Statistics • No need to memorize formulas • Understand: • +/- Correlations • Closer to 1, greater the correlation, closer to 0 the weaker it is • Normal Distribution/Curve • Skewed Curves More Statistics (yay!) • X= sample means, u= Population mean • Reject the null= Significant (Ho is not true) , Fail to reject the null= Not signficant (Ho true) • Z score: measure of how many standard deviations below or above the population mean a raw score Philosophy • Hippocrates’ 4 Humours • Blood- liver, sanguine nature (enthusiastic, active, and social • Phlegm- produce aggression • Black Bile- excess of black bile was understood to cause depression • Yellow Bile- associated with apathetic behavior Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory • • Developmental tasks-skills that must be mastered, or personal changes that must take place, for optimal development. Psychosocial dilemma- conflict between personal impulses and the social world pg. 306 1. Trust or mistrust (1st year) 2. Autonomy or shame and doubt (1-3 years) 3. Initiative or guilt (3-5 years) 4. Industry or inferiority (6-12 years) 5. Identity or role confusion (12 –19 years) 6. Intimacy or isolation (20-34 years) 7. Generativity or stagnation (35-64 years) 8. Integrity or despair (65+ years) Abnormal • Anxiety/ Depressive Disorders • Understand Difference between Bi-polar 1&2 • 1= extreme manic episodes with halluciantions • 2= milder euphoria • Schizophrenia • +/- symptoms • += excess symptoms(hallucinations, delusions, though disorder, referential thinking, catonia) • -=decrease of normal function (flat affect/little to no emotion) Schizophrenia Spectrum • Schizoaffective disorder- patient suffers from major mood episodes (depressive or manic • Schizophreniform disorder- duration of symptoms is less. The patient has experienced symptoms for longer than one week but less than six months • Schizotypal personality disorder- pervasive deficits in social and interpersonal skills, eccentric behavior, discomfort forming close personal relationships, as well as cognitive and perceptual distortions; ideas of reference • Schizoid Personality Disorder- avoid social activities and consistently shy away from interaction with others; not interested in interpersonal relationships and emotional connections Brain • Central Nervous System (CNS) -consists of the brain and the spinal cord • ANS divided into two parts: sympathetic and parasympathetic branches • Includes two parts: Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System • • The somatic nervous system (SNS) is the network linking the spinal cord with the body and sense organs. Sympathetic nervous system- The division of the autonomic nervous system that coordinates arousal • Parasympathetic nervous system- The part of the autonomic nervous system that quiets the body and conserves energy • • Controls voluntarily behavior Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the collection of axons that carry information to and from internal organs and glands. • In charge of automatic activities such as breathing, digestion, heart rate and sweating
