of specific gravity and water absorption adopted in our study was 2.60 and
1%
2.7. Admixture
SIKAPLAST® 4202 NS is water reducing super plasticizer. It was bought from SIKA INDIA
office in Chandigarh.
Table 4 Properties of admixture
S.Number
1.
2.
3.
4.
Particulars
Type
Color
PH
Dosage
Values
PCE
Dark Brown
>6
0.5% to 2% by weight of cement
3. MIX PROPORTIONING
The M40 pavement quality concrete mix was designed as per IRC: 44-2008.GGBS and
Metakaolin was partially replaced with Cement and Waste Medicine Wrappers was partially
replaced with Fine Aggregates.
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To Study Strength Characteristics of Pavement Quality Concrete by Fractional Substitution of
GGBS, Metakaolin and Waste Medicine Wrappers
Table 5 Combination of GGBS, Metakaolin and Waste Medicine Wrapper
Mix ID
Cement (%)
Metakaolin (%)
GGBS (%)
Fine Agg.(%)
Waste Medicine
Wrappers (%)
Conventional
Concrete( CC)
100
0
0
100
M1
M2
M3
75
15
10
85
65
15
20
90
55
15
30
95
0
15
10
5
4. TEST PERFORMED
4.1. Compressive Test
This test was performed out on 150mm x 150mm x 150mm cube specimen using a 2000.00
KN capacity CTM .The compressive strength values were used at the average of three
specimens. The test was performed as per IS 516-1959.
Figure 1. Compressive Testing Machine (CTM)
4.2. Flexural Test
This test was performed out on 500mm x 100mm x 100mm beam using 100.00 KN capacity
Flexural Testing machine. The values interpreted were used at the average of three specimens.
The test was performed as per IS 516-1959.
Figure 2. Flexure Testing Machine
4.3. Split Tensile Test
For this test 300mm height and 150mm diameter cylindrical specimen were casted and tested
using 2000.00 KN capacity CTM .The values interpreted were used at the average of three
specimens. The test was performed as per IS: 5816-1999.
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Rajat Verma and Gurpreet Singh
Figure 3. CTM
4.4. Ultra sonic Pulse Velocity Test
This test was performed out on 150mm x 150mm x 150mm cube specimen using ultrasonic
pulse velocity apparatus .The test was performed as per IS13311-(Part1) 1992.
Figure 4.Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
5. RESULTS
Compressive Strength (MPa)
5.1. Compressive Test
60
50
40
7 days
30
28 days
20
10
0
CC
M1
M2
M3
Figure 5 Results of Compressive Test on different percentage replacement in concrete mix
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To Study Strength Characteristics of Pavement Quality Concrete by Fractional Substitution of
GGBS, Metakaolin and Waste Medicine Wrappers
FLEXURAL TRENGTH
(MPA)
5.2. Flexure Test
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
7 days
28 days
CC
M1
M2
M3
Figure 6 Results of flexure test on different percentage replacement in concrete mix
Spilt Tensile Strength
(MPa)
5.3. Split Tensile Test
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
7 days
28 days
CC
M1
M2
M3
Figure 7 Results of Split tensile test for different percentage replacement in concrete mix
5.4. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
USPV Values (Km\s)
6
5
4
3
28 days
2
1
0
CC
M1
M2
M4
Figure 8 Results of USPV test for different percentage replacement in concrete mix
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Rajat Verma and Gurpreet Singh
5.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy
It was performed for M2 mix which displayed the max value of strength.
Figure 9 SEM of M2 mix design after 28 days
6. CONCLUSIONS

Average compressive strength for 28 days of PQC mixes is 3.24% 12.5% and 8.72% higher
than conventional concrete and is obtained in mix M1, M2 and M3 respectively.

Average flexural value for 28 days of PQC mixes is 8.71%,19.26%and 13.37% higher than
conventional concrete and is obtained in mix M1,M2 and M3 respectively.

Average split value for 28 days of PQC mixes is 7.92%,24.08%and15.54% higher than
conventional concrete and is obtained in mix M1,M2 and M3 respectively.

Ultrasonic pulse velocity value is maximum for M2 mix.

Maximum strength values are obtained when 20% GGBS +15% Metakaolin is partially
replaced with cement and Waste Medicine Wrappers is replaced with 10% Fine aggregates.

Higher strength developed at optimum mix M2 due to pozzolonic reaction in concrete and
filler effect inhibited by Metakaolin and GGBS moreover Waste Medicine Wrappers have
rough surface which does not create a significant failure surface at 10% replacement.
Hence GGBS, Metakaolin and Waste Medicine wrappers can be effectively used in
concrete replacement there by providing ways for sustainable environment.
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