Dairy Production
Objectives
A. Explain the importance of the dairy industry;
B. Define terms associated with dairy production
C. List 7 breeds of dairy cattle & their breed
characteristics;
D. Label the internal and external parts of a dairy
cow;
E. Breakdown the cycle of milk production;
F. Describe technologies used on the dairy and
their importance; and
Objective A: Explain the importance of
the dairy industry
MILK
50
• U.S. daily milk production is ________
million gallons.
46
• Youth across the nation drink ______%
of all milk consumed.
• Milk is one of the oldest
______ foods known
to man!
CHEESE
• Michigan Cheese production total is
________
million pounds.
6.7
• 30% of the nations cheese
Mozzarella
production is __________
• 70% of mozzarella is used on
Pizza
____________.
A4
ICE CREAM
• Michigan Ice Cream production is
________million
gallons per year.
17.3
18.2
• _______million
Americans eat ice cream
daily.
A5
Why dairy?
• Dairy foods are the richest source of
_________
Calcium a critical nutrient for everyone.
95% of the
• Dairy products contribute _____%
calcium available in the U.S. food supply.
• 9 Essential Nutrients
– Calcium
– Potassium
– Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Phosphorus
Vitamin B12
Protein
Riboflavin
Niacin
A6
Other assets….
• Disease Prevention
– Osteoporosis
– Hypertension
– Strokes
•Recent research shows – weight loss
advantages
A7
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Calf: Young Bovine
Bull: Male Bovine
Steer: Castrated male bovine
Heifer: Female bovine who has NOT
delivered her first calf
Cow: Female bovine who HAS delivered
her first calf
Colostrum: The first milk produced, rich
in nutrients for newborn calf
Freshen: To calve and begin giving milk
Dry Cow: Cow no longer giving milk
C: List 7 breeds of dairy cattle & their breed
characteristics;
2
1
3
6
4
5
B1
Source: www.bonniemohr.com
Internal Parts: Mammary System
Median Suspensory
Ligament
Fine Membrane
(Between quarters)
Alveoli
Outer Wall
Key External Parts
Pins
Hooks
Rear Udder
Attachment
Milk Vein
Fore Udder
Attachment
Udder
Teats
E. Breakdown the cycle of milk production
Heifer is bred and
delivers a calf 9 months
later
Dry cow rests for a few
months until she calves
again
Cow is placed in the milk
herd where she stays for
12-18 months
When cow’s milk
production declines, she
is bred again and
“dried”
(stops producing milk)
How far have we come?
1-Milking Machines
and Parlors
Hand milking
milk ~6 cows an hour
Milking parlor with
automatic machines can
milk ~100 cows an hour
C
5
2-Storage & Cooling
1861 Mechanical
Refrigeration available
1938 Bulk tanks begin to replace
milk cans
From the milk can to at least a 2500 gallon
tank that automatically cools the milk.
C6
3-Artificial
Insemination
– Increases genetic
quality and diversity
– Today it’s used almost
exclusively on ALL
dairies.
4- TMR – Total
Mixed Rations
– Important for good
health and high milk
production
– Quality feed= high
quality milk and lots
of it
C7
5- Record Keeping and Computers
• DHIA
– Dairy Herd Improvement Association
– Record keeping system for dairies
• Computer programs to better track animals:
– Production
– Pregnancy
– Illnesses
C8
6-BST
• What is BST?
– Bovine Somatotropin
– a naturally-occurring protein hormone
– Regulates milk production and growth in
lactating dairy cows.
• In 1994 Monsanto Company received approval
for the commercial marketing of bST with
the trade name POSILAC®
C9
How does it work?
• bST has 3 functions in a very specific order.
1- Bone Growth: if animal is not fully
grown, it stimulates bone growth
2-Maintenance: If cow doesn’t have
sufficient nutrition and body fat, bst will
help add body condition
3-Milk Production: Once bone growth and
maintenance are balanced, BST increases
milk production.
C10a
Safety
• Cows
– Cows supplemented with
bST are healthy & have
increased yields in milk
– Milk composition is
unaffected
– Reproduction is
unaffected
– Performance of calves
born to cows treated
with bST is excellent
• Humans
– bST is a protein
hormone, not a steroid
hormone
– bST does not alter the
chemical composition in
milk
– The U.S. FDA has
approved human
consumption of milk and
meat from dairy cows
supplemented with bST
C12
Why WOULD Dairy Producers use BST?
• Increased milk production = increased
profits
Why would they NOT use BST?
• Concerned about public perception
It is the CHOICE of the dairy producer
C13