Forms of
Communication
Chapter 3
when speaking about communication it
is very important to be sure about
what kind of communication are we
speaking about, mainly: what type of
things are communicated, between
what agents, and with what kind of
results
Chapter 3
Communication takes many
forms according to the style of
expression, the occasion and
situation, the symbols and the
medium used as per the
relationship between the
persons involved and such other
factors
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The different forms of communication are:
One-way and Two way
Formal and Informal
Verbal and Non-Verbal
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The different forms of communication are:
Written and oral
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal
Internal and External
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The different forms of communication are:
Vertical and Horizontal
Group Communication
Mass Communication
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One-way and Two way
One
One -- Way
Way Communication
Communication
Two
Two -- Way
Way Communication
Communication
9Satisfied with low accuracy
9information is transferred in only one direction
9Not concerned with frustration, confidence,
and morale problems
9Wants to keep the amount of time involved in
communicating as low as possible
9Wants the process to appear neat and orderly
9Must be competent person because everyone is
listening.
9Can give the perception of being orderly
because no one can question
9Can also give the perception that the person is
confident and that the person will act on what
they perceive to be accurate information
9A high degree of accuracy
9It is interactive.
9Needs high confidence, low frustration and
high morale
9Not concerned with the amount of time the
process takes
9Willing to pay the associated costs
9The communicators makes mistakes and
these are pointed out by the feedback.
9How does the communicator handle the
questions – do they become defensive
9The communicator has to differentiate where
each person is at which can be different
depending on the decoding of the receiver.
Chapter 3
One-way and Two way
Chapter 3
Formal and Informal
Formal
Formal Communication
Communication
Informal
Informal Communication
Communication
9Conservative language is used but
contractions are avoided
9Slang and colloquial terms, gestures and
movements are restrained
9It is scheduled in advance & has prearranged
participants and pre-set agenda
9It moves along established “channels” of
communication within the organization
9It use un-official, mostly oral and less
intimidating language and is conversational
9Gestures, movements, colloquial terms may be
used.
9It may be unscheduled, with random
participants, no pre-set agenda.
9It encourages flow of new ideas
9Being personal carries the enthusiasm rather
than dry, bureaucratic logic and allows two way
communication
9It promotes a more open climate and fosters
harmonious relationship and co-operation
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Formal and Informal
Formal
Formal Communication
Communication
Informal
Informal Communication
Communication
9It is official, precisely written, saves
time and avoids the embarrassment of
face to face contact when the subject is
sensitive or painful.
9Disadvantages: It is too rigid, worded
in bureaucratic jargon, takes time, money
to produce, tends to be authoritarian and
being impersonal fails to motivate
employees
9Formal—letters, plans/reports, formal
meetings (with high ranking “officials”)
9Disadvantages: It is too flexible,
difficult to apply systematically, can
lead to spreading inaccurate
information and indiscriminating
disclosure of confidential information,
often colored by emotion that can
distort meaning and difficult to trace
when enquiry is made.
9Informal—telephone conversations,
informal meetings (with “worker”), email
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Verbal and Non-verbal
Verbal
Verbal Communication
Communication
Non
-Verbal Communication
Non-Verbal
Communication
9Communication by the use of
words and language
9Communication by using
symbols
9It can convey very complex ideas
and is necessary for discussion and
explanation
9It includes everything that is
around the speaker as well as the
body language
9It is more controlled
9It is instinctive, largely
unconscious, and very difficult to
control
9It is always accompanied by nonverbal
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Written and Oral
Written
Written Communication
Communication
Oral
Oral Communication
Communication
9It is to be used when the other
person is not present
9It is more natural and
immediate
9Long and complex messages are
best conveyed in writing.
9Both the parties should be
present and attentive at the same
time
9It can be preserved
9It has the advantage of
immediate feedback and
opportunities to seek and give
clarification
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Intrapersonal and Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Intrapersonal Communication
Communication
Interpersonal
Interpersonal Communication
Communication
9It is between two or more persons
9It is the most important method of
building up and maintaining
relationships and of working
together.
9The intrapersonal communication
of both persons affects their in
interpersonal communication.
9For better interpersonal
communication one has to develop
self awareness to deal with one’s
intrapersonal communication
9It is what goes within mind
9Has a continuous flow of thought in
mind
9Does not follow any particular
sequence
9Many of this are at sub-conscious
level
9Thoughts, views, opinions and
attitudes are part of intrapersonal
communication
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Intrapersonal and Interpersonal
Interpersonal Communication Is a Process
(Fluid rather than static---it doesn’t
happen in a vacuum)
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Internal and External
Internal
Internal Communication
Communication
External
External Communication
Communication
9Movement of messages within the
organization is the internal
communication
9It moves along the lines of authority,
upward and downward and also
horizontal
9The style and quantity affect the
atmosphere in the organization
9Informal communication in the
organization is called the grapevine which
moves horizontally
9Changes can be brought about in the
organization’s functioning by modifying
the style of internal communication
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9Movement of messages from and to
outside are called external message
9The style and tone of outgoing
communication affects the
organization’s public image.
9The messages coming are to be
properly documented, passed to the
concerned person and filed for future
for future references
Internal and External
Grapevine is nothing
but the informal communication in the organization
that moves horizontaly
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Vertical and Horizontal
Internal
Internal Communication
Communication
External
External Communication
Communication
9It moves between the persons
of equal status in the
organization
9It moves along the lines of
authority and hierarchy
9There are formal channels
in this communication
9It includes all the message that
move between person of equal
status in the organization
9More formal
9Less formal
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Group Communication
Group Communication
It takes place in meeting helps in understanding a situation, exploring
possibilities and in solving problems because it allows a multiple point
of view. It gives the participants an over-view of the organization and
the issues discussed and enable them to appreciate other people’s point
of view. Multiple barriers operate in group communication. The
participants have to be committed to group decisions and activity. The
size of the group affects its communication. The minimum number is
three and the maximum for effective communication is ten, though
larger groups of up to fifteen can manage to have effective
communication
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Mass Communication
Mass Communication
Mass communication is a public communication is a one way
communication which includes messages disseminated by
radio, television, the press and the cinema. It is used for
circulating information and instruction to the people, for
disseminating information about themselves; for advertising;
and for propaganda. It has single source and multiple receivers,
the content is open to all, audiences are heterogeneous and it
can establish simultaneous contact with every large numbers of
people at a distance from the source and widely separated from
one another.
Chapter 3
“Nothing is so simple that it cannot be
misunderstood.”
Chapter 3