1.) In order for new species to develop, there must be a change in the
(1) temperature of the environment
(2) migration patterns within a population
(3) genetic makeup of a population
(4) rate of succession in the environment
2.) Which statement is not part of the concept of natural selection?
(1) Individuals that possess the most favorable variations will have the best chance of reproducing.
(2) Variation occurs among individuals in a population
(3) More individuals are produced than will survive.
(4) Genes of an individual adapt to a changing environment.
3.) The diagram below shows the evolution of some different species of flowers.
Which statement about the species is correct?
(1) Species A, B, C, and D came from different ancestors.
(2) Species C evolved from species B.
(3) Species A, B, and C can interbreed successfully.
(4) Species A became extinct.
4.) Which statement concerning production of offspring is correct?
(1) Production of offspring is necessary for a species to survive, but it is not necessary for an individual to survive.
(2) An organism can reproduce without\ performing any of the other life processes.
(3) Production of offspring is necessary for an individual organism to survive, while the other life processes are important for a species to survive.
(4) Reproduction is a process that requires gametes in all species.

5.) Which statement describes asexual reproduction?
(1) Adaptive traits are usually passed from parent to offspring without genetic modification.
(2) Mutations are not passed from generation to generation.
(3) It always enables organisms to survive in changing environmental conditions.
(4) It is responsible for many new variations in offspring.
6.) The bones in the forelimbs of three mammals are shown at right.
For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicates that they may have
(1) developed in a common environment
(2) developed from the same earlier species
(3) identical genetic makeup
(4) identical methods of obtaining food
Base your answers to questions 7 and 8 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.
Letters A through J represent different species of organisms. The vertical distances between the dotted lines represent long periods of time in which major environmental changes occurred.
7.) Which species was the first to become extinct?
(1) E (2) J (3) C (4) D
8.) Which species appears to have been most successful in surviving changes in the environment over time?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) H

9.) When antibiotics were first developed, most infectious diseases could be controlled by them. Today, certain bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. One possible explanation for this change is
(1) the antibiotics killed most of the bacteria that did not have a genetic variation for resistance
(2) the bacteria needed to change in order to produce more antibiotics
(3) some of the bacteria learned how to resist the antibiotics
(4) antibiotics have become weaker over the years
Base your answers to questions 10 through 14 on the information below.
Color in peppered moths is controlled by genes. A light-colored variety and a darkcolored variety of a peppered moth species exist in nature. The moths often rest on tree trunks, and several different species of birds are predators of this moth. Before industrialization in England, the light-colored variety was much more abundant than the dark-colored variety and evidence indicates that many tree trunks at that time were covered with light-colored lichens. Later, industrialization developed and brought pollution which killed the lichens leaving the tree trunks covered with dark-colored soot.
The results of a study made in England are shown .
10.)State one possible reason that a larger number of the dark-colored variety were present in the polluted environment.
Because the dark colored moths would blend in with the polluted trees and therefore be camouflaged for survival
11.)State one possible reason that the light-colored variety was not completely eliminated from the polluted environment.
Perhaps those light colored moths had other characteristics that allowed them to escape the predators. Also, there is variety in a species and additional white moths might still be born.

12.)During the past few decades, air pollution control laws in many areas of England greatly limited the soot and other air pollutants coming from the burning of coal.
State one way the decrease in soot and other air pollutants will most likely influence the survival of the light-colored variety of peppered moth.
More light colored moths will survive because as pollution is decreased, there will be more light colored trees for the light moths to blend in with.
13.)The percentage of light-colored moths in the polluted environment was closest to
(1) 16 (2) 24 (3) 42 (4) 76
14.)Which conclusion can best be drawn from the information given?
(1) The trait for dark coloration better suits the peppered moth for survival in non-polluted environments.
(2) The trait for light coloration better suits the peppered moth for survival in polluted environments.
(3) The variation of color in the peppered moth has no influence on survival of the moth.
(4) A given trait may be a favorable adaptation in one environment, but not in another environment.