Mariajose​ ​Paredes
Ms.​ ​Thuvanuti
World​ ​History
September​ ​1,​ ​2017
Chapter​ ​2-1​ ​#1-5
1. ​ ​A​ ​Republic​ ​is​ ​when​ ​a​ ​form​ ​of​ ​governments​ ​which​ ​the​ ​leader​ ​is​ ​not​ ​a​ ​king​ ​and​ ​certain
citizens​ ​have​ ​the​ ​right​ ​to​ ​vote.​ ​In​ ​venice,​ ​they​ ​had​ ​a​ ​republic​ ​in​ ​which​ ​only​ ​certain
aristocrats​ ​could​ ​vote​ ​for​ ​a​ ​leader​ ​called​ ​a​ ​doge.​ ​Florence​ ​also​ ​had​ ​a​ ​republic​ ​which
distributed​ ​the​ ​power​ ​more​ ​evenly​ ​between​ ​the​ ​people.​ ​The​ ​problem​ ​with​ ​the​ ​republic
was​ ​that​ ​one​ ​noble​ ​could​ ​gain​ ​too​ ​much​ ​power​ ​and​ ​was​ ​hard​ ​to​ ​displace.​ ​The​ ​kingdom​ ​of
Naples​ ​was​ ​a​ ​monarchical​ ​state.​ ​The​ ​power​ ​was​ ​in​ ​the​ ​hand​ ​of​ ​one​ ​person​ ​and​ ​it​ ​was
eventually​ ​taken​ ​over​ ​by​ ​Spain.
2. Machiavelli's​ ​major​ ​principles​ ​were​ ​that​ ​a​ ​leader​ ​should​ ​be​ ​good​ ​when​ ​he​ ​can,​ ​but​ ​he
should​ ​also​ ​be​ ​evil​ ​when​ ​he​ ​has​ ​to.​ ​When​ ​you​ ​are​ ​in​ ​power,​ ​you​ ​should​ ​let​ ​go​ ​of​ ​your
morals​ ​as​ ​long​ ​as​ ​the​ ​ends​ ​justify​ ​the​ ​means.From​ ​Machiavelli’s​ ​point​ ​of​ ​view​ ​a​ ​prince’s
attitude​ ​toward​ ​power​ ​must​ ​be​ ​based​ ​on​ ​an​ ​understanding​ ​of​ ​human​ ​nature,​ ​because​ ​he
believed​ ​humans​ ​were​ ​motivated​ ​by​ ​self​ ​interest.​ ​His​ ​views​ ​have​ ​had​ ​a​ ​profound
influence​ ​on​ ​later​ ​political​ ​leaders.
3. Contributions​ ​made​ ​to​ ​the​ ​rise​ ​of​ ​the​ ​Italian​ ​states​ ​during​ ​the​ ​Renaissance​ ​are​ ​that​ ​Italy
was​ ​not​ ​united,​ ​so​ ​it​ ​developed​ ​independent​ ​city-states.​ ​These​ ​city​ ​states​ ​established
extensive​ ​trade​ ​routes.​ ​They​ ​all​ ​had​ ​their​ ​own​ ​conversations​ ​and​ ​sparked​ ​the​ ​renaissance.
4. Machiavelli’s​ ​work​ ​influenced​ ​political​ ​power​ ​in​ ​the​ ​western​ ​world​ ​because​ ​he​ ​wrote
about​ ​how​ ​a​ ​leader​ ​should​ ​get​ ​rid​ ​of​ ​their​ ​morals​ ​and​ ​that​ ​that​ ​a​ ​leader​ ​should​ ​be​ ​good
when​ ​he​ ​can,​ ​but​ ​he​ ​should​ ​also​ ​be​ ​evil​ ​when​ ​he​ ​has​ ​too.​ ​This​ ​created​ ​a​ ​different​ ​view​ ​of
how​ ​to​ ​obtain​ ​and​ ​hold​ ​power.
5. In​ ​the​ ​Middle​ ​Ages​ ​society​ ​had​ ​been​ ​divided​ ​into​ ​three​ ​social​ ​classes​ ​the​ ​clergy,​ ​the
nobility,​ ​and​ ​the​ ​peasants​ ​and​ ​townspeople.​ ​During​ ​the​ ​Renaissance,​ ​nobles,​ ​aristocrats,
continued​ ​to​ ​dominate​ ​society.​ ​The​ ​nobles​ ​were​ ​expected​ ​to​ ​fulfill​ ​certain​ ​ideas.​ ​Lastly
during​ ​the​ ​Renaissance​ ​peasants​ ​still​ ​constituted​ ​that​ ​vast​ ​majority​ ​of​ ​the​ ​total​ ​european
population.