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Survey of Historic Costume
6th Edition
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Chapter1: Introduction
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Sumptuary laws are laws that regulate expenditures on luxury goods such as
clothing or furnishings.
a. true
b. false
2. Of the various motivations for dress, which is the one generally acknowledged
to be the primary motive?
a. modesty
b. protection
c. decoration
d. status
3. The earliest textile materials have been found by archeologists in
a. the Middle East
b. Africa
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c. the Western Hemisphere
d. Asia
4. The wearing of skirts by women and of pants-like garments by men is a custom
followed by almost all cultures in almost all parts of the world.
a. true
b. false
5. Zeitgeist is a German word that means
___________________________________________________________.
6. Draped clothing is more often worn in cold climates than warm climates.
a. true
b. false
7. The use of African-inspired printed fabrics for fashionable clothes in the 1990s
is an example of
___________________________________________________________.
8. Which of the following is an accurate statement about fashion?
a. Fashion is a phenomenon present in all cultures and societies at all times.
b. Fashion began in the late 19th century.
c. Fashion appears to have originated in Western Europe during the Middle
Ages.
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d. Fashion originated when fashion designers began forcing women to
change their style of dress frequently.
e. Fashion changes take place only in women's clothing.
9. Folk costume had its major development in the 18th and 19th centuries among
Western European peasants.
c. true
d. false
10. Information about costume is more accurate and more plentiful after the
19th century because
a. costume collections are likely to have actual garments from this period
b. photography was invented in the 19th century
c. fashion magazines began to be published in the 19th century
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
11. This text defines a “theme” as
___________________________________________________________.
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Part I: The Ancient World, 3000 BCE–CE 300
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Which of the following civilizations were important centers of power during
overlapping time periods?
a. Sumerian, Egyptian, and Roman
b. Babylonian, Etruscan, and Mycenean
c. Babylonian, Egyptian, and Minoan
d. Etruscan, Greek, and Sumerian
e. Roman and Mycenean
2. Which garment is generally described as one that covers the torso and has an
opening for the head and arms and is roughly T-shaped?
________________________________________________________
3. The garments of the civilizations of the ancient world were, with a few notable
exceptions, draped rather than tailored.
a. true
b. false
4. The closest modern equivalent to what archeologists call a “fibula” would be
a. a veil
b. a pair of trousers
c. a shawl
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d. a needle for sewing
e. a safety pin
5. Skirts were worn by both men and women of the ancient world.
a. true
b. false
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Chapter 2: The Ancient Middle East, 3500–600 BCE
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. The garment that is thought to have been made from sheepskin or woven cloth
with tufts of fleece incorporated is ___________________.
2. Sources of information about Sumerian costume include engraved markers
used to impress images on clay or wax and excavation of the tomb of a queen
from Ur.
a. true
b. false
3. The smoothly fitting garments depicted on carvings of Babylonian rulers such
as Gudea are thought to be
a. an artistic convention and not a completely accurate representation of how
these garments looked on real people
b. realistic depictions of garments from the 2nd century BCE
c. made of silk
d. made of cotton
e. b and c
4. Assyrian costume for men of the royal family generally consisted of
a. a tunic
b. layers of shawls
c. sandals
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d. jeweled earrings, bracelets, and armlets
e. all of the above
5. In Mesopotamia, skirts and draped garments were replaced by more fitted
tunics in the Babylonian period.
a. true
b. false
6. The costume of upper class Egyptians would be differentiated from that of
lower class Egyptians by
___________________________________________________________.
7. Our knowledge about Egyptian costume is incomplete because
____________________________________________________________.
.
8. The name some authors give to the skirt-like garment worn by Egyptian men
and women is
___________________________________________________________.
9. Animal skins were worn by priests and kings as an upper body covering
because
a. animal hides were the only materials available
b. they served as camouflage during hunting
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c. they believed the powers of the animal would be magically transferred to
the wearer
d. they were expensive and therefore showed the status of the wearer
10. Costume elements that are thought to have first appeared during the New
Kingdom included
a. the sheath dress
b. the long, flowing, pleated linen gown
c. the tunic
d. b and c
e. a, b, and c
11. These new elements may have been a result of invasion from abroad
a. true
b. false
12. Woolen garments were worn by Egyptian priests when they served in their
ceremonial roles in the temples.
a. true
b. false
13. Which textile fiber was most extensively used in ancient Egypt?
___________________________________________________________
14. The differences in costume of the Egyptians and the Mesopotamians may
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be due to
a. use of different types of textile fibers
b. differences in climate
c. differences in standards of taste
d. differences in attitudes toward modesty
e. all of the above
15. Which of the following were not a part of Egyptian dress?
a. boots
b. sashes
c. tunics
d. aprons
e. beaded dresses
16. Revivals of Egyptian styles in the 20th century were inspired by the
discovery of the tomb of King Tutankhamon in 1922 and an exhibition of material
from the tomb of King Tuthankhamon in the 1970s.
a. true
b. false
17. Which of the following statements about the Mesopotamian and Egyptian
civilizations is correct?
a. Both civilizations were located on what is today called the African
continent.
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b. Both produced and used silk fabrics.
c. Both had developed a form of writing.
d. All of the above
e. a and c
18. The evidence found to date indicates that Egyptian women were tattooed.
a. true
b. false
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Chapter 3: Crete and Greece, 2900–300 BCE
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. The Minoans lived ____________________.
2. The conclusion that the Minoans went barefoot inside of their houses comes
from
a. bare feet shown in wall paintings
b. bare feet on statues
c. lack of wear on the floors of the interiors of houses
d. absence of remains of shoes in archeological excavations.
3. Which of the following are aspects of Minoan costume that are not clear?
a. to what extent earrings were worn
b. how tightly fitted were men's belts
c. how women's skirts were constructed
d. whether fabric decoration was woven or embroidered
e. all of the above
4. Minoans wore sheath gowns.
a. true
b. false
5. The costume of the Minoans and that of the Mycenaeans was similar.
a. true
b. false
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6. Pleated linen garments were popular among the Egyptians and Greeks.
a. true
b. false
7. Describe three characteristics of the Doric peplos.
1) ___________________________________________________________
2) ___________________________________________________________
3) ___________________________________________________________
8. What is the name of the garment for men and women that was cut full and
pinned with a number of small pins over the arms?
a. Ionic chiton
b. Doric peplos
c. Doric chiton
d. Hellenic chiton
e. exomis
9. What is said to have been the origin of the Ionic chiton?
a. revival of interest in early Greek styles
b. Egyptian influences
c. the attack of Athenian women against a Greek messenger bringing bad
news
d. the attack of Athenian women against their enemies
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e. Minoan influences
10. When a Greek youth set off on a journey, he would most likely have worn
_______________________________________________.
11. The name of the garment in which Greek philosophers were most likely to
be depicted was _______________________________________________.
12. Under his garment that showed, a philosopher would most likely be
wearing
a. a chiton
b. a petasos
c. an exomis
d. a diplax
e. nothing
13. Infants in ancient Greece were wrapped in bands of fabric, a practice called
a. breeching
b. swaddling
c. training
d. straightening
14. The components of Greek military costume included a close-fitting, shaped
body armor that, in modern terminology, is called:
a. cuirass
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b. greaves
c. shield
d. hauberk
e. byrnie
15. Greek theatrical costume included tragic masks, and tall wigs for male actors
and thick-soled, platform shoes for female actors.
a. true
b. false
16. The correct chronological order for periods in Greek history is:
a. Hellenic Period, Mycenaean Period, Archaic Period, Classical Period
b. Archaic Period, Classical Period, Hellenic Period, Mycenaean Period
c. Mycenaean Period, Archaic Period, Classical Period, Hellenic Period
17. The Hercules knot, the stephane, and laurel wreaths were all part of Greek
costume for _______________________________________________.
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Chapter 4: Etruria and Rome, 1800 BCE–CE 400
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. The major sources of information about Etruscan costume include
a. paintings on the walls of Etruscan tombs
b. the text of books and manuscripts found in Etruscan tombs
c. illustrated books and manuscripts found in Etruscan tombs
d. actual garments found in Etruscan tombs
e. all of the above
2. Etruscan costume shows many similarities to Egyptian costume
a. true
b. false
3. What are the characteristics of Etruscan costume that appear to be unique or
distinctive?
a. Much Etruscan costume is more fitted than costumes in other
Mediterranean cultures of the same period.
b. The Etruscans had some distinctive wraps and cloaks.
c. Etruscan women wore a tutulus and a special badge of status.
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
4. What garment was restricted in use to male Roman citizens?
_______________________________________________
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5. Which of the following garments would be worn by a respectable married
Roman woman?
a. sagum
b. synthesis
c. toga
d. bulla
e. stola
6. Pallium, himation, chlamys, and paludamentum all fall under the general
category of _______________________________________________.
7. If a Roman man said he was going to "put on the sagum" he meant that
a. he was going out for dinner
b. he was going to war
c. he was going to run for office
d. he was a senator who was going to a meeting of the Senate
e. he was going to the public baths
8. A Roman woman who wore a saffron-colored palla, six pads of artificial hair,
and a flammeum would have been a prostitute.
a. true
b. false
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9. The fall of the Roman Empire meant a rapid and radical change in clothing
styles of those regions dominated by Rome.
a. true
b. false
10. Silk fabrics were
a. known to the Etruscans
b. known to the Romans
c. exceptionally expensive
d. b and c
e. a, b, and c
11. The most elaborately cut, fitted, and patterned garments of any of those
from classical antiquity were the clothes of
a. Greece
b. Etruria
c. Rome
d. Egypt
e. Crete
12. Match the description in column 1 with the garment name in column 2.
Column 1
Column 2
i. _____ a loin cloth
A. toga pulla
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ii. _____ a toga worn by the young sons
B. vitta
and daughters of the nobility
iii. _____ a toga worn for mourning
C. synthesis
iv. _____ a heavy, semi-circular cloak
D. toga with folded bands
v. _____ a headdress worn by married
E. subligar
Women
vi. _____ a table napkin brought by guests
F. mappa
when invited to dinner
vii. _____ a special garment worn by men
G. paenula
when invited to dinner parties
viii. _____ a band of color on the tunics of
H. bulla
senators and knights
ix. _____ a type of toga worn in late Roman I. toga praetexta
Empire
x. _____ a locket worn by freeborn
J. clavus
children
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Part II: The Middle Ages, 300–1500
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. In 330, Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to
Byzantium, renamed Constantinople, signaling the decline of Rome and the
western portion of the empire.
a. true
b. false
2. In its history of more than a thousand years, the Byzantine Empire developed
an artistic and intellectual atmosphere in which styles and ideas of both east and
west were merged.
A. true
b. false
3. This person was the first European to cross the continent of Asia and leave a
record of what he had seen and heard.
_______________________________________________
4. “A pattern of change in which certain social forms enjoy temporary
acceptance and respectability only to be replaced by others” is the definition of
_______________________________________________.
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Chapter 5: The Early Middle Ages, 300–1300
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the
Byzantine Empire and Europe during the period between 330 and the 10th
century?
a. European royal styles influenced the styles of the Byzantine Empire.
b. Byzantine court styles influenced the styles of European courts.
c. The styles of the Byzantine Empire and the styles of the European courts
had no influences upon each other.
2. Cotton was the fabric most used by poor people during the Middle Ages.
a. true
b. false
3. The first European cultivation of silkworms and production of silk fiber was
carried out by the ___________________.
4. The costume of the Byzantine Empire combined elements of costume from
Asia with Roman dress.
a. true
b. false
5. The long, narrow, heavily jeweled scarf worn by the Byzantine emperor was
probably derived from the toga with the folded bands.
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a. true
b. false
6. Only men of the Byzantine Empire were permitted to wear the paludamentum.
a. true
b. false
7. One of the most important elements of Byzantine costume was
a. parasol
b. handkerchief
c. jewelry
d. face veils for women
8. Which ruler became the dominant figure in Europe in the late 8th and early
9th centuries? _______________________________________________
9. Which of the following were NOT part of clerical costume in the early Middle
Ages?
a. alb
b. chausable
c. cope
d. stole
e. hauberk
10. What influences on Medieval European life and costume resulted from the
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crusades? _______________________________________________
11. By the 13th century, which of the following textile fibers were available in
Europe?
a. cotton
b. silk
c. linen
d. b and c
e. a, b, and c
12. As all classes of society wore clothing cut in similar ways in the 10th and 11th
centuries, class distinctions were evident in
a. the length of the tunic
b. the fabric of which the tunic was made
c. the shape of the neckline
d. a and b
e. none of the above
13. How were married and older women distinguished from unmarried younger
women in the Middle Ages?
a. Unmarried women wore their hair loose and uncovered.
b. Married women wore their hair loose and uncovered.
c. Married women wore both an over and an under tunic.
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d. Unmarried women could not wear fur-lined mantles.
e. Unmarried women could only wear closed mantles.
14. The reason given for the development of long, pointed-toed shoes in the 12th
century by a monk of the time was
a. The shoes were a fashionable whim that showed that the wearer couldn't
do any work.
b. The shoe style was brought back from East Asia by crusaders.
c. A local count wanted to hide his bunions.
d. Women wanted to call attention to themselves.
e. Shoemakers were trying to sell more shoes.
15. Long pointed shoes were called
_______________________________________________.
16. Which of the following were not styles of the Middle Ages?
a. parti-colored clothes
b. hanging sleeves
c. kalasiris
d. magyar sleeves
e. cowl necklines
17. Which of the following garments worn in the Byzantine Empire were also
worn during the Roman Empire?
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a. the dalmatic
b. the tunic
c. the lorum
d. b and c
e. a, b, and c
18. When the dress of the early Middle Ages is compared with the dress of
ancient Greece and Rome, which of the following are the most pronounced
changes in clothing?
a. Clothing was loosely fitted throughout the Medieval period.
b. Clothing was constructed by cutting and sewing.
c. Men and women wore the same styles.
d. Classical dress was almost always white while Medieval dress was made
in colors.
e. Silk fabric was widely available.
19. Match the classifications in Column 1 with the items of clothing in Column 2.
Classifications may be used more than once.
Column 1
Column 2
a. underwear
i.
______ barbette
b. an outer tunic
ii.
______ pelicon
c. an under tunic
iii.
______ surcote
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d. an outdoor garment
iv.
______ garnache
e. an element of headdress
v.
______ chemise
vi.
______ braies
vii.
______ herigaut
viii.
______ cote
ix.
______ wimple
x.
______ chaperon
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Chapter 6: The Late Middle Ages, 1300–1500
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. The use of sections of different colored fabrics in one garment was called
________________________________.
2. The 14th-century garment called the pourpoint was also called
____________________.
3. The pourpoint
a. originated as military dress
b. attached to hose with strings
c. had a padded front
d. was made either with or without sleeves
e. all of the above
4. Various authors define the cote-hardie in different ways, however they all agree
that it was worn only by the clergy.
a. true
b. false
5. A chaperon with a liripipe was
a. A hood with a long narrow tube of fabric at the back that was attached to a
short cape.
b. A pair of hose with leather soles that was worn instead of shoes.
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c. A belt with long, hanging tassels at the front.
d. A type of outdoor garment that reached to the floor and was lined in fur.
e. The same thing as a tabard.
6. Describe a houppelande.
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7. During the 14th century what had been called a “cote” in women's dress was
called a “gown.”
a. true
b. false
8. During the 14th and 15th centuries styles for men and women began to change
much more rapidly than had been the case in earlier centuries.
a. true
b. false
9. If an artist of the 15th century depicted a woman in a close-fitting gown, and
over this a sideless surcote with a stiffened panel in front that was decorated with
a row of brooches, a contemporary viewer would know at once that
a. the woman was an imaginary person
b. the woman was a French queen or princess
c. the woman was from Italy
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d. the woman was a widow
e. the woman was on a pilgrimage
10. The 15th-century jacket was worn with __________________________.
11. Until they reached the age of four or five, boys of the 15th century were
dressed the same way as girls.
a. true
b. false
12. The costume of students of the Middle Ages served as the basis for modern
academic gowns.
a. true
b. false
13. The custom of buttoning men's coats from the left over the right probably
originated from the construction of Medieval plate armor.
a. true
b. false
14. The custom of wearing black as a sign of mourning was not yet established in
the Medieval period.
a. true
b. false
15. Match the classification in Column 1 with the item of clothing in Column 2.
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Classifications may be used more than once.
Column 1
Column 2
a. undergarment
i. _____ pattens
b. man's headdress
ii. _____ girdles
c. woman's headdress iii. _____ hennin
d. accessory
iv. _____ bowl crop
e. footwear
v. _____ page boy
vi._____ chemise
vii._____ caul
16. Match the classification in Column 1 with the item of clothing in Column 2.
Classifications may be used more than once.
Column 1
Column 2
a. an outer garment worn by
i.
____houppelande (men or
women)
b. a man's outer garment
ii.
____ roc
c. a woman's outer garment
iii.
____codpiece
d. a part of a garment
iv.
____ bourrelet
e. a way of decorating a garment
v.
____jacket
f. a type of headdress
vi.
____ lappet
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vii.
____ plast
viii.
____dagging
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Part III: The Renaissance, 1400–1600
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. The period we call the Renaissance
a. appears to have begun in Constantinople
b. grew out of a renewed interest in the writings and art of classical antiquity
c. began in Northern Europe then spread to the South
d. a and b
e. b and c
2. Among the developments of the Renaissance that continue in use in presentday life can be included
a. the plays of William Shakespeare
b. patterns and styles in textile fabrics
c. the invention of gunpowder
d. styles in furniture
e. all of the above
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Chapter 7: The Italian Renaissance, 1400–1600
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Evidence of influence of Italian trade with East Asia during the Renaissance
is to be seen in
a. the popularity of turban-like headdresses for Italian women in the 15th
century
b. the fashion for blonde hair during the Italian Renaissance
c. the designs in some woven Italian textiles of the Renaissance
d. a and b
e. a and c
2. The depiction in Italian Renaissance paintings of costume is generally quite
detailed and accurate, except for those of ordinary people.
a. true
b. false
3. Differences between the dress of Italians and inhabitants of Northern Europe
during the first half of the 15th century would have included
a. Shoes in Italy were not so long and pointed as in Northern Europe.
b. Women in Italy covered their hair less completely.
c. Men did not adopt the "bowl crop."
d. All of the above
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e. None of the above
4. The Italian word camicia refers to
_______________________________________________.
5. In order to allow the arm to move easily when jacket sleeves of the Italian
Renaissance were cut very tightly, tailors left seams open and the white of the
shirt underneath was visible.
a. true
b. false
6. Which of the following descriptions most accurately reflects the overall
character of women's clothing during the Italian Renaissance of the 15th century?
a. Clothing placed a great deal of emphasis on body curves, fitting closely
through the torso and flaring out widely at the skirt hem.
b. Lavish use of opulent fabrics gave garments of relatively straight cut a
splendid appearance and rich decorative effects were achieved by
carefully manipulating layers of garments.
c. Garments were essentially draped, being based on the styles of classical
antiquity, and relied on soft, flowing textiles very much like those of
Greek and Roman women.
d. Bodices had a deep, V-shaped neckline, filled in by a modesty piece, with
wide revers on either side of the neck, a wide belt, and long, full, flowing
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skirts.
7. A ferronière was _______________________________________________.
8. Among the distinctive characteristics of the dress of Venetian women reported
by foreign visitors in the 16th century were
a. a preference for bleached, blonde hair
b. high, platform soled shoes that affected their balance when walking
c. hair arranged in the shape of two horns at the forehead
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
9. Chopines were ___________________________________________.
10. Italian styles for men in the 16th century were very much influenced by
a. French styles
b. English styles
c. Spanish styles
d. Burgundian styles
e. Middle Eastern styles
11. The fashion for puffed and slashed decoration of costume of men and women
entered Italian Renaissance costume in the 16th century.
a. true
b. false
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Chapter 8: The Northern Renaissance, 1500–1600
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Spain became a major influence in both politics and fashions in the 16th
century because
a. it gained enormous wealth as a result of Columbus's voyage to the
Americas
b. it conquered large territories in France
c. Spanish political ideas and art were superior to those of the rest of Europe
d. Spain's leading role in starting the Protestant reformation gave it a
leadership position throughout Europe
2. Italian influences in styles were brought to France by Catherine de Medici, an
Italian who married a French king as well as the French invasions of Italy.
a. true
b. false
3. Intermarriage among members of royal families from different parts of Europe
helped to spread fashions from one region to another.
a. true
b. false
4. The development of the fashion for wide, stiff neck ruffs came about, in part,
because
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a. Queen Elizabeth liked the style and wore it often.
b. Skills for making lace developed rapidly during the 16th century.
c. The French king passed the Edict of Nantes ,which required all French
people to purchase only French goods.
d. Spanish explorers brought lace back from the Americas.
e. Machine-made lace became very cheap.
5. The slashed decorations with contrasting fabric linings underneath are
supposed to have originated
_______________________________________________.
6. A major change in the fit of stockings came about
a. when men's gowns grew longer and stockings were no longer visible.
b. when trunk hose became fashionable and stockings were more prominent.
c. when knitting machines were invented at the time of Queen Elizabeth I.
d. when men switched from footed hose to duckbill shaped shoes.
e. all of the above
7. Which of the following were NOT elements of men's costume during the 16th
century in Northern Europe
a. pecadils
b. peascod belly
c. farthingales
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d. Venetians
e. culots
8. Which of the following are undergarments today, but were a visible part of the
outer garments in the 16th century.
a. petticoats
b. stays
c. verdugales
d. a pair of bodies
e. farthingales
9. What is the name of the garment that was sheer, gauze-like veils worn
cape-like over the shoulders, with a high, standing collar behind the head?
_____________________________________________
10. Dresses with enormous skirts worn over a wheel- shaped device were called
_______________________________________________.
11. The material used for stuffing trunk hose and doublets to achieve a
fashionable silhouette in the 16th century was called, in England,
_______________________________________________.
12. Match the definition in Column 1 with the term it defines in Column 2 by
writing the letter of the correct term in the blank provided in front of the
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definition.
Column 2
Column 1
A. ropa
i. _____
1 Term used interchangeably with jacket
.
B. drawers
C. jerkin
ii. _____
2 Term for doublet in England
D. bases
.
iii. _____ Trunk hose also referred to as "slops"
E. codpiece
iv. _____
3 Outermost gown for women that fits at the
F. paltock
shoulder
.
and falls loosely to the floor
v. _____
4 A skirted extension of men's jackets, either
attached
.
or a separate garment
G. galligaskins
H. canions
I. supportasse
J. bum roll
vi. _____
5 Support for a ruff
.
vii. _____
6 What were called braies in the Medieval
periods?
.
viii. _____
7 A pad worn around the waist to hold out wide
skirts
.
ix. _____
8 An extension from the end of the trunk hose
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to .the knee
x. _____
9 In lightly fitted hose, a pouch of fabric to
accommodate
.
the genitals
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Part IV: Baroque and Rococo, 1600–1800
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. The style in art that is characterized by lavish ornamentation, free and
flowing lines, that is massive rather than delicate and which predominated during
the end of the 16th century to the middle of the 18th century is known as
_______________________________________________.
2. Toward the end of the style identified in question 1, a trend developed that
was marked by smaller and more delicate design motifs and showed influences
from Chinese and even Gothic styles. This trend is known as
_______________________________________________.
3. The availability and interest in cotton fabrics that grew rapidly in Europe and
America in the 17th and 18th centuries was a result of
a. expanded trade with Japan
b. the cultivation of cotton in America
c. the expansion of trade with Egypt
d. the expansion of trade with India
e. all of the above
4. It was in the textile industry that the first effects of the Industrial Revolution
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were felt.
a. true
b. false
5. Methods of communicating fashion information to consumers of the 18th
century included engraved drawings of fashions and fashion dolls dressed in the
latest styles.
a. true
b. false
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Chapter 9: The 17th Century, 1600–1700
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Fashion was especially important at the court of Louis XIV of France
because the king wanted to keep his courtiers occupied with fashion and etiquette
so that they would have neither the time nor the money to plot against him.
a. true
b. false
2. The political preferences of the two factions in the English Civil War of the
1600s were reflected in their dress, the differences being:
a. The followers of Oliver Cromwell dressed in elaborate fabrics, lavishly
trimmed in lace, wore long, curling hair, and hats with large brims and
feather trim, while the followers of Charles I wore simple, unadorned
clothing in somber colors.
b. The followers of Charles I dressed in elaborate fabrics, lavishly trimmed
in lace, wore long, curling hair, and hats with large brims and feather trim,
while the followers of Oliver Cromwell wore simple, unadorned clothing
in somber colors.
c. The followers of Charles I wore clothing similar to that worn at the court
of Queen Elizabeth I
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1. The Puritans who settled in Massachusetts in the 1600s wore restrained
and simple styles, but did not wear clothing that was radically different in
other respects from the clothing of other English people of their time.
a. true
b. false
4. In which of the following countries did members of the royal family continue
to wear a farthingale-like garment well into the 17th century even though the style
had been abandoned in the rest of Europe?
a. Germany
b. France
c. Spain
d. England
e. Austria
5. The wide garments worn by men at the court of Louis XIV that looked like
skirts were called _______________________________________________.
6. During the 17th century, the trunkhose men wore over the lower part of the
body were replaced by a garment called
_______________________________________________.
7. In 1666 King Charles II of England adopted a new garment to replace current
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styles and he wore it for the rest of his life.
a. true
b. false
8. What was the name of this garment style?
_______________________________________________
9. What was the name in France for the elaborate style of headdress known as a
commode in England?
a. love lock
b. capotain
c. roundhead
d. fontange
e. pantofle
10. Which of the following may have derived from Middle Eastern styles?
a. the manteau
b. the vest
c. fontange
d. a and b
e. b and c
11. Which of the following were NOT devices used in the 17th century in
attempts to have a well-groomed appearance?
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a. artificial eyebrows made of mouse skins
b. lead combs to darken the eyebrows
c. balls of wax placed in the cheeks to give them a plump appearance
d. patches to cover skin blemishes
e. tweezers to pluck out hair around the forehead so as to have a fashionably
high forehead
12. According to French historian Philippe Ariès, the customary dress of for small
boys in the 17th century that was worn between the ages of three and six years
originated in
a. the dress of adult men during the Middle Ages
b. the dress of adult women of the 17th century
c. the dress of girl children of the same age
d. the dress of men from East Asia
e. none of the above--it was a unique design created for small boys
13. The garment worn by these boys (in question 12) consisted of
a. swaddling clothes
b. trunkhose, breeches, and a doublet
c. a long robe
d. a skirt, robe, and apron
e. petticoat breeches and a doublet
14. The long, broad ribbon-like piece of fabric that hung down from back of the
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shoulders of children's clothing in the 17th century were a badge of status that
showed the child was a member of an upper class family
a. true
b. false
15. Clothing for men and women was generally made by male professional
tailors until after the 1700s, at which time women “tailors” or professional
dressmakers were able to make clothing for women but not for men.
a. true
b. false
c.
16. Match the definition in Column 1 with the term it defines in Column 2 by
writing the letter of the correct term in the blank provided in front of the
definition. The same term can be used more than once.
Column 1
Column 2
i. ___A veil worn to cover the hair in Spain
A. guardinfante
ii. ___Flat-soled overshoe with a toe cap that fits over other
shoes to protect them in bad weather
B. mantilla
iii. ___A style of women's dress that was cut in one length
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from the shoulder to the hem.
C. falling band
iv. ___The extension of bodice below the waistline
D. lovelock
v. ___Fashion in men's hairdressing
E. galosh
vi. ___Small balls of wax to give the face a fashionably
rounded shape
F. pantofle
vii. ___Perfume placed in a decorated, perforated box shaped
like an apple
G. mantua
viii. ___Spanish term for the French farthingale
H. pomander ball
ix. ___A backless shoe
I. plumpers
x. ___A flat collar
J. basque
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Chapter 10: The 18th Century
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. The mistress of King Louis XV of France who was influential not only in
politics but also especially in the fine and decorative arts was
a. Marie Antoinette
b. Madame Pompadour
c. Catherine de Medici
d. Anne Boleyn
e. Madame Fontange
2. The style that developed in the last half of the 18th century and was
influenced at least in part by the excavations of the Roman towns of Pompeii
and Herculaneum was called
a. the Baroque style
b. the Rococo style
c. the Gothic style
d. the Romanesque style
e. the Neoclassic style
3. In England, “full dress” described the most formal evening dress.
a. true
b. false
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4. How might a man of modest means in the 18th century acquire his clothing?
a. purchase used clothing
b. join a "breeches club"
c. save enough money over a period of several years
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
5. Short gowns, smocks, and wigs were working class clothing during the 18th
century.
a. true
b. false
6. Which of the following describes the styles in men's clothing that predominated
in the first half of the 18th century?
a. Breeches cut full through the seat, full-skirted outer coats, waistcoats that
were almost as long as the outer coat
b. Breeches cut full through the seat, full-skirted outer coats, waistcoats that
ended at the waist.
c. Breeches that fit closely, narrow coats that curved away to the side,
waistcoats that extended almost to the knee
d. Breeches that fit closely, narrow coats that curved away to the side,
waistcoats that ended close to the waistline
e. Trousers that had an ankle strap to hold them in place, outer coats ending
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at the knee, silk brocade waistcoats
7. Mantua-style gowns for women, men’s dressing gown styles, and some of the
prints and designs in textiles during the 18th century showed examples of
___________and _________________ influence on styles of costume.
8. If a young Englishman of the 18th century referred to his uncle as "square
toes," he meant that
a. His uncle was a supporter of the monarchy.
b. His uncle was old-fashioned.
c. His uncle was rich.
d. His uncle was rich and stingy.
e. His uncle was "cool."
9. When the song “Yankee Doodle Dandy” used the term “macaroni” it was
making reference to the practice of using feathers to trim hats in the American
colonies.
a. true
b. false
10. The lower prices and increases in availability of cotton fabrics in the 1800s
resulted from
a. improvements in the technology for spinning cotton yarns
b. increased demand for cotton fabrics
c. increased planting and harvesting of cotton in Europe
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d. removal of taxes on cotton imports
e. increased trade with Japan
f.
11. Match the definition in Column 1 with the term it defines in Column 2 by
writing the letter of the correct term in the blank provided in front of the
definition. The same term can be used more than once.
Column 1
Column 2
i. ___English
1
men's riding coats
A. beau
.
ii. ___All
2
parts of the garment were made of B. Anglomania
matching
.
fabric
iii. ___Hip-length,
3
loose-fitting garment for
C. redingotes
women
.
iv. ___What
4
would be called an overcoat
D. Steinkirk
today
.
v. ___A
5 style of wearing the cravat that was E. chapeau bra.
named
.
after a battle
vi. ___A
6 man who paid a great deal of
F. eschelles
attention
.
to his dress
vii. ___A
7 woman's hat that could fold up flat
G. pet-en-lair
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.
viii. ___Ribbons
8
used to decorate the fronts of H. ditto suit
bodices
.
ix. ___A
9 man's hat that could be carried flat,
I. greatcoat
under
.
the arm
12. Match the item of clothing in Column 1 with the category in Column 2.
Indicate the answer in the blank provided.
Column 1
Column 2
i.
______ catogan
A. underwear
ii.
______ paniers
B. headdress
iii.
______
C. man's garment
spatterdasher
iv.
______
D. woman's garment
polonaise
v.
______ banyan
E. footwear
13. Match the description in Column 1 with the name or statement that applies to
it in Column 2. The same answer may be used more than once.
Column 1
A. Full, loose dresses worn unbelted.
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B. Dresses that were fitted in the front, but had a loose fitting, pleated back
C. Dresses that were fitted both front and back
D. Dresses that were made of sheer, white muslin
E. An overdress that was looped and puffed out
Column 2
i.
______ chemise a la reine
ii.
______ robe volante
iii.
______ polonaise
iv.
______ robe a l'Anglaise
v.
______ robe a la Française
vi.
______ style referred to the 19th century as having
a "Watteau" back
vii.
______ style popular at the beginning of the 18th
century
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Part V: The 19th Century
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Which of the following are examples of the process of cultural
authentication?
a. use by Native Americans in their costume of European beads and ribbons
b. use by settlers of Native American buckskin fringe decoration on hunting
jackets
c. use by English women of French fashion designs
d. Hawaiian holoku and mu’umu’u
e. a, b, and d
2. The popular 19th-century shawl ornamented with what came to be called a
paisley pattern was always made of cashmere fiber.
a. true
b. false
3. Trade between the West and Japan
a. first began in the 16th century and continued without stopping thereafter
b. first began in the 16th century, was discontinued, then re-opened in the
1850s
c. first began in the 1850s
d. first began after World War II
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e. first began during the Roman Empire
4. Dress reform efforts of the 19th century included the introduction of the
Bloomer costume, Aesthetic dress, and the reform of underclothing.
a. true
b. false
5. Men of the 19th century displayed their socioeconomic status through the
quality of the cut and tailoring of their clothing rather than through the
ornamentation of their clothing.
a. true
b. false
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Chapter 11
The Directoire and Empire Period, 1800–1820
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. For the meeting of the three Estates (classes) of French society that took place
in 1789, the style of dress required for the clergy (the First Estate) was unique, but
the style required for the Second and Third Estates was the same.
a. true
b. false
2. Which of the following costume items are associated with supporters of the
French Revolution?
a. bonnet rouge
b. carmagnole
c. trousers
d. knee breeches
e. a, b, and c
3. The women who wore the most extreme versions of Directoire Style clothing
were known as reticules.
a. true
b. false
4. The differences in women's dresses in England and those in France around
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1800 are thought to have come about because
a. French women developed Anglomania.
b. English women rejected French styles because they didn't like Napoleon.
c. England and France were at war.
d. The French had supported the United States during its revolution against
England.
e. None of the above.
5. In general, styles in the United States in the Empire Period paralleled those
of Europe.
a. true
b. false
6. Scholars agree that the Empire Period styles were a sudden and abrupt
departure from preceding styles that came about as a result of the French
Revolution.
a. true
b. false
7. Before the Empire Period English and American women did not generally wear
under drawers.
a. true
b. false
8. Round gowns are defined as
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_________________________________________.
9. Dresses of the Empire Period were likely to
a. be made of soft, lightweight fabrics
b. be made in white or pastel colors
c. have the waistline placement well above the anatomical waistline
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
10. A spencer is
a. the same as a pelisse
b. a garment for both men and women
c. a type of cape
d. a and b
e. b and c
11. One hairstyle for women during the Empire Period was based on the
haircut given to women before they were taken to have their heads cut off
during the French Revolution.
a. true
b. false
12. Once the French Revolution was over, many men went back to wearing knee
breeches.
a. true
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b. false
13. The difference between trousers and pantaloons was generally that
a. trousers fit the leg more closely
b. pantaloons fit the leg more closely
c. trousers were shorter than pantaloons
d. only old men wore trousers
e. a and d
14. Fashionable boot styles were often named after military units and military
leaders.
a. true
b. false
15. By the Empire Period, boys under the age of five or six were no longer being
dressed like little girls.
a. true
b. false
16. In order to get a sense of how people were supposed to look when fully
dressed for daily activities, one must look at
a. actual costumes in costume collections
b. contemporary paintings and drawings
c. written records of the time
d. photographs
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e. all of the above
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Chapter 12: The Romantic Period, 1820–1850
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Among the influences that the Romantic Movement in the arts had on costume
was
a. revival of elements of earlier historic styles
b. giving romantic names to colors
c. imitation by some men of styles begun by the poet Lord Byron
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
2. Which of the following statements accurately describes the origin of the sun
bonnet?
a. Sun bonnets were developed by pioneer women to keep the sun off their
faces, then were copied in fashionable dress by other women.
b. The fashionable bonnet was transformed by pioneer women into the sun
bonnet.
3. Fashionable dress in the first part of the Romantic Period (up to 1838) included
dresses with lengths reaching to the floor.
a. true
b. false
4. Which of the following were NOT characteristics of fashionable dress in the
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second part of the Romantic Period (after 1838)?
a. dress lengths reaching to the floor
b. full, wide skirts
c. berthas
d. leg-of-mutton sleeves
e. bonnets
5. Because most shoes of this period were flat, shoemakers returned to the
practice of making shoes for right and left feet.
a. true
b. false
6. Galoshes and mackintoshes were popular in part because of the invention of
processes for making items from rubber.
a. true
b. false
7. The style lines of clothing of young boys of the Romantic Period were more
likely to resemble that of their mothers than their fathers.
a. true
b. false
8. The styles of suits worn by young boys in the Romantic period included
a. Eton suits
b. skeleton suits
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c. tunic suits
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
9. Among the records used by researchers to learn about the clothing of African
slaves in the antebellum South are included
a. plantation inventories and financial records
b. advertisements for runaway slaves
c. journals kept by former slaves
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
10. Which of the following statements best describes the differences between the
dress styles for women in the first and second parts of the Romantic Period
(before and after 1838)?
a. Differences were minor and very subtle, and cannot easily be identified.
b. The styles of the early part of the period were subdued, with little fullness
or buoyancy.
c. By the second part of the period, the bounce was gone, replaced by a
sensitive fragility.
d. a and b
e. a and c
11. Sources of information about costume of the period from 1820–1840 include
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British and American women’s magazines and costumes in costume collections.
a. true
b. false
12. The strongest influences on styles in women’s dress of the Romantic Period
generally originated from _____________________.
13. Match the classification in Column 1 with the item of clothing in Column 2.
The same answer may be used more than once.
Column 1
Column 2
A. outdoor garment
i.
___ pelisse
B. a type of sleeve
ii.
___ capote
C. a popular accessory
iii.
___
newmarket
D. man's coat style
iv.
___
chesterfield
E. headdress
v.
___ gigot
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Chapter 13: The Crinoline Period, 1850–1869
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Which of the following events that influenced the mass production of clothing
took place in the period just before the American Civil War?
a. invention of the sewing machine
b. development of the sized paper pattern
c. increased immigration of workers who entered the dress industry
d. the tendency of more women to work outside the home
e. a and b
2. A red shirt worn by women in the 1860s and named after an Italian general was
called _____________________________.
3. The person who is considered to be the founder of the Paris haute couture was
_____________________________.
4. Empress Eugenie was one of the most influential women for establishing
women's clothing styles during the Crinoline Period.
a. true
b. false
5. What item of dress that is still in use today got its start during the Gold Rush of
1849 in California?
a. Levi's
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b. wristwatches
c. sport jackets
d. umbrellas
e. trench coats
6. The factor that was probably most responsible for the widespread
acceptance of the sewing machine was
a. the merchandising methods of Butterick
b. the low cost of the first machines
c. the popularity of ready-to-wear clothing
d. the need for uniforms for soldiers in the Civil War
e. none of the above
7. Which of the following statements about the Bloomer costume is true?
a. The introduction of the hoopskirt was one of the reasons that feminists
abandoned the wearing and promotion of the Bloomer costume.
b. Many of the early costumes for sports for women were modeled on the
Bloomer costume.
c. The ridicule that the Bloomer costume provoked contributed to its demise.
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
8. A new style of woman's dress that was cut from the shoulder to the hem
without a waistline seam and shaped to fit the body by seams and darts was called
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the __________________________________________.
9. A popular jacket for children and adult women that was inspired by the uniform
of Algerian soldiers was the ____________________________________.
10. Frock coats, tail coats, and sack jackets were among the types of suit coats or
jackets that men might wear during the Crinoline Period.
a. true
b. false
11.Match the classification or phrase in Column 1 with the item in Column 2.
Items may be used more than once or not at all.
Column 1
Column 2
A. an outdoor garment
i. ___ snood
B. a type of headdress for women
ii. __ canezou
C. a type of headdress for men
iii. __ burnous
D. an accessory garment for
iv. __ derby
women's dresses
E. a popular type of fabric
v. ___ pardessus
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Chapter 14: The Bustle Period and the Nineties, 1870–1900
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Women wore special costume for riding and bathing.
a. true
b. false
2. Which of the following technological developments contributed to the
development of the ready-to-wear industry in the United States?
a. the development of the sized paper pattern
b. the increase in immigration
c. the development of a machine that would cut many layers of fabric at the
same time
d. the more open class structure of American society
e. all of the above
3. The direct influence of Impressionist art on costume of the period from 1860 to
1900 was extensive.
a. true
b. false
4. The Aesthetic Movement in art grew out of the Pre-Raphaelite Movement
a. true
b. false
5. The Aesthetic dress worn by the English playwright Oscar Wilde was the
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inspiration for
a. fashionable men's costume of the time
b. women's aesthetic gowns
c. the Little Lord Fauntleroy suit
d. the popularity of knickers for golf
e. Kate Greenaway costumes
6. Art Nouveau styles in the arts represented an attempt by artists to develop a
new style with no roots in earlier artistic forms.
a. true
b. false
7. In costume, Art Nouveau style influences were most evident in children’s
costumes and jewelry.
a. true
b. false
8. Arrange the following descriptions in the order in which these styles were
worn.
A. large, rigid, shelf-like bustles
B. full bustle created by manipulation of drapery at the back of the dress
C. a sheath-like fit through the hips, with extensive back fullness trailing
below the hips
a. A, B, C
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b. B, C, A
c. C, A, B
d. C, B, A
9. Which of the following statements are true of women's costume during the first
phase of the Bustle Period?
a. Two-piece garments predominated.
b. Most daytime dress sleeves were short.
c. Necklines were more likely to be square than round.
d. a and b
e. a and c
10. Women's costume in the 1890s had a silhouette resembling
______________________.
11. The most popular sleeve style of the 1890s was the ________________.
12. “Shirtwaist” was a late 19th-century and early 20th-century term for a
_________________.
13. A man would be most likely to wear a Norfolk jacket
a. with trousers to work
b. with knickers to play golf
c. over his bathing suit at the beach
d. to a formal party
e. for a formal audience with Queen Victoria
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14. By the 1890s a man would have worn a bow tie or a neck tie in preference to a
stock or cravat.
a. true
b. false
15. Which of the following is NOT a type of man's hat?
a. fedora
b. bowler
c. deerstalker
d. ulster
e. homburg
16. Although adult women wore hoopskirts and bustles, little girls were not
required to wear these uncomfortable undergarments.
a. true
b. false
17. Which of these were among the factors that contributed to the increased
emphasis on appropriate mourning costume in the 19th century?
a. Widespread imitation of royal and upper-class behavior by the Middle
Class.
b. Availability of fashion magazines with articles about etiquette.
c. Laws that regulated proper mourning dress.
d. a and b
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e. a and c
18. Silk weighting was a process that helped to make silk textiles stronger and
more durable that was introduced in the 1870s.
a. true
b. false
19. By 1890 clothing could be obtained from which of the following sources?
a. department stores
b. mail-order catalogs
c. tailors
d. dressmakers
e. all of the above
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Part VI: From the 20th to the 21st Century
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Fashion designers often use current events, films, and art as inspiration.
a. true
b. false
2. Photographs first became available in the 20th century.
a. true
b. false
3. Motion pictures are an excellent source of information about what was being
worn at the time they were made as they consistently reflect accurate
contemporary styles.
a. true
b. false
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Chapter 15: The Edwardian Period and World War I, 1900–1920
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Which of the following developments in fashion are probably a result of World
War I?
a. the development of shorter and more convenient skirts for women
b. the revival of Empire-line styles for women
c. military influences in women's dress
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
2. Which of the following items that were used by soldiers in World War I
became a part of dress after the war?
a. wristwatches
b. umbrellas
c. rayon fabric
d. rubberized raincoats
e. all of the above
3. The designer Paul Poiret was particularly known for
a. the hobble skirt
b. vivid colors and strong oriental overtones
c. innovative marketing of his designs
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d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
4. The designer Fortuny's most famous design was called the
__________________.
5. Asian influences on styles in the 1910s and 1920s were to be seen in virtually
every category of women’s garments.
a. true
b. false
6. Which of the following items of dress were associated with "automobiling" in
the first decade of the 20th century?
a. dusters
b. a green veil
c. a cap with a visor
d. spatterdashers
e. a, b, and c
7. The silhouette of the Edwardian period is often described as
__________________________.
8. Many women's dresses of the Edwardian Period used
a. crisp, stiff taffeta fabrics in vivid colors
b. heavy, dark, colors in keeping with wartime feelings
c. soft fabrics decorated with tucking, pleating, and lace
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d. brocades similar to those that had been used in the 18th century
e. rayon fabrics which were just beginning to be manufactured
1. The purpose of tea gowns was to provide a less confining costume to wear
with less corseting when "at home."
a.
true
b. false
10. When the styles of the Edwardian Period changed around 1909, the changes
included
1. straighter skirt lines
2. slightly higher waistlines
3. fewer high, boned collars
4. a and b
5. a, b, and c
11. Tailor-mades were called that because they were made by men's tailors rather
than by dressmakers.
a. true
b. false
12. Which of the following would a man be most likely to wear to a formal
evening event in the 1900–1920 period?
a. a frock coat with matching vest and trousers
b. a tuxedo with matching trousers and a dark or white waistcoat
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c. a dark business suit
d. a morning coat with matching trousers and contrasting vest
13. A man would be most likely to wear a trench coat during which of the
following time periods?
a. after 1918
b. before 1900
c. before 1914
d. during the Edwardian decade
e. none of the above
14. The practice of dressing small boys the same way as small girls was
a. still widespread from 1900 to 1920
b. continued until about 1910, then diminished
c. discontinued after 1900
15. Which of the following items became less popular after the use of automobiles
became more widespread?
a. parasols
b. umbrellas
c. walking sticks
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
16. Among the ready-to-wear garments available for women to purchase in the
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1900–1920 period were
a. tailor-mades
b. maternity dresses
c. shirtwaists
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
17. Frilly white cotton or linen dresses decorated with lace, tucks, ruffles, and
embroidery were known as __________________________________________.
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Chapter 16: Twenties, Thirties, and World War II, 1920–1947
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Among the fashion changes in women's clothing of the 1920s, the following
could be considered radical changes never seen in any previous period of Western
dress:
a. Trousers for women.
b. Tailored women's "suits"
c. Knee-length skirts
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
2. Bridal gowns, maternity dresses, and burial gowns were garments excluded
from the L-85 regulations of clothing during World War II
a. true
b. false
3. Which of the following fabrics were readily available and used for clothing
during World War II?
a. silk
b. rayon
c. nylon
d. a and c
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e. a, b, and c
4. Which of the following individuals helped to set the styles in men's clothing in
the 1920s and 1930s?
a. the Prince of Wales
b. Paul Poiret
c. Wallis Simpson
d. Adrian
e. Dwight Eisenhower
5. Zippers were
a. originally known as clasp lockers
b. introduced into use for women's clothing by the designer Chanel
c. introduced into use for men's trousers in the 1930s
d. a and b
e. a and c
6. The designer Elsa Schiaparelli was known for which of the following
innovations?
a. using Surrealist art motifs in her designs
b. using zippers in women's clothing
c. using the color "shocking pink"
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
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7. Why did American fashion designers attract more attention from the American
fashion press during World War II?
a. There were more talented designers who started to work during this
period.
b. With Paris cut off by the German occupation, the press had to turn to
American designers for fashion news.
c. The fashion press wanted to promote American design out of patriotism.
d. No fashion designers were working in Paris.
8. Skirt lengths remained very short—at least 14–16 inches from the ground—
from the beginning to the end of the 1920s.
a. true
b. false
9. In the 1920s a "bob" was _____________________________________.
10. Fashionable young women of the 1920s were referred to as
_________________.
11. Fashionable young men of the 1920s were likely to have in their wardrobes
a. Oxford bags
b. polo coats
c. raccoon coats
d. a and b
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e. a, b, and c
12. In the 1920s evening dresses had been floor-length and daytime dresses had
been short. In the 1930s both evening and daytime dresses were short.
a. true
b. false
13. List four items of clothing or aspects of costume that seem to have gone out of
use as a result of the widespread use of automobiles.
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
14. Match the designer in Column 1 with the question listed in Column 2.
Column 1
A. Gabrielle Chanel
B. Claire McCardell
C. Mainbocher
D. Madeleine Vionnet
E. Jeanne Lanvin
Column 2
i.
______ Who was known for the use of wool jersey in the 1920s?
ii.
______ Who designed the "robe de style?"
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iii.
______ Who designed the wedding dress of the Duchess of Windsor?
iv.
______ Who is considered by some to be the most original American
designer?
v.
______ Who specialized in bias-cut styles?
15. Match the name of the fashion designer in Column 1 with the dates of the time
when he/she was might be considered to be especially in tune with his or her time
by writing the letter of the time period in Column 2 in the space in front of the
designer's name. Although the designer may have been working in several of
these decades, choose only one.
Column 1
Column 2
i. _____ Gabrielle Chanel
A. 1910–1920
ii. _____ Paul Poiret
B. 1920–1930
iii. _____ Madeleine Vionnet C. 1930–1940
iv. _____ Elsa Schiaparelli
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Chapter 17: The New Look: Fashion Conformity Prevails, 1947–1960
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Young people involved in a rebellious literary movement of the late 1950s were
called _______________________________.
2. Among the favorite styles of dress of the group identified in question 1 were
a. zoot suits
b. clothes inspired by Edwardian styles
c. black leather jackets over white T-shirts
d. white buckskin shoes and chino pants
e. pony tails, beards, dirty sneakers, peasant blouses
3. As more Americans moved to the suburbs immediately after World War II,
there was a trend towards increased use of casual sportswear
a. true
b. false
4. New fabrics introduced after World War II included
a. nylon
b. rayon
c. acetate
d. polyester
e. none of the above
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5. Among the major designers active in the period from 1947 to 1960 were
a. Gabrielle Chanel
b. Norman Norell
c. Cristobal Balenciaga
d. b and c
e. a, b, and c
6. Although New York, London, Florence, and Rome became important centers
of fashion in the postwar period, Paris retained its prominence as the most
important center of fashion innovation.
a. true
b. false
7. The New Look did not include:
a. long, full skirts
b. long, narrow skirts
c. large, square shoulder pads
d. nipped-in waistlines
e. rounded, curved hiplines
1. The fashion names given to some of the styles that were introduced in the
late 1950s included
a. trapeze
b. maxi skirt
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c. chemise
d. a and b
e. a and c
9. Styles for men that were especially popular in the 1950s included
a. gray flannel suits
b. bermuda shorts
c. colored dress shirts
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
10. Among the influences on styles in men's clothing of the period between
1947 and 1960 could be included
a. dress of college students
b. dress of English royalty
c. European tailoring
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
11. The U.S. Congress enacted the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act of
1960 to
a. tell consumers the fiber content of fabrics
b. aid consumers who were unable to identify fibers
c. distinguish between those fibers that would burn and those that would not
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d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
12. The "New Look" collection was designed by
___________________________ and was presented to the public in the year
_____________ .
13. Popular designs by couture and other high fashion designers that have
been copied at lower prices are called _______________________ .
14. The young English men who adopted a style of dress with Edwardianstyle lines, wore pointed-toed shoes, and DA hairstyles were called
_______________ .
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Chapter 18: The Sixties and Seventies: Style Tribes Emerge
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Members of the 1960s sub-culture that stressed "love" and freedom from the
constraints of "straight" society were called __________________________.
2. The group identified in question 1 would be most likely to wear which of the
following items of clothing?
a. zoot suits
b. go-go boots
c. beaded head bands
d. business suits
e. black leather jackets
3. In the 1960s, men’s hair was worn longer, beards became fashionable, and
many wore necklaces, bracelets, and earrings.
a. true
b. false
4. Esquire magazine called the change in men's styles ______________________.
5. In the 1960s and early 1970s only counter-culture young people and anti-war
protesters wore blue jeans.
a. true
b. false
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6. Which of the following events had some influence on fashions at some point
between 1960–1980?
a. Nixon's trip to China
b. the U.S. space program
c. the Korean War
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
7. The Civil Rights movement and the growing emphasis on Black pride
influenced the wearing of ______________________________________.
8. The theory that clothing styles originate with the upper socioeconomic class
and then are subsequently copied by lower socioeconomic classes is known as
____________________________________________.
9. The style that the fashion industry decided should replace the miniskirt about
1970 was called
a. the chemise
b. the midi
c. the Dr. Zhivago skirt
d. the micro-mini
e. the maxi
10. The fashion industry was right, and by 1970 the style identified in question 9
had replaced the miniskirt.
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a. true
b. false
11. Women wearing pants in the 1960s were likely to be
a. refused service in fashionable restaurants
b. told they couldn't wear them to work
c. college age or younger
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
12. Among the changes in fashion design that were taking place in the period
from 1960 to 1980 were:
a. more designers were making lines of men's wear as well as women's wear
b. many Paris couturiers were opening ready-to-wear boutiques
c. a number of new couture houses opened
d. a and b
e. b and c
13. The most typical evening dresses of the period when miniskirts were popular
were the same short length as daytime dresses.
a. true
b. false
14. The notable changes in clothing for active sports in the period between 1960
and 1980 included
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a. abandonment of the requirement that tennis players wear white for
tournament play
b. wearing streamlined, stretch knit ski pants
c. wider acceptance of bikini style bathing suits for both men and women
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
15. Mod styles originated in
16. President Kennedy wore a homburg hat to his inauguration in 1961 and started
a fashion for these hats for men.
a. true
b. false
17. Silhouette changes that entered fashion around 1960 included
a. a more loosely fitted line
b. shorter skirts
c. A-line skirts
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
18. Among the fashions that were associated with Jacqueline Kennedy as first
lady were
a. bouffant hairstyles
b. wraparound sunglasses
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c. pillbox hats
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
19. What are some of the changes in women's clothing in the 1960s and 1970s
that have been attributed to the influence of the feminist movement?
a. radically shorter skirts
b. more feminine-appearing clothing
c. see-through blouses
d. less confining underwear
e. corn-row braids
20. Match the name of the art movement in Column 1 with its description in
Column 2.
Column 1
A. Art Nouveau
B. Art Deco
C. Surrealism
D. Op Art
E. Pop Art
Column 2
i.
______ The artistic movement of the 1960s that featured glorified
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representations of ordinary objects, such as soda pop cans and cartoons
ii.
______ The artistic movement that was important during the period from
1890–1910 and which attempted to create an entirely new art without
reference to or basis in the past
iii.
______ The artistic movement of the 1960s that created visual illusions by
the use of patterns
iv.
______ The artistic movement of the 1930s which drew on images from
the subconscious imagination
v.
______ The artistic movement of the 1920s and 1930s that was
characterized by geometric forms derived from artistic expressions of the
past and of modern art
21. Match the definition in Column I with the term it defines, in Column 2 by
writing the letter of the correct term in the blank provided.
Column 1
Column 2
i.
____trousered suits for women
A. prêt-à-porter
ii.
____suits with jackets based on traditional Indian
B. hot pants
men's jackets
iii.
____ready-to-wear
C. pantsuit
iv.
____men's suits with unstructured tops
D. monokini
v.
____topless bathing suit
E. pantyhose
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vi.
____knee-length shorts
F. bermuda shorts
vii.
____full-length, knitted stretch underwear for
G. skimmer
women
viii.
____similar in structure to dancer's tights
H. Nehru suit
ix.
____A-line one-piece dress
I. bodystockings
x.
____very short shorts
J. leisure suit
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Chapter 19: The Eighties and the Nineties: Fragmentation of
Fashion
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Which of the following events did NOT have any effect on the fashion world?
a. the AIDS epidemic
b. quick response manufacturing
c. the singer Madonna
d. the election of Ronald Reagan
e. none of the above
2. The fashion among some young people for dyeing their hair pink, green, blue,
or some other unnatural color, wearing clothing with tears, and making jewelry
from safety pins and razor blades was part of punk styles and rock music
influence.
a. true
b. false
3. Retro fashions could be defined as
a. styles that have their inspiration in clothing styles of the past
b. styles that are not currently fashionable but which are worn by some subcultural group as a statement of group identity
c. styles that originate with street fashion and then become part of
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mainstream fashion
d. styles that are popular with followers of a particular rock group
e. styles that are inspired by a movie which is set in an earlier historical
period
4. Dreadlocks, popular during the 1980s and 1990s, do not exhibit the principle of
fashion known as the “trickle down” theory.
a. true
b. false
5. In 1987 this fashion designer opened the first new haute couture house in Paris
in many years. ________________________________________
6. Interest in fitness increased, creating a demand for more clothing for active
sports in the 1980s.
a. true
b. false
7. The Flammable Fabrics Act requires that certain textile items must meet
specified flammability standards. Which of the following types of garments must
meet these standards?
a. loose-fitting sleepwear for children in sizes 6 months to 14
b. all clothing for children in sizes 0–14
c. all clothing for infants
d. all clothing for senior citizens
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e. all T-shirts
8. When ski clothing is compared to snowboarding clothing, snow boarders
seem to prefer more tightly fitted, spandex suits.
a. true
b. false
9. A downturn in the Japanese economy in the 1990s caused the fashion
world to lose interest in the work of Japanese designers.
a. true
b. false
10. Match the description of a development in costume from Column 1 with
the event in Column 2 that was in some way related to this event. Write
the letter of the correct response from Column 2 in the blank provided in
front of the description in Column 1. The same response can be used more
than once.
Column 1
i.
______ increased sales of children's clothing and willingness to spend
substantial sums for "kiddie couture"
ii.
______ Afro hairstyles, cornrow braids, dashikis, caftans, and Africaninspired textiles
iii.
______ popularity of warm sleepwear
iv.
______ revival of interest in 1920s clothing styles
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v.
______ popularity of the "power suit"
vi.
______ the popularity of "fake fur"
Column 2
A. the affluence of the 1980s
B. increasing numbers of women in management positions in the corporate
world
C. revival of interest in Black consciousness
D. the Civil Rights movements of the 1960s
E. release of the film, The Great Gatsby
F. the energy crisis
G. animal rights activism
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Chapter 20: The New Millennium, 2000–2014
Circle or write in the best answer.
1. Manufacturers and retailers often touted this fiber as a “green” fiber. However,
the Federal Trade Commission considered these companies in violation of the
Textile Products Identification Act. ____________________________________
2. Which of these is an increasingly useful way of transmitting fashion
information.
a. fashion blogs
b. avatars
c. social networking sites
d. the Internet
e. all of the above
3. Multichannel retailing is
a. shopping on television
b. the integration of physical stores, Web sites, and catalogs have become
increasingly important to retailing establishments
c. the exclusive use of the Internet
d. involves only wealthy consumers
4. Which statement accurately describes the origins of major fashion trends in the
new millennium?
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a. Styles remain stagnant with minimal changes.
b. Different styles have different publics; there are no precise rules about what is
to be worn and no agreement about a fashion ideal that represents contemporary
culture.
c. There is no relationship between politics, the arts, and technological advances
and fashion.
d. Fashion is rarely influenced by the past.
5. The LZR Racer Suit was a
a. new ski suit designed to increase speed
b. a new bathing suit that contributed to the breaking of speed records at the
Olympics
c. on the Internet
d. a special outfit for marathon racers
e. a uniform for Olympic track events
6. Some notable trends in the period from 2000 to 2014 include
a. body jewelry
b. hoodies
c. boho
d. Crocs®
e. all of the above
7. Denim jeans and other high-volume clothing items such as business suits,
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baseball caps, T-shirts, and sneakers are deemed _________________ by fashion
scholars.
8. By 2010, there were reports that although the casual dress look may have
remained the preferred style for men, fashion trends dictated a return to the
“dressed-up man” signifying success.
a. true
b. false
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Survey of Historic Costume
6th Edition
Answer Key for Test Bank
Chapter 1
1. a
2.
c
3.
a
4.
a
5.
The spirit of the times
6.
b
7.
Cultural authentication
8.
c
9.
a
10. e
11. recurring or unifying subject or idea
Part I
1.
c
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2.
tunic
3.
a
4.
b
5.
a
Chapter 2
1.
kaunakes
2.
a
3.
a
4.
e
5.
b
6.
the quality of the fabrics used and the addition of costly jewelry
7.
the climate has caused the destruction of most artifacts
8.
schenti
9.
c
10. d
11. a
12. b
13. linen
14. e
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15. a
16. a
17. e
18. a
Chapter 3
1.
On the island of Crete
2.
c
3.
e
4.
b
5.
a
6.
a
7.
It was made of wool with patterned decorations; it appears to have fitted
closely to the body; it was worn during the Archaic period.
8.
a
9.
c
10. a chlamys and petasos
11. himation
12. e
13. b
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14. a
15. b
16. c
17. A bride
Chapter 4
1.
a
2.
b
3.
e
4.
toga
5.
e
6.
mantles
7.
b
8.
b
9.
b
10. d
11. e
12.
i.
E
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ii.
I
iii.
A
iv.
G
v.
B
vi.
F
vii.
C
viii.
J
ix.
D
x.
H
Part II
1. a
2. a
3. Marco Polo
4. fashion
Chapter 5
1.
b
2.
b
3.
Byzantines
4.
a
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5.
a
6.
b
7.
c
8.
Charlemagne
9.
e
10. Use of new fabrics, new foods, and new ideas
11. e
12. d
13. a
14. b
15. poulaines, krakowes, pulley-toes
16. e
17. c
18. e
19.
i.
e
ii.
d
iii.
b
iv.
d
v.
a
vi.
a
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vii.
d
viii.
c
ix.
e
x.
e
Chapter 6
1.
Mi-parti or parti-color
2.
doublet or gipon
3.
e
4.
b
5.
a
6.
A garment worn by both men and women; often made with full, funnelshaped sleeves, worn in the 14th and 15th centuries
7.
a
8.
a
9.
b
10. A skirt
11. a
12. a
13. a
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14. b
15.
i.
e
ii.
d
iii.
c
iv.
b
v.
b
vi.
a
vii.
c
16.
i.
a
ii.
c
iii.
d
iv.
a
v.
b
vi.
d
vii.
d
viii.
e
Part III
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1.
b
2.
e
Chapter 7
1.
e
2.
b
3.
d
4.
A man’s shirt or a woman’s blouse
5.
a
6.
b
7.
A chain of metal or pearls worn across the forehead with a jeweled
decoration located at the center of the forehead.
8.
d
9.
High, platform-soled shoes
10. c
11. a
Chapter 8
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1.
a
2.
a
3.
a
4.
b
5.
With the Swiss army
6.
c
7.
c
8.
a
9.
conch
10. farthingale
11. bombast
12. Matching
i.
C
ii.
F
iii.
G
iv.
A
v.
D
vi.
I
vii.
B
viii.
J
ix.
H
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x.
E
Part IV
1.
Baroque style
2.
Rococo style
3.
d
4.
a
5.
a
Chapter 9
1.
a
2.
b
3.
a
4.
c
5.
Petticoat breeches
6.
Breeches
7.
b
8.
vest
9.
d
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10. d
11. e
12. a
13. c
14. b
15. a
i.
B
ii.
E
iii.
G
iv.
J
v.
D
vi.
I
vii.
H
viii.
A
ix.
F
x.
C
Chapter 10
1.
b
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2.
e
3.
a
4.
e
5.
b
6.
a
7.
Asian and Middle Eastern
8.
b
9.
b
10. a
11.
i.
C
ii.
H
iii.
G
iv.
I
v.
D
vi.
A
vii.
F
viii.
E
ix.
B
12. Matching Definitions
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i.
B
ii.
A
iii.
E
iv.
D
v.
C
13.
i.
D
ii.
A
iii.
E
iv.
C
v.
B
vi.
B
vii.
A
Part V
1.
e
2.
b
3.
b
4.
a
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5.
a
Chapter 11
1.
b
2.
e
3.
b
4.
c
5.
a
6.
b
7.
a
8.
Dresses that do not open at the front to show a petticoat
9.
e
10. b
11. a
12. a
13. b
14. a
15. b
16. b
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Chapter 12
1.
e
2.
b
3.
b
4.
d
5.
a
6.
b
7.
a
8.
e
9.
e
10. c
11. a
12. Paris
13.
i.
A
ii.
E
iii.
D
iv.
A
v.
B
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Chapter 13
1.
a
2.
the Garibaldi shirt
3.
Charles Worth
4.
a
5.
a
6.
d
7.
e
8.
Princess dress
9.
zouave
10. a
11. Matching Classification and Item of Clothing
i.
B
ii.
D
iii.
A
iv.
C
v.
A
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Chapter 14
1.
a
2.
e
3.
b
4.
a
5.
c
6.
a
7.
d
8.
b
9.
e
10. An hourglass
11. Leg-of-mutton sleeve
12. Woman’s blouse
13. b
14. a
15. d
16. b
17. d
18. b
19. e
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Part VI
1.
a
2.
b
3.
b
Chapter 15
1.
d
2.
a
3.
e
4.
Delphos Gown
5.
a
6.
e
7.
S-shaped
8.
c
9.
a
10. e
11. a
12. b
13. a
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14. b
15. d
16. e
17. Lingerie dresses
Chapter 16
1.
d
2.
a
3.
b
4.
a
5.
e
6.
e
7.
b
8.
b
9.
A haircut
10. flappers
11. e
12. B
13. large hats for women, walking sticks for men, parasols, long skirts for
women, canes, pocket watches
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14.
i.
A
ii.
E
iii.
C
iv.
B
v.
D
15.
i.
B
ii.
A
iii.
C
iv.
C
Chapter 17
1.
beatniks
2.
e
3.
a
4.
d
5. b
6.
a
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7. c
8.
e
9.
d
10. b
11. d
12. Christian Dior / 1947
13. knock-offs
14. Teddy boys
Chapter 18
1.
hippies
2.
c
3.
a
4.
The peacock revolution
5.
b
6.
d
7.
Afros, dashikis, and fabrics influenced by Africa such as kente cloth
8.
Trickle-down theory
9.
b
10. b
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11. d
12. d
13. a
14. e
15. England
16. b
17. e
18. e
19. d
20.
i.
E
ii.
A
iii.
D
iv.
C
v.
B
21.
i.
C
ii.
H
iii.
A
iv.
J
v.
D
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vi.
F
vii.
I
viii.
E
ix.
G
x.
B
Chapter 19
1.
e
2.
a
3.
a
4.
a
5. Christian Lacroix
6.
A
7.
a
8.
b
9.
b
10.
i.
A
ii.
C
iii.
F
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iv.
E
v.
B
vi.
G
Chapter 20
1. bamboo
2. e
3. b
4. b
5. b
6. e
7. world dress
8. a
Survey of Historic Costume