INTRO & WEEK 1 REVIEW
Psych 202; Biopsychology (WTR 2015)
PAST APPROACHES TO
BIOPSYCHOLOGY
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Mind versus brain
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Localization of function
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Dualism - pineal gland theorized to be the connection between soul and
brain by Descartes
Phrenology, lesion studies
Neural communication
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Descartes - Nervous activity “flows” through nerves to and from the brain
(as a liquid)
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES
TO BIOPSYCHOLOGY
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Mind versus brain
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Localization of function
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Workings of the mind represent physical processes in the brain
Lesion Studies
Neural communication
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Ramon y Cajal’s Neural Doctrine: Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous
system
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Neurons are discrete bodies
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Neurons contain dendrites, cell bodies, and axons
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Neural impulses are directional
NEURONS: CLASSIFICATION
BY STRUCTURE
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When classified by structure, there are three main
types of neurons
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Unipolar
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Bipolar
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Multipolar
NEURONS: CLASSIFICATION
BY STRUCTURE
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When classified by structure, there are three main types of
neurons
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Unipolar: one projection containing the axon and dendrites
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Bipolar: two projections, one for the axon and another for
the dendritic tree
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Multipolar: multiple projections, one axon and many
dendritic trees
NEURONS: CLASSIFICATION
BY STRUCTURE
NEURONS: CLASSIFICATION
BY FUNCTION
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When classified by function, there are also three
main types of neurons
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Motor (efferent)
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Sensory (afferent)
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Interneurons
NEURONS: CLASSIFICATION
BY FUNCTION
•
When classified by function, there are also three main types
of neurons
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Motor (efferent): carry info from the CNS to periphery
(efferent/exit)
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Sensory (afferent): carry info from the periphery to CNS
(afferent/arrive)
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Interneurons: relay messages between neurons in CNS
GLIAL CELLS
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Four types
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Macroglia
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(1) Oligodendrocytes
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(2) Schwann cells
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(3) Astrocytes
(4) Microglia
GLIAL CELLS
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Four types
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Macroglia
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(1) Oligodendrocytes: extensions rich in myelin create myelin sheaths
in the CNS
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(2) Schwann cells: similar to function of oligodendrocytes but in the
PNS, can guide axonal regeneration
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(3) Astrocytes: largest glia, star-shaped, blood brain barrier
(4) Microglia: involved in response to injury or disease
GLIAL CELLS
NEUROANATOMY: LOBES
Parietal
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
NEUROANATOMY: BUMPS & DIPS
Sulcus
Gyrus
MATCHING GAME :)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Oligodendrocyte
Axon
Soma
Myelin
Microglia
Astrocyte
Synapse
Blood vessel
TELL-TALE BRAIN: DISCUSS!
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Why is that damaging the right parietal lobe will cause
patients to lose awareness of the left half of visual space
when actually it is occipital lobe that mainly concerned
with visual processing?
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If we figure out how to trigger the phase transition
towards human-level intelligence in other species (such
as dolphins and apes), do you think that we should
enlighten other life on earth?