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Chapter 12 notes for assignment

Solid

Particle

Proton

Electron

Neutron

Liquid Gas

Definite shape

Definite volume

Molecules vibrate in fixed positions

Cohesion & adhesion

Hardness

Malleability

Tensile strength

Ductility

Takes the shape of its container

Definite volume

Molecules flow over each other

Takes the shape of its container

Same volume as its container

Molecules move rapidly in all directions and collide

Properties

Cohesion & adhesion

Viscosity

Surface tension

Capilary action

Expansion

Diffusion

Charge

+1

-1

0

Elasticity

Hardness

Stress

S=F/A

Tension

Compression

Shearing

Bending

Hooke’s Law

F/

∆l = k

Mass density, D m

=m/V Weight density, D w

=F w

/V

Specific gravity=D material

/D water

For example the properties of elasticity of a solid. I have relate the elasticity to my daily life activity such as spring in the mechanical pencil or pen.

Elasticity is the property of a material, which under stress recovers its original shape after the removal of the external load. If the material regained its original shape completely, then it is said to be perfectly elastic. Steel, copper, aluminium, etc. may be grouped under perfectly elastic materials within certain limits of deformation. Thus, for each material there is a critical value of load, generally known as elastic limit, which marks the partial breakdown of elasticity. Loading the material beyond this point leads to permanent deformation.

The metal coil spring of a mechanical pencil provides the necessary tension to advance the lead.

A mechanical pencil works by a spring pushing the lead through a funnel every time you click the eraser or a button on the side. The spring on the inside pushes the lead forward slightly every time so that you can get the right amount of lead that you need to use.

The two clicks that you hear when pressing the top button on a retractable ballpoint 'click pen ' are a key to understanding the mechanics happening inside of it: A rotation, extension, and lock of the spring -loaded ink cartridge, pushing the ballpoint tip into place outside of the casing.

The pen's barrel houses an ink cartridge with the ballpoint tip, two springs —one at the top and one at the bottom—and a plastic tube which is press fit inside the metal barrel of the pen so that it is fixed in place. Inside that tube is where all the action happens.

Hardness of a material is the ability of a material to resist penetration by a hard material or object. The hardest material is diamond and the one with least hardness is talcum.

brick better than wood is because of the wear and tear wood goes through. You have to worry about termite damage, and even water damage.

Another reason wood might not stand up to brick is because it needs to be chemically treated to resist pests.

The material can also expand and contract in harsh storms, not to mention warp or twist during bad weather.

To make repairs on wood, it requires refinishing or replacement in some cases.

Wood is more of a traditional material for your home. Typically brick houses are more affordable than block homes.

Compression spring: designed to operate with a compressive load and found in shock absorbers, spring mattresses, mechanical pencils, and retractable pens.

https://www.fictiv.com/hwg/design/types-of-springs-and-their-applications-an-overview

Applications of Compression Springs

The compression spring is typically an open coil helical spring that comes in a number of different body sizes, pitches and diameters depending on its intended use. It functions by absorbing potential energy as it is compressed, releasing this energy after it is allowed to expand.

Compression springs have many applications within industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, not to mention consumer goods.

An example of a compression spring in action would be a car's suspension system. In conjunction with shock absorbers and linkages the spring absorbs the shocks that otherwise would create a very uncomfortable driving experience.

Compression springs are used within electrical switches to keep the switch in either the on or off position, a seemingly mundane application but it prevents our lights from switching themselves off.

Compression springs are vital in helping maintain pressure in offshore oil rigs, as a heavy compression spring provides the optimal pressure that is crucial offshore.

Here at European Springs and Pressing Ltd we understand the importance of having a high quality spring in a variety of materials to best suit your intended purpose. As one of Europe's leading manufacturers of hot coiled compression springs, we offer springs for use in businesses such as the pulp and paper industry as well as offshore, infrastructure and automation.

Our helpful team members can help you design the compression springs you need for your business, in a range of materials from basic steel to super alloys Inconel and Hastelloy, which are perfect for high temperatures and pressures. With European Springs and Pressings Ltd you can always have the exact spring needed for your purpose, providing you with high quality compression springs at a competitive rates. For more information, please do not hesitate to contact us about our expert services. https://www.europeansprings.com/applications-of-compression-springs/

What is a compression spring ? A compression spring is an open coil helical spring that offers resistance to a compressive force applied axially. They can be formed in many shapes, which include cylindrical, conical, barrel and hourglass.

Ballpoint Pens

Springs are used in much more than you may imagine. A common use of compression springs is in pens, in which they are used to create retraction and elasticity in ballpoint pens. With its function, the compressed spring is pushed all the way in before letting the push-pin go. This is how we get the ‘clicking’ motion on the pens. https://www.airedalesprings.co.uk/common-uses-for-compression-springs/

Compression springs are devices made up of helically formed coils with pitch in between used to push back on an applied force or load in order to return to its original position when the force or load is released. They are the most commonly used type of spring as well as the most economical. There are many types of compression springs used to fulfill certain functions for many applications, devices, and/or mechanisms. https://www.acxesspring.com/compression-spring-uses.html

What is your body made of? Your first thought might be that it is made up of different organs—such as your heart, lungs, and stomach—that work together to keep your body going. Or you might zoom in a level and say that your body is made up of many different types of cells. However, at the most basic level, your body—and, in fact, all of life, as well as the nonliving world—is made up of atoms, often organized into larger structures called molecules.

Atoms and molecules follow the rules of chemistry and physics, even when they're part of a complex, living, breathing being. If you learned in chemistry that some atoms tend to gain or lose electrons or form bonds with each other, those facts remain true even when the atoms or molecules are part of a living thing. In fact, simple interactions between atoms—played out many times and in many different combinations, in a single cell or a larger organism—are what make life possible. One could argue that everything you are, including your consciousness, is the byproduct of chemical and electrical interactions between a very, very large number of nonliving atoms!