Updated: Spring 2016
CH31 - Formal Lab Report Format
Instructor: J.T.
1) Title: Formal Water Report
Include the following: Full Name, Chemistry 31, Lab section, Date
2) Table of Contents:
I.
Abstract
II. Introduction
III. Instruments
IV. Experimental Methods
V. Results
VI. Discussion
VII. References
3) Abstract:
I.
Size: 8 ~ 10 lines
II. Include: Objective of Report, Location of your Tap Water, Numerical
Results of Ca/ Mg/F Concentration in PPM, Water sample soft or hard?
4) Introduction:
I.
Size: 20 ~ 25 lines
II. Include: Definition of Hardness, Total Permanent Water Hardness
Expressing, Range of Hardness, Natural Source of Hardness, Problems
with Water Hardness in Industrial, Problem with Water Hardness in
Living/Life, Fluoride and Health, Safety Range of Fluoride in Water.
5) Instrument:
I.
Size: 6 ~ 8 lines
II. Include: AAS Diagram, How it Works, What is the Output Data
6) Experimental Methods:
a) AAS
I. Size: 14 ~ 16 lines
II. Include: Using Beer’s Law for Measurement, Range of Concentration of
Ca/Mg, Making Standard Solutions for Ca/Mg, Dilution of Tap Water,
Ways to Calculate the Concentrations.
b) IC:
I. Size: 4 ~ 6 lines
II. Include: How to find the concentration of Fluoride in your sample.
7) Results:
I.
Your graphs for Ca/Mg (Absorbance vs. Concentration)
II. Make three (3) Tables for the results of Ca, Mg and F ions:
Results of Measurement of Calcium in Tap Water
Equation of line: Y =? X +?
Dilution
Absorbance Conc. By
Conc. Of Ca in original Tap
factor
above eqn.
Water (Units)
Updated: Spring 2016
CH31 - Formal Lab Report Format
Instructor: J.T.
Make the same table for Mg:
Results of Measurement of Magnesium in Tap Water
Equation of line: Y =? X +?
Dilution
Absorbance Conc. By
Conc. Of Mg in Original Tap
factor
above eqn.
Water (Units)
III.
Calculate total hardness based upon the CaCO3 concentration.
Make a table for the IC results:
IC Result for Measurement of Fluoride Ion Concentration
Equation for calculation: A1/A2 = C1/C2
Retention
STD conc. of fluoride Peak area of STD Peak area of
Time
fluoride (Units)
fluoride in Tap
water(Units)
8) Discussion:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
9)
Size: 7 ~ 10 lines.
Comparing Ca/Mg concentration results with range of water hardness.
If there is no match between your results, and the average official record
of water hardness, provide an explanation.
What do you think about the source of errors during measurements?
Was the concentration of the fluoride ion in the range of fluoride safe?
References (based upon the numbering within your report, including
books, website addresses, and instructor’s notes).