Name Date 1. When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the solution: a. Moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration b. Is hypotonic c. Is hypertonic d. Has reached equilibrium 2. When the concentration of a solution is the same on both sides of a selectively permeable membrane, the two solutions are _____ to each other. a. Hypotonic c. Isotonic b. Hypertonic d. Intratonic 3. What is the difference between two isotonic solutions and two solutions that have reached equilibrium? a. The isotonic solutions have higher concentrations than the solutions in equilibrium b. The solution in equilibrium have higher concentrations that the solution that are isotonic to each other c. There is no difference in the sense that solutions that have reached equilibrium to each other are also isotonic to each other 4. One major difference between osmosis and diffusion is that osmosis _______________________ and diffusion ______________________. a. Requires energy . . . does not require energy b. Does not require energy . . . requires energy c. Requires a selectively permeable membrane . . . does not require a selectively permeable membrane d. Occurs in animal cells . . . occurs in prokaryotic cells 5. Another major difference between osmosis and diffusion is that osmosis _______________________ and diffusion ______________________. a. Moves solutes . . . solvents b. Moves solvents . . . solutes c. Moves solutes . . . solutions d. Moves solvents . . . solutions 6. Cells occasionally need to take in or drink large amounts of water. Which term best describes the process by which cells drink or take in packets of water? a. Exocytosis c. Pinocytosis b. Phagocytosis d. Endocytosis 7. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called: a. Osmosis c. Active transport b. Equilibrium d. Facilitated diffusion 1 8. A difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion is: a. Facilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration b. Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move substances in or out of the cell c. Facilitated diffusion requires energy d. Diffusion requires energy 9. Every cell exists in a(n) ______________ environment that it needs to a survive. a. Warm c. Organic b. Nitrogenous d. Liquid 10. A solution in which the salt concentration is higher outside the cell than the salt concentration inside the cell is called: a. Hypotonic solution c. Cytotonic solution b. Isotonic solution d. Hypertonic solution 11. A solution in which the salt concentration is lower outside the cell than the salt concentration inside the cell is called: a. Hypotonic solution c. Cytotonic solution b. Isotonic solution d. Hypertonic solution 12. You eat very salty potato chips. The cells in your mouth become saturated on the outside with salt. What happens to the cells in your mouth as they react to the elevated salt environment? a. Salt moves out of the cells causing them to shrink b. Water moves out of the cell causing them to shrink c. Salt moves out of the cells causing them to burst d. Water moves out of the cells causing them to burst 13. A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell? a. Salt moves out of the cells causing them to shrink b. Water moves out of the cell causing them to shrink c. Salt moves out of the cells causing them to burst d. Water moves out of the cells causing them to burst 14. Which of the following statements about endocytosis is true? a. Endocytosis is a broad term that includes both phagocytosis and pinocytosis. b. Endocytosis is a broad term that includes both exocytosis and pinocytosis. c. Endocytosis is a narrow term that includes phagocytosis but not pinocytosis. d. Endocytosis is a narrow term that includes pinocytosis but not phagocytosis. 15. When a cell needs to get rid of waste products and push them out of the cell, which term describes the process? a. Exocytosis c. Pinocytosis b. Phagocytosis d. Endocytosis 2 16. If a large cell consumes or eats another smaller cell, say a tiny bacterium, which term best describes the process? a. Exocytosis c. Pinocytosis b. Phagocytosis d. Endocytosis 17. The structure of a eukaryotic cell membrane is best described as: a. A uniform lipid bilayer that looks the same from every angle b. A strong, rigid layer protecting the cell c. A lipid bilayer d. A single lipid layer 18. Which method of transport moves substances in or out of the cell and requires energy? a. Diffusion c. Facilitated diffusion b. Active transport d. Osmosis 19. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from: a. An area of low concentration to an area of high concentration b. An area of high concentration to an area of low concentration c. An isotonic solution to a hypotonic solution d. An area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration 20. Which of these is part of the cell membrane? a. Triglycerides b. Phospholipids c. ATP d. Ribosomes 21. The phospholipids are special because: a. They have hydrophilic regions b. They have hydrophobic regions c. They are triglycerides d. Both A and B 22. Which of the following best describes the structure of the cell membrane? a. Two layers of lipid molecules with their hydrophobic tails tucked inside and hydrophilic heads on the outside, and protein molecules suspended in the layers b. Two layers of lipid molecules with their hydrophilic tails tucked inside and hydrophobic heads on the outside, and protein molecules suspended in the layers c. Two layers of lipid molecules with their hydrophobic tails tucked inside and hydrophilic heads on the outside, and protein molecules sandwiched between layers and the proteins do not touch the cytoplasm d. Two layers of lipid molecules with their hydrophilic tails tucked inside and hydrophobic heads on the outside, and protein molecules sandwiched between layers and the proteins do not touch the cytoplasm 23. Chloride ions move from a 10% solution to a 1% solution. This is called: a. Diffusion c. Osmosis b. Active transport d. Exocytosis 3 24. If a cell has a solute concentration of 0.07%, which of the following solutions would be hypotonic to the cell? a. 0.01% solute c. 1% solute b. 0.1 % solute d. 10% solute 25. Which of these are passive transport mechanisms? a. Osmosis c. Phagocytosis b. Diffusion d. Both A and B 26. Which of the following is necessary for osmosis to occur? a. A permeable membrane c. An isotonic solution b. A semi-­permeable d. ATP membrane 27. All cells have a plasma membrane. a. True b. False 28. The plasma membrane is another name for cell membrane. a. True b. False 29. All of the following are functions of the cell membrane except: a. To form a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell b. To protect and support the cell c. To control what enters and leaves the cell d. To manufacture proteins 30. Which of the following statements about cytoplasm is true? a. The cytoplasm of a cell is composed exclusively of pure water. b. The cytoplasm of a cell is composed of a solid network of microtubules without water. c. The cytoplasm of a cell is composed exclusively of a solution of pure NaCl (salt) and pure water. d. The cytoplasm of a cell contains a solution of many different substances in water. 31. Cell membranes are semipermeable (aka “selectively permeable”). This means: a. The ability to allow only certain molecules in the cell b. The ability to allow only certain molecules in or out of the cell c. The ability to allow only certain molecules out of the cell d. The ability to allow all molecules in or out of the cell 32. Phospholipids are composed of: a. Fatty acids and alcohol b. Triglycerids and phosphate c. A non-­polar head group and polar fatty acid tails d. Phosphate and oleic acid 4 33. Which of the following statements is true? a. Molecules that are hydrophilic cannot easily pass through plasma membrane, if they are small enough, because they are water-­hating like the interior of the membrane. b. Molecules that are hydrophobic cannot easily pass through plasma membrane, if they are small enough, because they are water-­hating like the interior of the membrane. c. Molecules that are hydrophilic can easily pass through plasma membrane, if they are small enough, because they are water-­hating like the interior of the membrane. d. Molecules that are hydrophobic can easily pass through plasma membrane, if they are small enough, because they are water-­hating like the interior of the membrane. 34. Which of the following statements is true? a. Molecules that are hydrophilic cannot easily pass through the cell membrane—at least not without help—because they are water-­loving like the exterior of the membrane, and therefore excluded from the interior of the membrane. b. Molecules that are hydrophilic cannot pass through the cell membrane—no matter what—because they are water-­loving like the exterior of the membrane, and therefore excluded from the interior of the membrane. c. Molecules that are hydrophilic can pass through the cell membrane—at least not without help—because they are water-­loving like the exterior of the membrane, and therefore excluded from the interior of the membrane. d. Molecules that are hydrophilic can pass through the cell membrane—at least not without help—because they are water-­hating like the exterior of the membrane, and therefore excluded from the interior of the membrane. 35. Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is true: a. It is rigid c. It is stiff b. It is flexible d. It is without shape 36. You discover a new microorganism. It’s outer covering is composed of peptidoglycan. Your working hypothesis is that this organism is: a. An animal c. A plant b. A bacterium d. A fungus 37. ______________________ are attached to many of the proteins in the cell membrane. The function of these attachments is to ____________________________. a. Triglycerides . . . act like chemical identification cards, allowing the cell to know when to replace the proteins with nascent proteins b. Carbohydrates . . . act like chemical identification cards, allowing individual cells to identify one another c. Ribosomes . . . create new proteins at the site of the cell membrane d. Lipids . . . provide rigidity to the cell membrane 5 38. Which statement about cell walls is false? a. Cell walls are located on the inside of the cell membrane. b. Cell walls are located on the outside of the cell membrane. c. Cell walls of plants are composed mostly of cellulose. d. Cell walls are porous enough to allow some substances to pass easily through them. 39. A solution is: a. A mixture of two or more substances b. A mixture of three or more substances c. A mixture of NaCl (salt) and water—other mixtures are called solvents d. A solvent and a lipid bilayer 40. All cells have a cell wall. a. True b. False 41. You dissolve sugar into water. Sugar is the ____________ and water is the ______________. a. Solute . . . solution c. Solvent . . . solute b. Solute . . . solvent d. Solvent . . . solution 42. You dissolve 15 g of sugar into 3 L of water. What is the concentration of the solution? a. 5 grams per liter c. 3/15 grams per liter b. 5 liters per gram d. 3/15 liters per gram 43. You dissolve 12 grams of NaCl (salt) into 6 liters of water. What is the concentration of the solution? a. 2 g/L c. 0.5 g/L b. 2 L/g d. 0.5 L/g 44. In diffusion, when equilibrium is reached: a. Solute particles stop moving across the membrane b. Solute particles continue to move across the membrane in both directions c. Solute particles will start to form high concentrations on only one side of the cell again d. Solute particles will start to form low concentrations on only one side of the cell again 45. Which of the following statements about diffusion is false? a. Diffusion does not require energy b. Diffusion depends on random particle movements c. Diffusion occurs when substances are present in non-­uniform concentrations in a solution d. Diffusion is the flow of solutes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration 6 In the diagram below, the dots are solute particles and the membrane in the middle of the beaker is permeable to water but not to the solute particles. 46. What process do you expect to happen in the beaker? a. Osmosis c. Facilitated diffusion b. Diffusion d. Cytolysis 47. What substance will move across the membrane? a. The solute particles b. Water c. Lipids d. No movement 48. If you chose a, b, or c for question # 44, draw an arrow under the diagram to represent the direction that the substance will move in the beaker. (water will move ß) 49. Osmotic pressure refers to: a. Pressure coming from the isotonic side of a selectively permeable membrane b. Pressure coming from the hypotonic side of a selectively permeable membrane c. Pressure coming from the intratonic side of a selectively permeable membrane d. Pressure coming from the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane 7 50. Complete the following chart by circling the correct answer in each cell of what would happen to the animal and plant cell when placed in different types of solutions. Solution Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic a. b. c. a. b. c. Effects of Osmosis on Cells Animal Cell Plant Cell No change in the cell a. No change in the cell Cell loses water and shrinks b. Vacuoles collapse Cell gains water, swells/bursts c. Vacuoles swell No change in the cell d. No change in the cell Cell loses water and shrinks e. Vacuoles collapse Cell gains water, swells/bursts f. Vacuoles swell a. No change in the cell b. Cell loses water and shrinks c. Cell gains water, swells/bursts d. No change in the cell e. Vacuoles collapse f. Vacuoles swell 51. When a cell swells and then bursts due to an osmotic imbalance, this is called: a. Plasmolysis c. Hydrolysis b. Cytolysis d. Lysomosis 52. When a cell loses water due to an osmotic imbalance, this is called: a. Plasmolysis c. Hydrolysis b. Cytolysis d. Lysomosis 53. Why do plant cells behave differently than animal cells when placed in a hypotonic solution? a. A cell wall contains many more aquaporins than a cell membrane so it allows water to move freely across the cell wall b. A cell wall is polar whereas a cell membrane is non-­polar c. A cell wall is much stronger than a cell membrane and prevents the plant cell from bursting d. A cell wall has a high concentration of phospholipids to prevent structural changes 54. Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is false? a. Facilitated diffusion is passive b. Facilitated diffusion does not require ATP c. Facilitated diffusion relies on transport proteins, which are specific only to certain molecules d. Facilitated diffusion can move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration 8 55. Which of the following statements is true? a. Protein channels used in facilitated diffusion may be configured to transport several types of molecules;; for example, the same protein could transport glucose, fructose, and NaCl (salt). b. Protein channels used in facilitated diffusion are always configured to transport several types of molecules;; for example, the same protein could transport glucose, fructose, and NaCl (salt). c. Protein channels used in facilitated diffusion are configured to transport only one type of molecule;; for example, one protein would transport glucose and other protein would transport fructose. d. Protein channels used in facilitated diffusion are configured to transport molecules in one direction only. 56. Facilitated diffusion is fast. a. True b. False 57. All of the following are examples of active transport except: a. Phagocytosis c. Endocytosis b. Exocytosis d. Facilitated diffusion 58. Which of the following statements about active transport is false? a. Active transport requires energy b. Active transport occurs in cells that have no way to perform diffusion c. Active transport is generally carried out by protein pumps d. Transport of larger materials sometimes involves changes to the shape of the cell membrane e. In active transport, molecules can move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration 59. Which of the following statements about exocytosis is true? a. During exocytosis, the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material to be expelled fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell. b. During exocytosis, the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material to be expelled fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents into the cell. c. During exocytosis, the membrane of the golgi apparatus surrounding the material to be expelled fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell. d. During exocytosis, the membrane of the centriole surrounding the material to be expelled fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell. 60. How to protein pumps work? a. Protein pumps do not use energy and change their shape spontaneously b. Protein pumps passively carrying molecules across a cell membrane c. Proteins pumps use energy (ATP) but do not change their shape, instead they use covalent bonds to carry molecules across a cell membrane d. Protein pumps use energy (ATP) to change their shape 9 61. Transport proteins and proteins pumps are the same thing. a. True ß 188, this is true. b. False 62. Aquaporins are: a. Passive organelles that move water within the cytoplasm of a cell b. Polysaccharides that move water within the cytoplasm of a cell c. Membrane channels that move water across the lipid bilayer d. Active transport molecules that move water across the lipid bilayer 63. A molecule that contains an uneven charge distribution with positive and negative poles is: a. Polar c. Neutral b. Non-­polar d. A lipid 64. A molecule with an even charge distribution is: a. Polar b. Non-­polar c. Water d. Isotonic 65. Water is: a. Polar b. Non-­polar c. Neutral d. Isotonic 66. Pressure from fluid within a plant cell pushing against the cell wall is called: a. Osmotic pressure c. Pinocytoic pressure b. Hypotonic pressure d. Turgor pressure 67. Mochi puts his plant in a solution of pure water. As a result, the plants droops over. The plant: a. Has lost turgor pressure and become plasmolyzed b. Has lost pinocytoic pressure and become flaccid c. Has lost water and become turgid d. Has lost cellulose and become turgid 10 Use the following diagram to answer the next several questions. 68. For each of the three cell diagrams above, label the cell as either plasmolyzed, flaccid, or turgid. 69. For each of the three cell diagrams above, label the cell as being in either an isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic solution. 70. Cell walls of bacteria are composed of: a. Cellulose b. Chitin c. Peptidoglycan d. Phospholipis 71. Cell walls of fungi are composed of: a. Cellulose b. Chitin 72. Peptidoglycan is: a. A polymer of sugars and amino acids b. A nucleic acid c. Peptidoglycan d. Phospholipis c. A lipid d. An amino acid monomer 11