Detailed Lesson Plan in Science
I.Objectives
At the end of the lesson, 100% of the students must be able to attain 75% level of
proficiency to:
1. Identify the different classes under the Sub-Phylum Vertebrata.
2. Determine the distinguishing features of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals.
II.Subject Matter
TOPIC: Phylum Chordata
SUB-TOPIC: Sub-Phylum Vertebrata
CURRICULUM GUIDE: S8LT-IVh-20
LEARNER’S MANUAL: Science Learner’s Module, pages 258-266
REFERENCE:
TEACHER’S GUIDE: Pages 183-185
Biology II pages 236-247
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChS__MF13GE
CONCEPTS:
Vertebrates – are animals with backbone.
Different Classes under Sub-Phylum Vertebrata
a. Class of Fishes – aquatic; scales for protection; fins for movement; gills for
gas exchange; lay eggs to reproduce; and cold-blooded animals.
 Sub –Class Agnatha (Jawless Fishes)
 Sub –Class Chondrichthyes ( Cartilaginous Fishes)
 Sub –Class Ostheichthyes (Bony Fishes)
b. Class Amphibia – adults usually terrestrial; larva are aquatic; soft and moist
skin; lay eggs to reproduce; and cold-blooded animals.
c. Class Reptilia – terrestrial; dry skin; internal fertilization; and cold-blooded
animals.
d. Class Aves - terrestrial; body covered with feathers and with wings and
forelimbs adapted for flying; internal fertilization; and warm-blooded animals.
e. Class Mammalia– terrestrial and aquatic; body covered with hair; give birth
alive; and warm-blooded animals.
MATERIALS:
Powerpoint presentation, LCD Projector, laptop, flashdrive,illustration board,
activity kit (manila paper and marker), sample pictures, video clip, speaker, chalk and
board, test papers, photocopies of activity sheets
SKILLS:
1. Identifying the different classes under Phylum Chordata.
2. Determining the distinguishing features of representative fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammals.
VALUES:
Show appreciation on the importance of vertebrate animals in the environment.
III. Procedures
Teacher’s Activity
Student’s Activity
A. Routinary Activities
Prayer:
Please stand up and let us pray. Lead
the prayer _____.
(The students will pray.)
Greetings:
Good morning class.
Good morning Ma’am. Good morning
classmates. Mabuhay!
Checking of Attendance:
Is there any absent for today?
(The attendance officer will report to the
class.)
Checking of Assignments:
Class, I asked you to bring the
materials for today’s activity and make
some research about vertebrates.
Did you do your assignment?
Good, we will be using those
materials later in the activity. Keep all
your materials under your work table
first.
Yes, Ma’am.
(Materials will be placed under their
work table.)
Review of the Previous Lesson:
Last time, we had discussed about
invertebrates, again what are those ?
Invertebrate animals are animals without
backbone.
Correct. Now, give some examples
of invertebrate animals.
Is there any question regarding our
previous lesson?
Good. Since you really understand
our lesson, give yourselves a “Aling
Dionisia Clap”.
(Answers may vary.)
None, Ma’am.
(Students will do a “Aling Dionisia
Clap”.)
B. Motivation:
Class, we are going to have a
guessing game, named “Name That
Tune”, but before we proceed, group
leaders will you please come here in
front and get your materials that you
will use for the game.
(The leaders of each group will get their
materials.)
Now listen carefully to the
mechanics of the game.
The tune of the song will be played
within 10-15 seconds. While the music
is playing,you have the chance to write
the answer on the illustration board.
The first group who will raise their
answer correctly get the point. If you
fail to guess it, the other groups will
have the chance to win the point. We
only have six songs. The group with the
highest points will be our winner.
Understood?
Yes, Ma’am.
Are you ready?
Yes, we are ready.
Let us start.
(Students will play Name That Song.)
Title of the song to guess:
Three Little Ducks
Eye of the Tiger
Baa Baa Black Sheep
Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer
Five Little Monkeys
Mary Had A Little Lamb
INTRODUCTORY PERIOD:
(The title of the songs are posted on
the board.)
By simply observing the titles of the
song on the board, what do they have in
common?
All of the given titles have the name of
an animal on it.
Nice observation. We have duck ,
tiger, sheep, reindeer, monkeys and
lamb in the list. What do these animals
possess that invertebrates don’t have?
Ma’am those animals have backbones.
That’s right! And that backbone has
connection in our today’s lesson.
How do you call those animals with
backbones?
Animals with backbone are called
vertebrates.
Very good. And that will be our
itenerary for today. We are going to
explore the world of vertebrates.
Class,are you excited?
Yes, Ma’am.We’re Excited.
Again what are vertebrates?
That’s right. How about the Classes
of organisms under sub-phylum
vertebrata. Are you familiar with them?
Vertebrates are called animals with
backbones.They have an internal framework
known as an endoskeleton.
Yes, Ma’am.
Good. Then name those 5 classes of
organisms.
Alright. For you to furtherly know
about these vertebrates, we will have a
short activity. Are you ready?
The 5 classes of organisms under subphylum vertebrata are: Class of Fishes,Class
Amphibia,Class Reptilia,Class Aves and Class
Mammalia.
Yes Ma’am, we are ready?
Leaders, please get your activity
sheet .
(Leaders will get their activity sheets)
A. Pre –Activity
Class, what is the title of the
activity?
The title of the activity is “Comparing
Vertebrate Animals.”
What is the objective that we
need to meet for today?
To determine the features of
representative fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds
and mammals.
Be reminded that this is a group
activity, you must cooperate with
your leader, share ideas quietly;
maintain cleanliness and orderliness
of the room while performing the
activity.
B. Activity Proper
Class, each group will receive
an activity kit, containing manila
paper, and marker which you will
use to answer the guide questions
given.
Here are the following questions
that you need to answer.
(Questions will be projected on
white screen.)
Q1. Describe the body covering.
Q2. In terms of reproduction, how
do they differ?
Q3. Which animals are
ectothermic? Which are
endothermic?
Q4. Which are aquatic animals?
Which are terrestrial animals?
You are given only 10 minutes
to perform the activity.
(Students will do the activity.)
(The teacher will supervise the
students while performing the
activity.)
C. Post- Activity
Okay, our time is up.
Class, may you post your work
on the board and explain.
Group 1 will be the first
reporter, then 2 and lastly group 3.
Is that clear?
Yes, Ma’am.
(The group leaders will report the result
of the activity.)
Guide Questions:
Q1. Describe the body covering.
Q2. In terms of reproduction, how
do they differ?
Q3. Which are ectothermic? Which
are endothermic?
A1: Fishes are covered with scales for
protection; amphibians have soft and moist
skin; reptiles are covered with dry skin; birds
are covered with feathers and with wings and
forelimbs for flying; and mammals are covered
with hair.
A2: Fishes and amphibians lay eggs to
reproduce, reptiles and birds undergo internal
fertilization and mammals give birth alive.
A3: Birds and mammals are endothermic
animals while fishes, reptiles, and amphibians
are ectothermic animals.
Q4. Which are aquatic animals?
Which are terrestrial animals?
A4:
Fishes are aquatic, reptiles and birds
are terrestrials, amphibians and mammals are
both aquatic and terrestrial animals.
(Sample pictures of animals in
each class will be shown in support
of the discussion.)
APPLICATION
Nice. Since you are now familiar
with all the features of the different
vertebrates. I prepared a surprise
game for you.We are going to
complete this table using the given
cartolina strip.
Vertebrate
Body
Covering
Fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Reproduction
Body
Temperature
Habitat
Examples
Let us start.
(Students will fill up the blank table
using flash cards.)
Vertebrate
Body
Reproduction
Body
Temperature
lay eggs to
ectothermic
Habitat
Examples
Covering
Fishes
scales
aquatic
reproduce
lamprey
sharks
stingray
Amphibians
Reptiles
soft and
moist
skin
lay eggs to
reproduce
dry skin
internal
fertilization
ectothermic
ectothermic
both
aquatic
and
terrestrial
frog
terrestrial
crocodiles
toads
Snakes
Birds
Mammals
feathers
with
wings
and
forelimbs
internal
fertilization
body
covered
with hair
give birth
alive
endothermic
terrestrial
ostrich
chicken
endothermic
both
terrestrial
and
aquatic
dogs
cats
bat
GENERALIZATION:
To wrap up our discussion, what
can you say about the
distinguishing features of
vertebrates?
In terms of their body coverings: Fishes
are covered with scales; amphibians with soft
and moist skin; reptiles with dry skin; birds
with feathers and wings; and mammals are
covered with hair.
For their body temperature: Animals
belong to Class Aves and Mammalia are
warm-blooded and under Class Reptilia,
Amphibia and Class of Fishes are coldblooded.
When we are talking about their mode of
reproduction: Fishes and amphibians lay eggs,
reptiles and birds through internal fertilization
and mammals give birth alive.
Lastly for their habitat: Reptiles and
birds live on land; fishes live on water;
amphibians and mammals live both on land
and on water.
Very well said!
VALUING:
Now that you already know the
different features of vertebrate
animals, let’s talk about their role or
importance to us humans.
I have here a 3-minute video
about the relationship of humans to
other vertebrate animals. I want you
analyze the message of the video
and reflect on it afterwards.
Is that clear?
Yes, Ma’am.
(The video clip will play.)
What is the title of the video
clip?
The title of the video clip is “Man”.
What do you think is the
message of the video?
The message of the video is that don’t
treat animals as heartless creatures and avoid
cruelty and inhumane activities.
Very well said. As the highest
form of vertebrates, what is our
responsibility to other vertebrates?
Very good! Always remember
that animals have heart that feel,
eyes that see and families to care
for, just like you and me.
Ensuring animal’s welfare is our
responsibility that includes consideration for
all aspects of animal well-being.
IV. Evaluation:
Multiple Choice: Choose and encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. My body is covered with hair. I give birth alive. I live both on land and water. I am
warm-blooded. Where do I belong?
a. Class Reptilia
b. Class Amphibia
c. Class Mammalia
d. Class Aves
2. I undergo internal fertilization. I can fly because I have my wings and forelimbs. My body
covered with feathers. I am warm-blooded. I live on land. Where I belong?
a. Class Mammalia
b. Class Reptilia
c. Class Amphibia
d. Class Aves
3. If amphibians: soft and moist skin, how about fishes: _____?
a. Scales
b. Feathers
c. Hair
d. Dry skin
4. If reptiles: internal fertilization, how about birds: _____?
a. Internal fertilization
b. Lay eggs to reproduce
c. Give birth alive
d. External fertilization
5. If mammals: body covered with hair, how about reptiles: _____?
a. Scales
b. Feathers
c. Soft and moist skin
d. Dry skin
V. Assignment:
Identify the given animals whether a fish, reptile, amphibian, bird, and mammal. Write
the answer on the space provided.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alligator = ____________
Bear = ________________
Tuna = ________________
Salamander = ___________
Penguin = ______________
Prepared by:
Bautista, Angie M.
Bachelor of Secondary Education
Biological Science