YEAR 9:
CELL STRUCTURE AND
ORGANISATION
Cg Nizah
2017
Q1:Show and explain the structure of animal
cell and plant cell
Q2: Identify and describe cell
structures (cell membrane, nucleus
and cytoplasm for animal cells; cell
wall, cell membrane, nucleus,
cytoplasm, sap vacuole and
chloroplasts for plant cells)
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
CELL MEMBRANE
Cell membrane:
• Thin layer that surrounds the cell
• It is semi-permeable
membrane. (allow some
substances to enter / leave
cell but not others)
E.g. It allows useful substances to enter but
not the waste product.
Oxygen Vs Carbon dioxide
What do you think is the advantage of this?
• Jelly like substance
• Consists of water 70% to 90% and many
chemical compounds
• Contain many small vacuoles which
contain food and water.
• Many activities are carried out
in the cytoplasm. Example:
 Food is broken down to
release energy.
 Enzymes and other proteins
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
• Controls activities in the cytoplasm and
reproduction of the cell.
• Nucleus contains the threadlike material
called chromosomes.
• Chromosomes contain hereditary
materials called GENES.
• Genes control what organism looks like
and how it function.
CELL WALL
• Cell wall is made up of
cellulose
• The cell wall supports and
protects plant cell and
gives regular shape.
• The cell wall is fully permeable.
• Large vacuole for plant cell and Small
vacuole for animal cell.
• Old plant will have one large vacuole and
a young plant would have a few large
vacuole
VACUOLE
VACUOLE
• A plant vacuole contains liquid
called cell sap.
• Cell sap is made up of water
and dissolve substances like
sugar and salts
• The cell sap helps to support the
cell, making it turgid by taking
in water.
CHLOROPLAST
• Chloroplast contains green
pigment called chlorophyll
(green colour).
• Plants make food in chloroplast.
• The chlorophyll traps the sunlight
need to make food by a process
called photosynthesis.
TEST
State which part of a plant cell
a)Makes food?
b)Contains cell sap?
c) Protect and support the cell?
d)Controls all activity in the cell?
e) Controls the movement of substance into and out
of cell?
COMPARE THE VISIBLE DIFFERENCES IN
STRUCTURE OF THE ANIMAL AND PLANT
CELLS
CELL WALL
VACUOLES
CHLOROPLAST
CYTOPLASM
ANIMAL CELL
Animal cell do not
have cell wall
Animal cell has many
small vacuoles
Animal cell has no
chloroplast
Animal cell is filled with
cytoplasm
PLANT CELL
Plant cell have cell wall
Plant cell has only
one/few large vacuole
Plant cell has chloroplast
Plant cell has a thin lining
of cytoplasm
SUMMARY FROM LAST CLASS
1.What does semi permeable membrane
means?
2.What is the FUNCTION OF CYTOPLASM?
3. What is the FUNCTION of nucleus?
4.What does Chromosome contain?
5.What is the FUNCTION of chloroplast?
Q3: State, in simple terms, the relationship between cell structure
and cell function for:
i). root hair cells – absorption
ii) Identify these cells from diagrams and from
photomicrographs
MODIFICATION OF CELL STRUCTURE FOR
SPECIFIC FUNCTION
Why would you want to
modify a car?
THE ROOT HAIR CELLS
• The root hair cell is
found at the tip of the
root.
• It is specially modified
so that it can absorb
water easily for the
plant.
Root hair cells grows
outwards from the
root
Which part of
plant cell you
don’t see in
root hair cell?
To store a lot of
Itwater
has in
large
the
vacuole?
Why?
vacuole
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF ROOT HAIR CELL
HOW DOES THE STRUCTURE OF THE
ROOT HAIR CELL HELPS WITH
ABSORPTION?
i) Grows
To increase surface area for
outwards
absorption of water and mineral salts
from the cell
ii) Large
Stores as much water as possible
vacuole
XYLEM VESSEL
Xylem is made up of a number of long tube-like
structures called the xylem vessels.
FORMATION OF XYLEM VESSEL
Each cell wall
is thicken with
lignin (a tough
substance)
Lignin is to support
the plant
XYLEM VESSEL
• In plants, a tissue
called the xylem
transport water and
mineral ions from the
roots to the stems and
leaves.
The xylem:
transport
water and
mineral ions
from the
roots to the
stems and
leaves.
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF XYLEM
VESSEL
Support the plant
ROOT HAIR CELLS AND XYLEM VESSEL
Q: State, in simple terms, the
relationship between cell structure
and cell function for
red blood cells – transport of oxygen
Identify these cells from
diagrams and from
photomicrographs
BLOOD VESSEL
RED BLOOD CELL
Yearred
8 Question:
• The
blood cell transport
oxygen
from
the lungs
to all
What is the
function
of red
parts
the body.
bloodofcell?
• It contains red pigment
called Haemoglobin.
• Haemoglobin is the one
that carries oxygen.
MODIFICATION OF RED BLOOD CELL
1. BICONCAVE DISC
Give large surface area to
easily pick up and release
oxygen
2. NO NUCLEUS
So that more haemoglobin, to
carry oxygen
PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF HUMAN
BLOOD SMEAR
BRIEFLY DESCRIBE HOW THE FOLLOWING CELLS ARE
MODIFIED FOR THEIR SPECIAL FUNCTION
1.Root hair cell (2)
2.Red blood cell (2)
POINTERS (IA 1)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Draw and label animal cell and plant cell
Functions of parts
Differences between animal and plant cell
Function of Root hair cell
Features that help to absorb water efficiently? HOW?
Function of Red blood cell; what carries the oxygen?
Features that help to transport oxygen? HOW?