SIMINAR REPORT
ON
ELECTRONIC PAPER
BY
IGBO VIVAN CHETACHI
16010711083
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY AND TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
GATEWAY POLYTECHNIC SAAPADE OGUN STATE
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE DIPLOMA
REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
SUPERVISOR: MR AWOFODU
Table of content
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Introduction
What is E-paper ?
Construction of E-paper
Working
Properties
Comparision of E-paper & LCD
Advantages
Dis-advantages
Apllication
Future Scope
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• The first E-Paper is developed in 1974’s by
Nicholas K Sheridon at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research
Centre.
• E-Paper is also called Electronic Paper or
Electronic ink Display.
• It is a display unit.
• E-Paper is flexible.
• E-paper have a wide viewing angle.
• A digital pen is also used to create handwritten
document.
WHAT IS E-PAPER
• E-Paper is an electronic ink display unit. It reflect
light like ordinary paper.
• It is capable of holding text and images.
• It is flexible while using plastic materials and
electronics.
• It is more comfortable to read than conventional
display.
• A wider viewing angle.
• It can read directly from sunlight without fading
images.
• Light weight and durable.
• Low power consumption.
Construction of E-PAPER
• It has two different parts.
◦ Front plane.
◦ Back plane.
• The front plane consist of E-ink.
• The back plane consist of electronic circuits.
• To form an E-ink electronic display the ink is printed onto a
plastic film that is laminated to a layer of circuitry.
Back plane layout
Rubber stamp plastic circuitry for electronic
paper
GYRICON
 The first Gyricon E-ink developed in 1974s by “Nick Sheridon” at
Xerox.
 It based on a thin sheet of flexible plastic containing a layer of tiny
plastic beads each encapsulated in oil and it rotate freely.
 Each hemisphere of a bead has different colour and different
electric charge.
 Electric field is applied the beads are rotate, create two coloured
pattern.
LIMITATION
This method have some limitations.
1. Low brightness and resolution.
2. Lack of color.
Other form of E-ink with improve propertys compared
to Gyricon is Electrophorestic
Electrophoretic
• Electrophoretic front plane consist of millions of
micro capsules.
• Each approximately 100 microns in dia.
• Each micro capsule is filled with a clear fluid
containing positively charged white particle and
black particle.
• The disadvantage of this technology is it take
time for the particle to move from one side to
another.
Electro wetting
It is used to display coloured images.
How electronic ink works
• Basically, this form of e-paper is created by sandwiching millions of
tiny plastic wells between two sheets of flexible plastic.
• Each well contains both white and black particles, suspended
within a clear fluid.
• The key to this technology is that the white and black particles have
opposite charges, so when an electric voltage is applied to
individual wells through circuitry embedded underneath – the black
and white particles can be separated to opposite sides.
• In this way, the face-up side of each well can be set to appear either
as black or white as seen through the top layer of clear plastic.
• Each well functions as a separate pixel on the E ink display..
• The disadvantage of this technology is it take time for the particle
to move from one side to another.
• Drawing a new text or image is too slow and create a flicker.
Properties
• Ultra-thin and flexible energy cell.
• Eliminates the cost of the battery, weight and
volume of the battery holder.
• Can be made into almost any shape.
• Can be integrated on almost any surface. Low
cost and simple to produce, using printing
process.
• Environmentally friendly, non-caustic, no
possibility of explosion, burns, or overheating.
COMPARISON BETWEEN E-PAPER & LCD
ADVANTAGES
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Paper-like Readability.
Ultra-Low Power Consumption.
Clarity.
Reduced Eyestrain.
Mobile Display Solution.
Hypertext.
Multimedia Information.
Include Graphics.
Inexpensive.
DISADVANTAGES
Very low switching speed
Electrochemical complexity
Slow response to change
Too slow for video
Problems in extremes temperatures,humidity
APPLICATION
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Electronic Book.
Electronic Newspaper.
Mobile display.
Computer monitor.
FUTURE OF E-PAPER
• The E-Paper is a Flexible display.
• It is easy to use.
• E-Paper can communicate Satellite or other
computers easily.
Detach Printer
Hand Wand
CONCLUSION
• Researches found that in just few years this
technology can replace paper in many
situations, leading us to think of a truly
paperless world.