Date:28th August 2018
Drug Bank
Advance Certificate in Nursing
Name: Aminath Sana Saeed
Student ID: S1801150
College: Villa College
Lecture :Faleen Mohamed
Introduction
This is the coursework of the Pharmacology module in Advance
certificate nursing. As a student I got the opportunity to create a drug
bank. Therefore, this Drug bank contains 15 drug information’s which
gives lot of information about the dose, dosage forms, contraindication,
indication, therapeutic classification and many more in each drug.
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Content
Introduction……………………………………………………………......….…...1
Drugs ………………………………………………………………………….…….3-17
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….….18
Reference…………………………………………………………………………….18
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ADEFOVIR
Generic Name: adefovir
Brand Name: Hepsera
Dosage: Adult dose for chronic hepatitis - 10 mg orally once a day
Available Dosage Form: tablets
Therapeutic Classification: It is an antiviral medication and prevents viral cells
from multiplying in the body and infecting new liver cells.
Adverse drug reactions: Nephrotoxicity (Chronic use), GI effects (eg: nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, skin rash, raised liver enzyme, renal failure,
renal insufficiency myopathy.
Side effects: mild nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gas, or stomach pain; mild skin rash
or itching; weakness; or. headache
Indication: Chronic hepatitis B
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity. Lactation
Drug Interactions: May diminish the therapeutic effect of tenofovir. Increased
risk of nephrotoxicity with other nephrotoxic drug (e.g. aminoglycosides,
ciclosporin, tacrolimus, vancomyicn, certain NSAIDs).
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CITALOPRAM
Generic Name: citalopram
Brand Name: CeleXA
Dosage: adults dose for Depression
- Initial 20 mg orally once a day and increased to max 40 mg/day
after at least 1 wk.
Panic disorder
- Initial: 10 mg/day, increased to 20 mg/day after 1 week.
Available Dosage Form: Tablets
Therapeutic Classification: It is an antidepressant.
Adverse drug reactions: mood or behavior changes, anxiety, panic attacks,
trouble sleeping, or if you feel impulsive, irritable, agitated, hostile, aggressive,
restless, hyperactive (mentally or physically), more depressed, or have thoughts
about suicide or hurting yourself.
Side effects: headache, drowsiness, dry mouth, increased sweating; cold
symptoms such as stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat; numbness or tingling;
Indication: To treat depression
Contraindication: Do not give anyone citalopram anyone younger than 18 years
old and recent acute MI
Drug Interactions: May increase anticoagulant effect with drugs affecting
haemostatis (e.g. warfarin).
Increased risk of hypomania w/ sibutramine. Increased lowering seizure
threshold with TCAs and other SSRIs.
.
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MELOXICAM
Generic Name: Meloxicam
Brand Name: NSAID
Dosage: oral- Acute exacerbations of osteoarthritis: Initial dose is 7.5 mg orally
once a day and Maximum dose is 15 mg orally once a day
Oral- Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis: initial dose 7.5 orally once a
day and maximum 15 mg daily as a single dose
Available Dosage Form: Oral Tablets, Oral Capsules
Therapeutic Classification: anti-inflammatory
Adverse drug reactions: fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis, hepatic failure, MI,
stroke, renal papillary necrosis.
Side effects: upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, constipation,
gas, cold symptoms, flu symptoms
Indication: treat pain or inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis and
osteoarthritis in adults
Contraindication: History of asthma, urticaria or other allergic-type reactions and
treatment of perioperative pain in the setting of CABG surgery.
Drug Interactions: Increased risk of severe GI effects with aspirin or warfarin and
May reduce natriuretic effects of furosemide and thiazides.
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GABAPENTIN
Generic Name: gabapentin
Brand Names: Gralise, Horizant, Neurontin, Gabarone
Dosage: Usual adult dose for epilepsy
- Initial dose: 300 mg orally on day one,
- Maximum dose: 3600 mg orally daily (in 3 divided doses) Adult Dose for
Usual adult dose for Postherpetic Neuralgia
-Initial dose: 300 mg orally on day one
-Maximum dose: 1800 mg per day (600 mg orally 3 times a day).
Available Dosage Form: Capsules and Tablets, Liquid (oral route)
Therapeutic Classification: Anticonvulsant
Adverse drug reactions; depression, anxiety, hostility, confusion and emotional
lability, nervousness, vasodilatation, vomiting, nausea, gingivitis, abdominal pain,
dyspepsia, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth or throat, flatulence, dental
abnormalities
Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, fever
Indication: neuropathic pain (nerve pain) and seizures
Contraindication. Kidney disease (or in dialysis), liver disease, depression,
diabetes
Drug Interactions: May increase plasma level with morphine. Reduced absorption
with antacids
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METOPROLOL
Generic Name: metoprolol
Brand Names: Lopressor, Metoprolol Succinate ER, Metoprolol Tartrate, Toprol-XL
Dosage: Usual adult dose for Hypertension
-Initial dose: 100 mg orally per day in single or divided doses
-Maintenance dose: 100 to 400 mg orally once a day
Usual adult dose for Angina Pectoris
Initial dose:
-Metoprolol tartrate immediate release tablets: 50 mg orally twice a day
-Metoprolol succinate extended release tablets: 100 mg orally once a day
Maintenance dose: 100 to 400 mg per day
Available Dosage Form: tablets
Therapeutic Classification: It is a cardio selective β1-adrenergic blocking agent
used for acute myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, angina pectoris and mild
to moderate hypertension.
Adverse drug reactions: Dizziness, insomnia, tiredness, headache, vertigo,
confusion, bradycardia, shortness of breath, gangrene, claudication,
hallucinations, nightmares, visual disturbances; diarrhea
Side effects: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain and vomiting
Indication: angina, hypertension
Contraindication: liver disease, congestive heart failure, thyroid disorder, asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Drug Interactions: Additive effect with catecholamine-depleting drugs (e.g.
reserpine) and MAOIs and increased plasma concentrations with CYP2D6
inhibitors (e.g. bupropion, cimetidine)
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ALBENDAZOLE
Generic Name: albendazole
Brand Name: albenza
Dosage: Usual Adult dose for hydatid disease
- Less than 60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses twice a day
with meal
- Maximum dose: 800 mg/day
Usual adult dose for Neurocysticercosis
- Less than 60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses twice a day
with meals
- Maximum dose: 800 mg/day
Available Dosage Form: Tablet
Therapeutic Classification: It is an anthelmintic (an-thel-MIN-tik) or anti- worm
medication and prevents newly hatched insect larvae (worms) from growing or
multiplying in your body
Adverse drug reactions: Headache, increased intracranial pressure, dizziness,
fever, vertigo, meningeal signs, alopecia, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting,
acute liver failure
Side effects: extreme fatigue, loss of coordination, sore throat, skin rash
Indication: Treat certain infection caused by worms
Contraindication: liver disease or bone marrow suppression
Drug Interactions: Increased serum concentrations with
dexamethasone, praziquantel and cimetidine.
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LORATADINE
Generic Name: loratadine
Brand Names: Alavert, Claritin, Claritin Reditab, Clear-Atadine
Dosage: Usual Adult dose for Allergic Rhinitis
- 10 mg orally once a day
Maximum dose: 10 mg/day
Usual adult dose for Urticarial
10 mg orally once a day
-Maximum dose: 10 mg/day
Available Dosage Form: tablets, oral suspension, and syrup
Therapeutic Classification: It is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of
natural chemical histamine in the body
Adverse drug reactions: upper respiratory tract infection, dry mouth, epistaxis,
pharyngitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, stomatitis
Side effects: headache, somnolence nervousness, and fatigue
Indication: It is used to treat sneezing, runny nose, watery eye, skin rash or allergy
symptoms and also treat skin hives
Contraindication: asthama, liver disease, kidney disease
Drug Interactions: May increase plasma concentrations w/ inhibitors of CYP3A4
and/or CYP2D6 (e.g. cimetidine, erythromycin, ketoconazole, clarithromycin,
quinidine, fluconazole, fluoxetine
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CLOMIPHENE
Generic Name: Clomiphene
Brand Name: Clomid
Dosage: Treatment of the selected patient should begin with a low dose, 50 mg
daily (1 tablet) for 5 days. The dose should be increased only in those patients
who do not ovulate in response to cyclic 50 mg CLOMID
Available Dosage Form: Tablets
Therapeutic Classification: It is a non-steroidal fertility medicine. It causes the
pituitary gland to release hormones needed to stimulate ovulation (the release of
an egg from the ovary).
Adverse drug reactions: ovarian enlargement, invasive ovarian cancer, risk of
multiple or ectopic pregnancy
Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea
Indication: Anovulatory infertility
Contraindication: past or present liver disease, untreated or uncontrolled
problem with your thyroid or adrenal gland, tumor of your pituitary gland
Drug Interactions: May enhance adverse effect of ospemifene
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DONEPEZIL
Generic Name: donepezil
Brand Names: Aricept, Aricept ODT
Dosage: For adults at initial 5 mg once daily at bedtime, may increase to 10 mg
once daily after 1 month, if needed
Available Dosage Form: tablet, film coated; tablet-orally-disintegrating
Therapeutic Classification: This improves the function of nerve cells in the brain.
It works by preventing the breakdown of a chemical called acetylcholine
Adverse drug reactions: urinary incontinence, bradycardia, duodenal/gastric
ulcers, GI hemorrhage, seizures
Side effects: fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps
Indication: Mild to moderately severe dementia in Alzheimer's disease
Contraindication: history of stomach ulcers, heart rhythm disorder, liver or kidney
disease
Drug Interactions: Increased risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with
antipsychotics and Decreased plasma concentrations with enzyme inducers (e.g.
rifampicin, phenytoin).
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OXYBUTYNIN
Generic Name: oxybutynin
Brand Name: Ditropan XL
Dosage: Usual Adult Dose for Urinary Incontinence
Immediate Release Tablets/Syrup/Solution:
Recommended dose: 5 mg orally 2 to 3 times a day
Maximum dose: 5 mg orally 4 times a day
Extended Release Tablets:
Recommended dose: 5 to 10 mg once a day at approximately the same time each
day
Maximum dose: 30 mg/day
Transdermal System (Patch):
Recommended dose: 3.9 mg/day applied to dry, intact skin on the abdomen, hip,
or buttock twice weekly (every 3 or 4 days); a new application site should be
selected with each new system to avoid reapplication to the same site within 7
days
Available Dosage Form: Tablets, Gel, Patch
Therapeutic Classification: This reduces muscle spasms of the bladder and urinary
tract.
Adverse drug reactions: Dry mouth, constipation, nausea, abdominal pain;
blurred vision; headache, dizziness
Side effects: runny nose, decreased sweating, heartburn,
Indication: Overactive Bladder
Contraindication: ulcerative colitis, stomach disorder, liver disease
Drug Interactions: Co-administration with other anticholinergic drugs may cause
undesirable increased anticholinergic effects. Additive sedation with CNS
depressants and alcohol.
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SUCRALFATE
Generic Name: Sucralfate
Brand Name: Carafate
Dosage: Usual adult dosage for duodenal ulcer
1 g orally 4 times a day
Duration of therapy: 4 to 8 weeks
Usual adult dose for Duodenal Ulcer Prophylaxis
Oral Tablets: 1 g orally 2 times a day
Duration of therapy: Up to 1 year
Available Dosage Form: Tablets, oral suspension, powder
Therapeutic Classification: It works mainly in the lining of the stomach by
adhering to ulcer sites and protecting them from acids, enzymes, and bile salts.
Adverse drug reactions: Nervous: Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia,
vertigo
Side effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, indigestion, gastric
discomfort, dry mouth
Indication: Ulcers of the cupper gastrointestinal tract
Contraindication: Diabetes, kidney disease
Drug Interactions: May increase total body burden of Al with drugs that contain
Al (e.g. Al-containing antacids)
- May reduce absorption of tetracyclines, ranitidine, ketoconazole,
theophylline, phenytoin, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and
digoxin.
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INDAPAMIDE
Generic Name: Indapamide
Brand Name: Lozol
Dosage: Adult dose for edema
- Initial dose: 2.5 mg orally once a day
Adult dose for hypertension
- Initial dose: 1.25 mg orally once a day.
Available Dosage Form: Tablets, Powder
Therapeutic Classification: It is a diuretic and works by causing the kidneys to
eliminate large amount of water and salts
Adverse drug reactions: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pain, diarrhea, constipation,
orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, metabolic
alkalosis.
Side effects: headache, mild rash
Indication: Used to treat edema and hypertension
Contraindication: Anuria, severe hepatic impairment
Drug Interactions: Additive effect with other antihypertensive agents and
diuretics.
Increased chance of hypokalaemia with corticosteroids, corticotropin and
amphotericin.
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RANITIDINE
Generic Name: ranitidine
Brand Name: zantac
Dosage: Stress ulceration of upper gastrointestinal tract
Adult: 50 mg by slow IV initial as priming dose followed by 0.125-0.25 mg/kg/hr as
continuous IV infusion then transfer to oral dose of 150 mg bid once oral feeding
is resumed
Hyper secretory conditions
Adult: Initially, 1 mg/kg/hr, may increase by increments of 0.5 mg/kg/hr beginning
after 4 hr if necessary.
Available Dosage Form: tablets, capsules, powder, oral syrup, injectable solution
Therapeutic Classification: works by reducing the amount of acid your stomach
produce produces.
Adverse drug reactions: agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia,
acquired immune haemolytic anaemia, and pancytopenia
Side effects: headache, drowsiness, sleep problems
Indication: History of acute porphyria
Contraindication: porphyria, liver disease, kidney disease
Drug Interactions: Delayed absorption and increased peak serum concentration
with propantheline bromide. Ranitidine minimally inhibits hepatic metabolism of
coumarin anticoagulants, theophylline, diazepam and propranolol.
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NAPROXEN
Generic Name: naproxen
Brand Names: Aleve, EC-Naprosyn, Flanax Pain Reliever, Midol Extended Relief,
Naprelan 375, Naprosyn
Dosage: Adults Acute Gout
-Initial dose: 750 mg (naproxen) or 825 mg (naproxen sodium) orally
once on first day of attack
-Following initial dose: 250 mg (naproxen) or 275 mg (naproxen
sodium) orally every 8 hours until attack subsides
- Rheumatic disorders
- Adult: 0.5-1 g daily as a single or in 2 divided doses
Available Dosage Form: Tablets
Therapeutic Classification: It works by reducing hormones that cause
inflammation and pain in the body.
Adverse drug reactions: Anaphylactic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, MI, stroke, GI hemorrhage and
perforation, jaundice and/or fatal hepatitis, renal failure
Side effects: stomach pain, headache, swelling, itching skin
Indication: pain or inflammation caused by conditions such as arthritis,
ankylosing spondylitis, tendinitis, bursitis, gout, or menstrual cramps
Contraindication: Asthma, history of heart attack, heart disease, liver and kidney
disease
Drug Interactions: May enhance methotrexate toxicity. Reduced BP response to
ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists and increased risk of serious
GI events (e.g. ulcer) with aspirin
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CARISOPRODOL
Generic Name: Carisoprodol
Brand Names: Soma, Vanadom
Dosage: 250 mg to 350 mg three times a day and at bedtime
Available Dosage Form: Tablets
Therapeutic Classification: It is a muscle relaxer that’s blocks pain between brain
and nerves
Adverse drug reactions: renal failure, stroke, anaemia
Side effects: nervousness, irritability, muscle weakness and cramps, headache
Indication: It is used to treat Skeletal muscle conditions such as pain or injury
Contraindication: a history of drug abuse or addiction
Drug Interactions: May enhance methotrexate toxicity
Reduced BP response to ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
Increased risk of serious GI events (e.g. ulcer) with aspirin
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Conclusion
In overall, by this drug bank I have gathered lot of information and the
news drugs I have got to know from different resources. And each drug
quite interesting which plays different role in preventing or treating any
disease.
Reference
- BNF
- MIMS
- drugs.com, https://www.drugs.com/drug_information.html
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