Safety, Health, Environment
& Risk Management
WATERLOO| Brantford | Kitchener | Toronto
Workplace Electrical Safety Program
Document No. FACL-001-02
1. INTENT
Wherever possible, work on electrical systems should be performed while the
equipment is in a de-energized state and safely locked out (in accordance with the
university’s lockout program). While this is an ideal scenario, the university recognizes
that working on energized electrical equipment is necessary to complete certain
activities, such as troubleshooting and testing. Exposure to electrical energy is
hazardous and can result in death, serious injury, and/or damage to equipment. In
order to ensure the safety of employees in contact with electrical infrastructure on a
day to day basis, this policy must be adhered to any time an employee works on
energized electrical equipment. Specifically, this pertains to electrical systems and
equipment operating between 50 and 750 Volts AC (phase to phase or phase to
neutral), or greater than 50 volts DC (phase to phase or phase to neutral).
For the purposes of this document, electrical systems and equipment operating at
levels above 750 volts AC are considered as high voltage, and are not covered under
this program. Only a specially trained, High Voltage Electrical Contractor shall perform
any work (including testing or troubleshooting) on equipment with voltages above 750
volts AC.
The Workplace Electrical Safety Program applies to any work on, testing of, or
troubleshooting that involves exposed energized electrical parts where a person, their
tools, or test probes could come into contact with power. Where work on, testing of,
or troubleshooting is required on live exposed electrical equipment, appropriate PPE
must be worn as specified by the Arc Flash/Hazard Analysis label, or as outlined in the
CSA Z462-12 standard. Where this information is not available, please refer to
Appendices D, E and F of this document for basic requirements. If unsure of the PPE
requirements for work being undertaken, please confer with the Lead Hand or Area
Facilities Manager prior to commencing work.
Please note that this program is not intended to be a substitute for working on
equipment where electrical lockout can be applied. Work on exposed energized
equipment must NEVER be carried out except in compliance with this program.
Whenever possible, electrical equipment will be locked out before any work is started
in accordance with the Lockout Program (see SHERM document FACL-003-01).
This program will be strictly enforced. It is the responsibility of all people involved in
work (worker, supervisor, SHERM) under this program to ensure that all work
performed on energized electrical equipment is both necessary and will be performed
in compliance with this program.
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2. DEFINITIONS
Accessible
Admitting close approach because the equipment is not guarded by locked doors,
elevation, or other effective means.
Arc Flash Hazard
A dangerous condition associated with the possible release of energy caused by an
electric arc.
Notes:
1) An arc flash hazard can exist when energized electrical conductors or circuit
parts are exposed or are within equipment in a guarded or enclosed
condition, if a person is interacting with the equipment in a manner that
could cause an electric arc. Under normal operating conditions, enclosed
energized equipment that has been properly installed and maintained is not
likely to pose an arc flash hazard.
2) See Appendix D (Tables 3 and 4) for examples of activities that could pose
an arc flash hazard.
Arc Flash Hazard Analysis
A study investigating a worker’s potential exposure to arc flash energy, conducted
for the purpose of injury prevention and the determination of safe work practices,
arc flash boundaries, and the appropriate level of personal protective equipment.
Once an analysis has been completed, this information will be posted in the form of
an arc flash hazard analysis label. See Appendix F (Figure 3) for an example of a
label.
Authorized/Qualified Person
One who has skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of
electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to recognize
and mitigate the hazards involved.
Boundary, arc flash
When an arc flash hazard exists, an approach limit at a distance from a prospective
arc source within which a person could receive a second-degree burn if an arc flash
were to occur.
Note:
1) A second-degree burn is possible by an exposure of unprotected skin to an
electric arc flash above the incident-energy level of 5 J/cm2 (1.2 cal/cm2).
Boundary, limited approach
An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or
circuit part within which a shock hazard exists.
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Boundary, prohibited approach
An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or
circuit part within which work is considered the same as making contact with the
electrical conductor or circuit part.
Boundary, restricted approach
An approach limit at a distance from an exposed energized electrical conductor or
circuit part within which there is an increased risk of shock, due to electrical arc
over combined with inadvertent movement, for personnel working in close
proximity to the energized electrical conductor or circuit part.
Circuit Breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by non-automatic means and to open
the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself
when properly applied within its ratings.
Control Circuit
A circuit that carries electric signals directing the performance of a control device, but
does not carry the power which the device controls.
Controller
A device or a group of devices that govern, in some predetermined manner, the
electric power delivered to the apparatus to which they are connected.
Dead (also de-energized)
Free from an electrical connection to a source of potential difference and from
electrical charge (ie. not having a potential different from that of the earth).
Dead Front
Without live parts exposed to a person on the operating side of the equipment.
Device
A unit of an electrical system that carries or controls electric energy as its principal
function.
Disconnecting Means
A device, group of devices, or other means by which the conductors of a circuit can be
disconnected from their source of supply.
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Electrical Equipment
Any apparatus, appliance, device, instrument, fitting, fixture, luminaire, machinery,
material, or thing used in or for, or capable of being used in or for, the generation,
transformation, transmission, distribution, supply or utilization of electric power or
energy, and, without restricting the generality of the foregoing, includes any
assemblage or combination of materials or things that is used, or is capable of being
used or adapted, to serve or perform any particular purpose or function when
connected to an electrical installation, notwithstanding that any of such materials or
things may be mechanical, metallic, or non-electric in origin.
Electrical Hazard
A dangerous condition such that contact or equipment failure can result in electric
shock, arc flash burn, thermal burn or blast.
Exposed
Capable of being inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance by
a person. This term is applied to electrical conductors or circuit parts that are not
suitably guarded, isolated or insulated.
Flame-Resistant (FR)
The property of a material whereby combustion is prevented, terminated, or inhibited
following the application of a flaming or non-flaming source of ignition, with or without
subsequent removal of the ignition source.
Note:
1) Flame resistance can be an inherent property of a material or can be imparted
by a specific treatment applied to a material.
Guarded
Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected by suitable covers,
casings, barriers, rails, screens, mats, or platforms to remove the likelihood of
approach or contact or approach by persons or objects to a point of danger.
Incident Energy
The amount of energy, impressed on a surface a certain distance from the source,
generated during an electrical arc event.
Insulated
Separated from other conducting surfaces by a dielectric (including air space) offering
a high resistance to the passage of current.
Note:
1) When an object is said to be insulated, it is understood to be insulated for the
conditions to which it is normally subject. Otherwise, it is considered to be
uninsulated.
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Isolated
Securely physically separated or blocked with non-conductive material sufficient to
ensure that equipment cannot be energized by identified power sources.
Live (or Energized)
Electrically connected to, or having a source of voltage.
Lockout
Placement of a lock on an energy-isolating device in accordance with an established
procedure, thereby indicating that the energy-isolating device is not to be operated
until removal of the lock or in accordance with an established procedure.
Near
Working close enough to exposed live equipment such that deliberate or accidental
movement could cause the person to come into contact with the live equipment.
Person in Charge
A Manager or Supervisor. Someone having authority over one or more employees
performing work on a machine or piece of equipment, or a person designated by one
of the above as the person in charge of the work.
Readily Accessible
Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspection without
requiring persons seeking access to climb over or remove obstacles, or to resort to
portable ladders, etc.
Testing/Troubleshooting
Metering voltage with an approved testing apparatus complete with properly
protected probes in order to diagnose an electrical fault condition that is not possible
to do while de-energized and locked out. Activities are only performed while wearing
the personal protective equipment as listed in Appendix C (Table 3 and/or Table 4) in
this policy.
Voltage
The greatest root-mean-square (rms) (effective) difference of potential between two
conductors of a circuit.
Voltage (Nominal)
A nominal value assigned to a circuit or system for the purpose of conveniently
designating its voltage class (eg. 120/240 V, 480Y/277 V, or 600 V).
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Working on (energized electrical conductors or circuit parts)
Intentionally coming in contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts
with the hands, feet, other body parts, or with tools, probes, or test equipment,
regardless of the personal protective equipment a person is wearing.
Notes:
1) There are two categories of working on:
a. Diagnostic (Testing) – Taking readings or measurements of electrical
equipment with approved test equipment that does not require making a
physical change to the equipment.
b. Repair – Physical alteration of electrical equipment, eg. making or
tightening connections, removing or replacing components.
3. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Authorized and Qualified Employees
Only authorized and qualified employees will perform the work on, testing or
troubleshooting of, verification on, or other work near exposed live electrical
equipment. To be qualified, an employee must meet the description of a qualified
person outlined in the definition section of this document (Section 2) and have
completed training required by this program.
Responsibilities
It is the responsibility of any person assigned to work on any exposed energized
electrical equipment to comply with this Workplace Electrical Safety Program. For all
other work on electrical equipment, the Wilfrid Laurier University Lockout Program will
be followed to ensure the equipment is safely de-energized.
Management Shall:
• Allow only qualified employees to perform work on, or near, exposed live
equipment.
• Provide personal protective equipment to meet the hazards of the work to be
undertaken and ensure that the equipment is maintained in a safe and reliable
condition.
• Ensure regular testing of protective gloves in accordance with industry standard
practices and as detailed in ASTM F 496.
• Provide training to employees required to work on live exposed electrical
equipment as detailed in these procedures and maintain documentation of
training.
• Maintain documentation of glove assignment and testing.
• Apply appropriate corrective action when these work practices are not followed.
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•
Provide a copy of this program to all employees
required to work on, or near, exposed live electrical equipment.
Supervisor Shall:
• Have a technical knowledge of the electrical systems being worked on by their
direct reports.
• Ensure the procedures set forth in this document are understood and followed.
• Inform employees of known hazards and the required protection equipment
when assigning work.
• Report violations of these procedures to the Area Manager, Facilities Operations
in the Physical Resources Department.
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Authorized/Qualified Employee Shall:
• Follow the Workplace Electrical Safety Program at all times when working on
exposed live electrical equipment.
• Use personal protective equipment as required by this program.
• Use only approved meters as specified in Appendix B (Table 1).
• Inform your Supervisor of any problems or concerns related to the procedures
as soon as they arise.
• Inspect voltage rated rubber gloves prior to every use. Report any damage
found during inspection to the supervisor immediately. Do not under any
circumstances, use the damaged PPE.
• Report any incidents, such as arcing, arc flash, or other events that may affect
the performance of meters, gloves or other safety equipment.
• Sign-off that they have received a copy of the Workplace Electrical Safety
Program and understand the contents.
• Apply the Lockout Program whenever possible instead of working on exposed
energized equipment.
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4. GENERAL GUIDELINES
The following work practices apply to all personnel working on energized equipment
that poses an electrical hazard.
a.) Only qualified persons are permitted to work on electrical systems or
components where there is a potential for exposure to energized and/or
exposed components.
b.) Only qualified persons shall place equipment into an electrically safe work
condition before performing work. The exception to this statement is where
de-energizing this equipment introduces additional hazards, or is infeasible to
do so.
c.) Do not endanger oneself or others by attempting to rescue shock victims
unless trained in appropriate first aid response and are qualified to disconnect
the means of energization.
d.) When actuating any disconnecting means, it is important to stand to one side
of the device and using the left hand (while facing away) operate the
disconnecting means.
e.) All electrical equipment, circuits and conductors shall be considered to be
energized until voltage verification is performed. Only approved meters as
specified in Appendix B (Table 1) will be used to verify the absence of voltage.
f.) While performing work on any de-energized equipment, a personal lock
(coupled with an approved hasp) shall be applied in accordance with the WLU
Lockout Program. If the lockout is required to extend beyond a scheduled shift,
the personal lock shall be substituted for a trade lock.
g.) All rings, bracelets, other jewelry and any other conductive material shall not
be worn while performing any energized work on electrical equipment.
h.) Only fiberglass fish tapes shall be used when fishing conductors through an
existing installation. In applications where there may be the exposure to
energized parts, equipment shall be placed into an electrically safe work
condition before performing work.
i.) Adequate lighting is necessary to perform all electrical tasks. If general
building/emergency lighting is not available, the use of a portable light source
such as a head lamp or portable work light is recommended. Do not under any
circumstances; attempt to work in the dark.
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5. PROCEDURES
5. 1 Electrical System Safe Work Practices
a.) No university personnel shall work on any electrical equipment, systems or
machines above 750 volts unless specifically trained and authorized to perform
the work. For the purposes of this document, such work shall be classified as
‘High Voltage’.
b.) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and other related safety equipment shall
be stored and used in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
Regular tests and inspections will be required to ensure that any equipment is
still fit for purpose and use. Equipment can include, but is not limited to:
voltage-rated gloves, flame resistant (FR) clothing, hearing protection, face
shields, double layer hoods and eye protection.
c.) All arc-rated clothing shall be laundered and maintained as per Westex Inc.
cleaning and maintenance guide for Flame Resistance Protective Clothing
Fabrics. Prior to establishing an electrically safe work condition (Lockout), all
qualified persons working within the arc flash protection boundary of an
exposed energized component must be suitably protected with personal
protective equipment for that specific hazard/risk category (Level). Once an
electrically safe work condition has been established and verified, some
personal protective equipment may be removed.
d.) Conductive articles of clothing, jewelry (such as watchbands, bracelets, rings,
key chains, necklaces, metal frame glasses, etc.) shall not be worn where they
present an electrical contact hazard with energized parts.
e.) Electrically insulated tools (1000V rated) shall be used whenever working on
electrically energized equipment.
f.) Blind reaching into electrical enclosures is prohibited. Employees must ensure
they have enough illumination to perform a job safely.
g.) Elevated work above 3 meters on energized electrical systems or equivalent
shall be performed in an approved personnel lift.
h.) Under no circumstances shall an electrical bus be used to support a ladder.
i.) Only non-conductive (fiberglass or wooden) ladders shall be used by Physical
Resources.
j.) While performing work in a confined space that contains exposed energized
parts, the use of non-conductive shields, barriers, tools or insulating materials
is required to avoid inadvertent contact with these parts. For additional
information on working in confined space environments, please refer to the
SHERM document (FACL-026).
k.) Any person who does not meet the requirements of an ‘Authorized/Qualified
Person’ as described in the Definition section of this document (Section 2), or
any person not suitably equipped to perform the task in question, shall
maintain a minimum distance of 10 feet from any exposed energized
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electrical equipment unless indicated otherwise on an arc flash hazard
analysis label.
5.2 Portable Electric Tools
a.) Portable electric tools shall be CSA approved and double insulated, and be
suitable for the application, environment and voltage they are to be used in/on.
b.) All portable electric tools shall be visually inspected prior to each use. The
casing (housing) of the equipment and cords connected to these tools shall be
free of damage. Any damaged electric tool shall be immediately removed from
service and reported to the supervisor for replacement.
c.) Portable ground fault interrupters shall be used at all times while working in
wet areas.
5.3 Maintenance, Repair, Overhaul and Installation Work
Work shall never be performed on energized equipment. All sources of power must be
disconnected and locked out prior to work commencing.
However, a qualified Wilfrid Laurier University tradesperson, wearing appropriate PPE
and using listed and rated insulated tools, may perform the following work on
energized equipment:
a.) Testing - Including voltage, current, phasing meter checks, system tuning and
other testing functions.
b.) Exploratory - Circuit identification/tracing.
c.) Maintenance - Replacing fuses, which are not under load and de-energized, on
electrical systems operating at 600 Volts or below.
d.) Installation - Install devices rated at 120 VAC or below and
designed/engineered by the manufacturer to be installed or removed without
de-energizing.
5.4 Arc Flash Hazard Analysis
As part of ongoing safety improvement initiatives, electrical systems in all owned
University buildings are now beginning to use an arc flash hazard analysis to
determine the potential hazards when performing live work. The arc flash hazard
analysis, performed by a licensed engineering services company, shall determine the
following information as it pertains to a given system:
a) The arc flash boundary;
b) The incident energy at the working distance; and
c) The PPE that personnel within the arc flash boundary shall use.
Where a detailed arc flash hazard analysis has been performed, the information in
section 5.4.1 shall apply. This information is shown on a sample label in Appendix F
(Figure 2).
In all other cases, the information in section 5.4.2 shall be adhered to.
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Note:
1) The hazard analysis shall be updated whenever a significant modification or
renovation takes place. It shall also be updated no more than 5 years to the
date from the initial assessment, to account for any other modifications to the
system potentially affecting the results of the current analysis.
5.4.1 Selection Based on Incident Energy Analysis
An incident energy analysis shall determine the incident energy exposure to the
worker (in cal/cm2). The incident energy level indicated shall be based on the working
distance of the worker’s upper body from a prospective arc source for the task to be
performed.
Arc-rated clothing and PPE shall be used by the worker and selected on the basis of
the incident energy exposure associated with the specific task. As incident energy
levels raise the closer a worker is to a hazard, additional PPE may be required for any
parts of the body closer than the distance identified in the assessment. For assistance
in selection of PPE to suit the task being performed, please refer to Appendix C (Table
2).
Note:
1) Where an incident energy analysis has been performed, this information shall
supersede any hazard/risk category and/or PPE recommendations made in
Appendix D (Tables 3 and 4)
5.4.2 Selection Based on Hazard/Risk Categories
Where an incident energy analysis (as part of the arc flash hazard assessment) has
not been performed, the information in Appendix D (Tables 3 and 4) shall be used to
determine the appropriate hazard/risk category.
Notes:
1) The information in Appendix C is taken directly from the CSA Z462-12 standard
and is for use in situations where an incident energy calculation has not been
performed.
2) Where a specific task is not listed in Appendix C, live work cannot safely
proceed until an incident energy assessment is performed. This may include
systems with larger than assumed short-circuit current capacity, or in systems
with longer than assumed fault clearing times.
5.5 Personal Protective Equipment
All Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) has an intended use and must be used as
directed by the manufacturer’s literature. Using PPE for purposes outside of its
intended use may result in injury to the user.
PPE is selected based on the hazard to which employees are exposed. PPE designed
to provide protection from electrical shock might not be adequate for protecting
people from flash hazards. Similarly, PPE designed for flash protection may not
provide protection from electrical shock. Voltage-rated gloves may be used for flash
protection only when used with leather protectors.
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Prior to performing work, every authorized/qualified employee will determine the
level of protection to be applied based on the information provided in Appendix C
(Table 2). If at any time the authorised/qualified employee determines that
additional PPE, or safety devices, are required for the work to be performed safely,
they may request this and items required will be made available to them.
PPE requirements shall be determined by the highest voltage that the worker is
exposed to while performing the work, regardless of the voltage of the actual
testing location. For example, if working near exposed live equipment of 600 volts
while testing exposed live equipment of 120 volts, the requirements for 600 volts
will apply.
Selection of Personal Protective Equipment
PPE will be selected and provided by the Physical Resources department with the
assistance of Safety, Health, Environment and Risk Management (SHERM).
Selection will take into account the anticipated hazards, voltage levels and
conditions of the work to be performed. Additional factors that will be considered
include:
• The condition and age of the equipment to be worked on
• The equipment design
• Any barriers that may exist on/around the equipment
General PPE Inspection and Maintenance
All PPE used must be inspected in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions
and at a minimum, before each use. Where specific instructions exist for inspection
of PPE, they shall be adhered to by the employee. Damaged PPE must never be
used. Defective PPE must be tagged defective until repaired or destroyed. The
employee’s immediate supervisor must be notified once a piece of PPE has been
deemed unfit for use.
Note:
1) The term PPE includes: FR clothing, voltage rated gloves, leather protectors,
eye protection, safety footwear and any additional protective equipment
provided by the Physical Resources department.
5.5.1 Shock Protection
Voltage-rated Gloves
Voltage-rated gloves (Class “0” Insulated Rubber Gloves) shall be used for electrical
shock prevention. Only Type-II gloves, which are ozone-resistant and made of an
elastomer, or combination of elastomeric compounds, and with a minimum class of
"0" will be used.
Note:
1) Class "0" gloves are rated to 1,000 volts, however are not to be used on any
circuit greater than 750 volts.
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Inspection and Maintenance of Voltage-rated Gloves
Prior to every use of the voltage-rated gloves, they must be visually inspected for
any cuts, punctures, holes or damage that may affect their rating or effectiveness.
The leather protector gloves must also be inspected before each use and be free of
holes, tears, or other contamination. The insides of the leather protectors shall also
be inspected for sharp or pointed objects that may otherwise damage voltage-rated
rubber gloves.
Any cleaning or maintenance of the voltage-rated gloves and/or leather protectors
must be done as instructed by the manufacturer. Only approved powder is
recommended for use on voltage-rated rubber products to prevent deterioration of
the rubber.
Voltage-rated Rubber Glove Testing
Voltage-rated rubber gloves must be tested to ensure they are still effective on a
regular schedule. Every in-service voltage-rated rubber glove and leather protector
combination must be tested every 3 months. The testing will be done by a qualified
external vendor in accordance with the Electrical & Utilities Safety Association
(EUSA) Handbook.
•
WLU employees that have been issued voltage-rated gloves will be provided
with a second pair while the initial pair of gloves is sent out for testing.
Voltage-rated gloves returned from testing will be held in storage until the pair in
use requires testing. Any voltage-rated rubber glove held in stock longer than four
(4) months after a test will be retested before being placed in service.
Voltage-rated Glove Storage
Voltage-rated gloves shall be stored in a cool, dry place, not exposed to sunlight or
ozone. Voltage-rated gloves will be allowed to take their natural shape while stored.
They must be kept inside of protectors or in a bag, box, or container that is
designed for and used exclusively for the gloves. They shall be inserted into their
protective container with the fingers pointed upward. Voltage-rated gloves shall not
be stored folded, creased, inside out, compressed, or in any manner that will cause
stretching or compression.
Voltage-rated gloves must be stored away from exposure to solvents, oils, greases
or from vapours produced by these materials.
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Voltage-rated Glove Protectors
Leather protectors for voltage rated-rubber gloves must be worn over the rubber
gloves to protect from abrasion, cuts or punctures. The leather protectors shall not
be used alone for shock protection at any time. Leather protectors are only used
with the voltage-rated rubber gloves and are not to be used as general work glove.
Where ever possible, the leather protectors must be kept clean and free of oil,
grease or solvent contamination.
Protectors that have been used for other purposes must not be used to protect
voltage-rated rubber gloves and should be removed from service immediately.
Removal from Service
All voltage-rated rubber products that have been rejected by external testing, or
have been found to be damaged during inspections, shall be defaced, cut up, or
otherwise marked to identify that they are not to be used for electrical service, and
then be disposed of from the workplace. All gloves to be removed from service
should be reported to the supervisor immediately. A replacement pair of gloves
should be ordered as soon as possible to replace the pair to be disposed of.
5.5.2 Arc Flash Protective Equipment
Arc flash protective equipment shall be sufficient to protect the worker from the
flash hazard associated with the task to be performed. For the purposes of this
document, the arc flash protection is considered to be the outermost garment worn.
Hand Protection
Gloves used for flash protection must be long enough to cover body parts such as
hands, wrists, and arms that are exposed to the flash hazard. Gloves shall be of
sufficient length to cover exposed body parts until they overlap other flash
protection, such as the sleeve of a flash-protection garment. The glove must cover
any openings in the sleeve, such as the slit for the cuff.
Arm Protection
When flash protection is required for the arms, beyond the length that a glove will
provide, a long-sleeve arc rated shirt is required. Short sleeves or rolled up sleeves
are not permitted when working where there is a risk of flash.
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Eye Protection
Safety glasses shall be used to protect the eyes from impact injuries due to flying
or falling objects. Safety glasses must be worn while performing testing,
troubleshooting or verification where there is a possibility of arc flash. Safety
glasses worn shall be UV and IR rated, as well as CSA approved.
Face shields shall be used to provide additional protection to the face. Face shields
are not a replacement for safety glasses and safety glasses must be worn
underneath the face shield at all times. Face shields must not be cracked or broken.
All face shields shall be arc rated with a minimum Arc Thermal Performance value
of 10 cal/cm2.
Safety Footwear
All Physical Resources employees are required to wear CSA approved safety
footwear while performing any work. Employees who may work near live exposed
electrical equipment must purchase and wear safety footwear approved by CSA for
impact protection with a minimum rating of Class 1 (green tag or green triangle),
and displaying the Ohm symbol (Ω) on a tag indicating they have been tested for
electrical shock resistance.
5.5.3 Emergency Spotter
The requirement for an emergency spotter does not apply to testing,
troubleshooting or verification as outlined in Section 42.1(4) of Regulation 851
(Industrial Establishments). When performing work other than troubleshooting,
testing or verification near energized electrical equipment with a nominal voltage of
300 volts or greater, there shall be a spotter present to assist in an emergency. The
spotter must be certified in in appropriate first aid response and be qualified to
disconnect the means of energization. The emergency spotter shall be in visual
contact with the authorized/qualified person performing the work at all times, such
that they can clearly see if the person is in difficulty and carry out a rescue in an
emergency. It is imperative that the emergency spotter does not participate in the
work near energized electrical equipment.
The spotter shall be equipped with a suitable non-conductive device to remove a
person from contact with the energized current in the event of an emergency. The
spotter shall also be equipped with a suitable communication device (ie. cellular
phone, 2 way radio) to contact Special Constable Service in order to activate the
emergency protocol in the case of an accident.
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5.6 Testing Equipment and Tools
The following general directions shall apply to electrical test equipment, special
tools, and their accessories:
• They shall be rated for the circuits and equipment to which they are to be
connected.
• They shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations
and are to be used only as intended.
• They shall be CSA approved and have a 1000 VAC rating (or higher) and have
a minimum Category III Rating.
See Appendix B (Table 1) for additional information on the required test equipment.
Voltage Testers
The use of voltage testers shall be based upon the purpose of the work to be
performed. Different types of voltage testers exist with specific uses and
limitations. When testing for the absence or presence of voltage, a contact or noncontact voltage meter may be used, depending on the desired result of the
metering. Each type of tester must comply with the requirements of this section.
Contact Voltage Testers - Measuring Voltage and Troubleshooting
The following features are required for meters used in measuring voltage and
performing troubleshooting:
• Grip protection on test probes.
• Self-contained fault protection or limitation devices, such as internal currentlimiting fuses or probe current-limiting resistors.
• Voltage/current path isolation between the probes and the selector switching
device.
• Compliance with applicable CSA standards and appropriate category/voltage
ratings.
Inspection - Before Use
Electrical test instruments and all associated test leads, cables, power cords,
probes, and connectors shall be visually inspected for external defects or damage
before each use. If visible defects or evidence of damage that might expose an
employee to injury are evident, the defective or damaged item shall not be used
until any required repairs and tests have been made.
The following items must be inspected prior to each use:
• Grip protection on test probes is present and in good condition.
Protection of Meters
The employee shall maintain electrical test equipment in good working condition in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The employee is responsible to
ensure that electrical test equipment and associated probes are stored in a manner
that will protect them from moisture, dust, and will prevent damage or premature
deterioration. Protective cases should be purchased with the equipment for storage
purposes.
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Special tools
Any tools or equipment that may be used in the course of testing, troubleshooting
or verification must not be capable of conducting electrical current to the employee
if they come into contact with an exposed live conductor.
Fuse-Pullers
Only devices designed for the purpose of pulling fuses shall be used to remove and
install fuses. The fuse-pullers shall be of the appropriate size and style.
5.7 Barriers and Guarding
The purpose of barriers and guarding are to provide insulation from and physical
separation between an energized energy source and the worker. Wherever possible,
barriers and guards will be permanently installed to reduce and eliminate
inadvertent exposure to live electrical equipment. The installation of barriers or
guarding requires planning and an appropriate risk assessment to avoid creating
additional hazards.
Insulation
Insulating barriers can be made of voltage-rated rubber products, voltage-rated
tape, certain plastics or composites. The material used for the barrier depends upon
the task to be performed. Insulating barriers may be placed directly on energized
conductors and parts to prevent inadvertent contact with body parts and tools. The
barriers must be rated according to ASTM standards for, or above, the circuit
voltage involved. An insulating barrier is normally not adequate to restrain
significant physical force or to stop a puncture.
The installation of insulating barriers should always be combined with the use of
adequate PPE.
Guarding
Physical guarding shall never be placed directly on an energized part, or within the
prohibited boundary, as defined by the hazard assessment of the work to be
performed. Barriers are installed to provide a physical restraint to prevent body
parts or tools from getting near energized parts.
Physical guards may only be constructed of approved materials and only at the
direction of the Area Manager, Facilities Operations or designate. No temporary
guard of any material is to be used for any type of insulating or physical barrier
without the specific permission of the Area Manager, Facilities Operations or
designate.
The installation of guards should always be combined with the use of adequate PPE.
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5.8 Training
Training will be provided to every qualified/authorized person who will be working on
exposed energized electrical equipment.
Only employees who have successfully completed this training program will be
considered qualified to apply the Workplace Electrical Safety Program.
Training in this policy will be provided to:
• Electricians
• HVAC Technicians
• Gas Technicians
• Operating Engineers
• Others as determined by Wilfrid Laurier University SHERM department and
Physical Resources.
The content of the training will include the following:
• Applicable legislation and codes
• Hazards likely to be encountered working on energized electrical equipment
• Safe Work Practices
• Use of gloves and other PPE
• Inspection and maintenance of gloves and other PPE
• Common errors and misconceptions
• Correct application and use of meters and tools
• Limitations of meters and tools
• Inspection of the meters and tools
• Understanding of instrument indication or information provided
• Proper inspection, maintenance and storage of meters and tools
Successful completion of training requires:
• Full attendance of the course with no interruptions or temporary absences
• Completion and passing of a comprehension test at the end of the course
• The instructor is satisfied the participant has learned and understood the
procedures
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6. APPENDICES
Appendix A: Relevant Standards/Legislation/Policies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Construction Regulations
Ontario Regulation 851 (Industrial Establishments)
Ontario Electrical Safety Code - 25th Edition/ 2012
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Canadian Electrical Code (C22.1) – 2012
Revision
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Control of Hazardous Energy - Lockout
and Other Methods (CSA Z460) – 2010 Revision
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Workplace Electrical Safety (CSA Z462) –
2012 Revision
NFPA 70E- Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
EUSA- Electrical Utilities Safety Association, Handbook
Appendix B: Required Test Equipment
Table 1
Required Meter Equipment Type
Voltmeter - (CSA approved 1000 volt AC and/or Cat.
III rated) as a minimum
Multimeter - (CSA approved 1000 volt AC and/or Cat.
III rated) as a minimum (Fluke 87V or equivalent)
Clamp-on Meter - (CSA approved 1000 volt AC
and/or Cat. III rated) as a minimum (Fluke 375 or
equivalent)
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Appendix C: Minimum PPE Requirement for Common Low Voltage Tasks
The contents of this section are taken directly from the CSA Z462-12 standard on
Workplace Electrical Safety. Please note that these are to be used only as a
guideline for PPE requirements. Where arc flash hazard labeling exists on
equipment, this information shall supersede these guidelines.
Please refer to section 4.3.7.3.15 of the CSA standard for additional information.
Protective Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment
Table 2
Hazard/risk
category
Protective clothing and PPE
0
Protective clothing, non-melting or untreated natural fibre
(ie. untreated cotton, wool, rayon, silk, or blends of these
materials) with a fabric weight at least 4.5 oz/yd2:
• Shirt (long sleeve)
• Pants (long)
Protective equipment:
• Safety glasses or safety goggles (SR)
• Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
• Heavy duty leather gloves (AN) (Note 1)
1
Arc-rated clothing, minimum arc rating of 4 cal/cm2 (Note 3):
• Arc-rated long-sleeve shirt and pants or arc-rated
coverall
• Arc-rated face shield or arc flash suit hood (Note 2)
• Arc-rated jacket, parka, rainwear, or hard hat liner (AN)
Protective equipment:
• Hard Hat
• Safety glasses or safety goggles (SR)
• Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
• Heavy duty leather gloves (AN) (Note 1)
• Leather work shoes (AN)
2
Arc-rated clothing, minimum arc rating of 8 cal/cm2 (Note 3):
• Arc-rated long-sleeve shirt and pants or arc-rated
coverall
• Arc-rated flash suit hood; or arc-rated face shield (Note
2) and arc-rated balaclava
• Arc-rated jacket, parka, rainwear, or hard hat liner (AN)
Protective equipment:
• Hard Hat
• Safety glasses or safety goggles (SR)
• Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
• Heavy duty leather gloves (AN) (Note 1)
• Leather work shoes (AN)
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Table 2 (Continued)
Hazard/risk category
Protective clothing and PPE
3
Arc-rated clothing, selected so that the system arc rating
meets the required minimum arc rating of 25 cal/cm2 (Note
3):
• Arc-rated long-sleeve shirt (AR)
• Arc-rated pants (AR)
• Arc-rated coverall (AR)
• Arc-rated arc flash suit jacket (AR)
• Arc-rated arc flash suit pants (AR)
• Arc-rated arc flash suit hood
• Arc-rated gloves (Note 1)
• Arc-rated jacket, parka, rainwear, or hard hat liner (AN)
Protective equipment:
• Hard Hat
• Safety glasses or safety goggles (SR)
• Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
• Leather work shoes
4
Arc-rated clothing, selected so that the system arc rating
meets the required minimum arc rating of 40 cal/cm2 (Note
3):
• Arc-rated long-sleeve shirt (AR)
• Arc-rated pants (AR)
• Arc-rated coverall (AR)
• Arc-rated arc flash suit jacket (AR)
• Arc-rated arc flash suit pants (AR)
• Arc-rated arc flash suit hood
• Arc-rated gloves (Note 1)
• Arc-rated jacket, parka, rainwear, or hard hat liner (AN)
Protective equipment:
• Hard Hat
• Safety glasses or safety goggles (SR)
• Hearing protection (ear canal inserts)
• Leather work shoes
Legend:
AN = as needed (optional)
AR = as required
SR = selection required
Notes:
(1) If rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors are required by Appendix C (Table
3), additional leather or arc-rated gloves shall not be required. The combination of
rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors satisfies the arc flash protection
requirement.
(2) Face shields shall meet the requirements of clause 4.3.7.3.10 (c). An arc flash suit
hood may be worn in lieu of a face shield.
Arc rating is defined in the Definition section of this document (Section 2).
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Appendix D: Hazard
Hazard/risk category classifications and use of PPE – AC Equipment
Table 3
Panelboards or other equipment rated 240 V and below
Parameters:
Maximum of 25 kA short circuit current available
Maximum of 0.03 s (2 cycle) fault clearing time
Minimum 455 mm (18 in) working distance
Potential arc flash boundary using above parameters: 470 mm (19 in)
Task(s) performed on energized
equipment
Perform infrared thermography and
other non-contact inspections outside
the restricted approach boundary
Circuit breaker (CB) or fused-switch
operation with covers on
CB or fused-switch operation with
covers off
Work on exposed energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing
Remove/install CBs or fused switches
Removal of bolted covers (to expose
bare energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts)
Opening hinged covers (to expose
bare energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts)
Work on exposed energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts of
utilization equipment fed directly by a
branch circuit of the panelboard
Hazard/Risk
Category
Rubber
Insulating
Gloves
Required?
0
N
Insulated
and
insulating
hand
tools
required?
N
0
N
N
0
Y*
N
1
Y
Y
1
1
Y
N
Y
N
0
N
N
1
Y
Y
* Designates an enhancement to the recommendations posted in the CSA Z462-12
standard. This applies only to the use of Rubber Insulating Gloves.
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Panelboards or switchboards rated more than 240 V and up to 600 V
(with moulded-case or insulated-case circuit breakers)
Parameters:
Maximum of 25 kA short circuit current available
Maximum of 0.03 s (2 cycle) fault clearing time
Minimum 455 mm (18 in) working distance
Potential arc flash boundary using above parameters: 755 mm (30 in)
Task(s) performed on energized
equipment
Perform infrared thermography and
other non-contact inspections outside
the restricted approach boundary
CB or fused-switch operation with
covers on
CB or fused-switch operation with
covers off
Work on exposed energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing
Remove/install CBs or fused switches
Removal of bolted covers (to expose
bare, energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts)
Opening hinged covers (to expose
bare, energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts)
Work on exposed energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts of
utilization equipment fed directly by a
branch circuit of the panelboard or
switchboard
Hazard/Risk
Category
Rubber
Insulating
Gloves
Required?
1
N
Insulated
and
insulating
hand
tools
required?
N
0
N
N
1
Y
N
2
Y
Y
2
Y
Y
1
N
N
0
N
N
2
Y
Y
* Designates an enhancement to the recommendations posted in the CSA Z462-12
standard. This applies only to the use of Rubber Insulating Gloves.
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600 V (nominal) class motor control centres (MCCs)
Parameters:
Maximum of 65 kA short circuit current available
Maximum of 0.03 s (2 cycle) fault clearing time
Minimum 455 mm (18 in) working distance
Potential arc flash boundary using above parameters: 1.35 m (53 in)
Task(s) performed on energized
Hazard/Risk
Rubber
equipment
Category
Insulating
Gloves
Required?
Perform infrared thermography and
other non-contact inspections outside
the restricted approach boundary
CB, fused-switch, or starter operation
with enclosure doors closed
Reading a panel meter while
operating a meter switch
CB, fused-switch, or starter operation
with enclosure doors open
Work on exposed energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing
Work on control circuits with exposed
energized electrical conductors and
circuit parts 120 V or below, exposed
Work on control circuits with exposed
energized electrical conductors and
circuit parts greater than 120 V,
exposed
Application of temporary protective
grounding equipment after voltage
test
Work on exposed energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts of
utilization equipment fed directly by a
branch circuit of the panelboard or
switchboard
1
N
Insulated
and
insulating
hand
tools
required?
N
0
N
N
0
N
N
1
Y*
N
2
Y
Y
0
Y
Y
2
Y
Y
2
Y
N
2
Y
Y
* Designates an enhancement to the recommendations posted in the CSA Z462-12
standard. This applies only to the use of Rubber Insulating Gloves.
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600 V (nominal) class motor control centres (MCCs)
Parameters:
Maximum of 42 kA short circuit current available
Maximum of 0.33 s (20 cycle) fault clearing time
Minimum 455 mm (18 in) working distance
Potential arc flash boundary using above parameters: 4.20 m (165 in)
Task(s) performed on energized
Hazard/Risk
Rubber
Insulated
equipment
Category
Insulating
and
Gloves
insulating
Required?
hand
tools
required?
Insertion or removal of individual
4
Y
N
starter “buckets” from MCC
Removal of bolted covers (to expose
4
N
N
bare electrical conductors and circuit
parts)
Opening of hinged covers (to expose
1
N
N
bare electrical conductors and circuit
parts)
* Designates an enhancement to the recommendations posted in the CSA Z462-12
standard. This applies only to the use of Rubber Insulating Gloves.
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600 V (nominal) class switchgear (with power circuit breakers or fused
switches)
and 600 V Class switchboards
Parameters:
Maximum of 35 kA short circuit current available
Maximum of 0.5 s (30 cycle) fault clearing time
Minimum 455 mm (18 in) working distance
Potential arc flash boundary using above parameters: 5.90 m (233 in)
Task(s) performed on energized
equipment
Perform infrared thermography and
other non-contact inspections outside
the restricted approach boundary
CB or fused-switch operation with
enclosure doors closed
Reading a panel meter while operating
a meter switch
CB or fused-switch operation with
enclosure doors open
Work on exposed energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing
Work on control circuits with exposed
energized electrical conductors and
circuit parts 120 V or below, exposed
Work on control circuits with exposed
energized electrical conductors and
circuit parts greater than 120 V,
exposed
Insertion or removal (racking) of CBs
from cubicles, doors open or closed
Application of safety grounds after
voltage test
Removal of bolted covers (to expose
bare energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts)
Opening of hinged covers (to expose
bare energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts)
Hazard/Risk
Category
Rubber
Insulating
Gloves
Required?
2
N
Insulated
and
insulatin
g hand
tools
required?
N
0
N
N
0
N
N
1
Y*
N
2
Y
Y
0
Y
Y
2
Y
Y
4
Y*
N
2
Y
N
4
N
N
2
N
N
* Designates an enhancement to the recommendations posted in the CSA Z462-12
standard. This applies only to the use of Rubber Insulating Gloves.
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Other 600V class (277 to 600V, nominal) equipment
Parameters:
Maximum of 65 kA short circuit current available
Maximum of 0.03 s (2 cycle) fault clearing time
Minimum 455 mm (18 in) working distance
Potential arc flash boundary using above parameters: 1.35 m (53 in)
Lighting or small power transformers (600V nominal)
Task(s) performed on energized
Hazard/Risk
equipment
Category
Removal of bolted covers (to expose
bare energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts)
Opening of hinged covers (to expose
bare energized electrical conductors
and circuit parts)
Work on exposed energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing
Application of temporary protective
grounding equipment after voltage
test
Revenue meters (kW-h at primary
voltage and current) insertion or
removal
Cable trough or tray cover removal or
installation
Miscellaneous equipment cover
removal or installation
Work on energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing
Application of temporary protective
grounding equipment after voltage
test
Insertion or removal of plug-in
devices into or from busways
Rubber
Insulating
Gloves
Required?
Insulated
and
insulatin
g hand
tools
required?
2
N
N
1
N
N
2
Y
Y
2
Y
N
2
Y
N
1
N
N
1
N
N
2
Y
Y
2
Y
N
2
Y*
N
* Designates an enhancement to the recommendations posted in the CSA Z462-12
standard. This applies only to the use of Rubber Insulating Gloves.
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Hazard/risk category classifications and use of
PPE – DC Equipment
Table 4
Storage batteries, direct current switchboards and other DC supply
sources, greater than 100 V, less than 250V
Parameters:
Voltage: 250 V
Maximum arc duration and working distance: 2 s at 455 mm (18 in)
Task(s) performed on energized
equipment
Work on energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing where arcing current
is greater than 1 kA and less than 4
kA.
Potential arc flash boundary using
above parameters at 4 kA = 910 mm
(36 in)
Work on energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing where arcing current
is greater than 4 kA and less than 7
kA.
Potential arc flash boundary using
above parameters at 1 kA = 1.20 m
(48 in)
Work on energized electrical
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing where arcing current
is greater than 7 kA and less than 15
kA.
Potential arc flash boundary using
above parameters at 15 kA = 1.85 m
(72 in)
Hazard/
Risk
Category*
Rubber
Insulating
Gloves
Required?
1
Y
Insulated
and
insulatin
g hand
tools
required?
Y
2
Y
Y
3
Y
Y
* If acid exposure is possible, the clothing shall be protective from acid and arc rated to the
hazard in accordance with ASTM F1891 or equivalent and evaluated by ASTM F1296 for acid
protection.
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Storage batteries, direct current switchboards and other DC supply
sources, greater than 250 V, less than 600V
Parameters:
Voltage: 600 V
Maximum arc duration and working distance: 2 s at 455 mm (18 in)
Task(s) performed on energized
equipment
Hazard/
Risk
Category *
Rubber
Insulating
Gloves
Required?
Insulated
and
insulatin
g hand
tools
required?
Y
Work on energized electrical
1
Y
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing where arcing current
is greater than 1 kA and less than 1.5
kA.
Potential arc flash boundary using
above parameters at 1.5 kA = 910
mm (36 in)
Work on energized electrical
2
Y
Y
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing where arcing current
is greater than 1.5 kA and less than 3
kA.
Potential arc flash boundary using
above parameters at 3 kA = 1.20 m
(48 in)
Work on energized electrical
3
Y
Y
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing where arcing current
is greater than 3 kA and less than 7
kA.
Potential arc flash boundary using
above parameters at 7 kA = 1.85 m
(72 in)
Work on energized electrical
4
Y
Y
conductors and circuit parts, including
voltage testing where arcing current
is greater than 7 kA and less than 10
kA.
Potential arc flash boundary using
above parameters at 10 kA = 2.45 m
(96 in)
* If acid exposure is possible, the clothing shall be protective from acid and arc rated to the
hazard in accordance with ASTM F1891 or equivalent and evaluated by ASTM F1296 for acid
protection.Notes:
See Appendix C (Table 2) for a list of protective clothing and PPE for each hazard/risk
category.
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Appendix E: Approach Boundaries to Energize Parts for Shock Protection
Approach boundaries to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts for
shock protection
Table 5
Nominal voltage
conductor to
ground
Less than 50 V
50 – 300 V
301 – 750 V
751 – 15 kV
Limited Approach Boundary(1)
Exposed
Exposed
movable
fixed circuit
conductor(2)
part
Not specified
Not specified
3.0 m
1.0 m
(10 ft 0 in)
(3 ft 6 in)
3.0 m
1.0 m
(10 ft 0 in)
(3 ft 6 in)
3.0 m
1.5 m
(10 ft 0 in)
(5 ft 0 in)
Restricted
Approach
Boundary(1)
Prohibited
Approach
Boundary(1)
Not specified
Avoid Contact
Not specified
Avoid Contact
0.3 m
(1 ft 0 in)
0.7 m
(2 ft 2 in)
25 mm
(0 ft 1 in)
0.2 m
(0 ft 7 in)
Notes:
1. The specified boundaries are minimum safe working distances from exposed
energized electrical conductors. These values are to be added onto the minimum air
insulation distances, as specified in Appendix D (Table 6).
2. A condition in which the distance between the conductor and a person is not under
the control of the person. The term is normally applied to overhead line conductors
supported by poles.
3. For systems 50 V or greater, the arc flash boundary is defined as the distance at
which the incident energy equals 5 J/cm2 (1.2 cal/cm2).
Minimum air insulation distances for avoiding flashover
Table 6
Voltage
Distance
Less than or equal to 300 V
301 – 750 V
751 V – 2 kV
2.1 – 15 kV
1 mm (0 ft 0.03
2 mm (0 ft 0.07
5 mm (0 ft 0.19
39 mm (0 ft 1.5
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Appendix F: Supporting Information for Electrical Safety Program
Limits of Approach
Figure 1
Boundaries for Arc Flash and Shock Protection
Figure 2
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Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Label
Figure 3
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7. REVISION HISTORY
Revision
00
01
02
Date
October 1, 2007
January 9, 2009
July 29, 2014
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Comments
SOP comes into effect
Annual Review, no changes
Review as per new CSA Z46212 standard. Major
modifications to document.
Initials
EOHS
EOHS
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