Make the best of the sun –
meeting thermal and electrical energy demands
Dr. Benedikt Hanke
10.04.2014, Hannover, HMI 2014
Hall 27, Stand D 55
Overview
Energy Research in Oldenburg
Energy Systems of Buildings
Photovoltaic Energy Availability
Energy Efficiency and Photovoltaic Probability
Energy Profile of a Household Scenario
Dimensioning of Energy Storage and Photovoltaics
Potential of Thermal use of Photovoltaic Energy
Conclusions
10.04.2014
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
2
Energy Research in Oldenburg
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Tradition of Energy Research in Oldenburg
30 years R&D experience in renewable energy
12 departments in physics, chemistry, informatics, economy
Approx. 250 involved researchers
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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NEXT ENERGY – Energy Research for the Future
NEXT ENERGY is an independent research institute at the Carl‐von‐
Ossietzky‐University Oldenburg
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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NEXT ENERGY – Energy Research for the Future
Organized as non‐profit association with EWE as main sponsor (founded in 2007 as public‐private partnership)
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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NEXT ENERGY – Energy Research for the Future
New building since August 2009 with 2.300 m² of laboratory space
Over 100 employees in R&D and administration
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Research Topics
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Energy Systems of Buildings
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Energy Systems of Buildings – Classic
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Energy Systems of Buildings
Photovoltaic Systems
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Energy Systems of Buildings
Battery Storage Systems
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Energy Systems of Buildings
Mikro CHP
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Energy Systems of Buildings
Power‐To‐Heat
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Energy Systems of Buildings
Energy Management for Buildings
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Power Flow Overview
Classic
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Renewable / Energy Efficient / Low Carbon
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Photovoltaic Energy Availability
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Geographical Variation of Solar Radiation
Yearly Sum of Solar Radiation
Germany
1981 – 2010
Statistical Values:
» Max.: 1261 kWh/m²/a
» Avg.: 1055 kWh/m²/a
» Min.: 951 kWh/m²/a
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Seasonal Variation of Solar Radiation‐ 2006
Jan.
Feb.
März
Apr.
Mai
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sep.
Okt.
Nov.
Dez.
Quelle: DWD
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Yearly Variation of Solar Radiation ‐ July
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Quelle: DWD
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Yearly Variation of Solar Radiation ‐ January
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Quelle: DWD
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production
Daily Photovoltaic Energy Profiles of two Years (24.9.2011 – 23.9.2013)
“Chaotic Behavior” of Single Profiles
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Daily Profile of Photovoltaic Energy Production
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Daily Power Probability of a Photovoltaic System
PV‐System at NEXT ENERGY, Schott ASI 95, 1140 WP, 147° SO, 7° inclination
Time Range from 24.9.2011 to 23.9.2013
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Daily Power Probability of a Photovoltaic System
1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
90
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80
99
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Daily Power Probability of a Photovoltaic System
1
20
1
40
60
20
80
40
60
99
Summer
Winter
» 21st March – 20th September
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99
» 21st September – 20th March
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Energy Efficiency and Photovoltaic Probability
‐ Vacuum Cleaner ‐
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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EU Directive – Energy Demand of Vacuum Cleaners
Currently available vacuum cleaners need 3000W and more
Customer Thinking: „More electrical power equals more suction power“
Starting Sept. 2014 < 1600 W
Starting in 2017 < 900 W
Directive includes new label to show suction power of vacuum cleaner independent of the required electrical power
Sources: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/G72_1960s.jpg, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/IVacF120_1940s.jpg, http://heise.de/‐2037439
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV‐Power
Photovoltaic System with
4000 W nominal Power
Own consumption PV‐
System for single family
home
Full year probability
Influence of the morning
vacuum cleaning on the PV‐
supply of the cleaner
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV‐Power
1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
99
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Probability of full supply with
PV‐power at identical
convenience and investment
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV‐Power
Vacuum Cleaner 3000 W
1
3000
10
P
[W]
Wmin
[%]
Wmax
[%]
3000
0
5
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
99
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Probability of full supply with
PV‐power at identical
convenience and investment
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV‐Power
Vacuum Cleaner 1600 W
1
3000
10
P
[W]
Wmin
[%]
Wmax
[%]
3000
0
5
1600
20
45
20
30
1600
40
50
60
70
80
90
99
10.04.2014
Probability of full supply with
PV‐power at identical
convenience and investment
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV‐Power
Vacuum Cleaner 900 W
1
3000
10
P
[W]
Wmin
[%]
Wmax
[%]
3000
0
5
1600
20
45
900
35
50
20
30
1600
40
900
50
60
70
80
90
99
10.04.2014
Probability of full supply with
PV‐power at identical
convenience and investment
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Influence of Energy Efficiency on Supply with PV‐Power
Typical time of use during the daytime
1
3000
10
20
30
1600
40
900
50
60
Reduced power demand at constant function, conveni‐
ence and investment
Transparency of functions and convenience
Reduced self‐consumption of photovoltaic energy generated
70
80
90
99
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Increased probability of self‐
sufficiency
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Energy Profile of a Household Scenario
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Sample Day Energy Profile – Household
Load Profile VDI 4655 here: sunny autumn/spring weekday
Yearly Energy Demand (electr.) 4.5 MWh
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Sample Day Energy Profile – Photovoltaics
Installed Photovoltaic System 4 kWnominal
Yearly Energy Production 3.7 MWh
Own Consumption ~30%
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Sample Day Energy Profile – Storage
Installed Serviceable Storage Capacity 4 kWh
Increase Own Consumption to ~65%
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Sample Day Energy Profile – Storage Grid Friendly
Grid Friendly Home
or: Regulation enforces reduced feed in (relative to nominal power of Photovoltaic‐System)
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Sample Day Energy Profile – Demand Side Management
Move energy demand to times with high pv‐
probability
Include pv‐power‐prediction in planning process
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Dimensioning of
Energy Storage and Photovoltaics
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Influence of the Serviceable Storage Capacity on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency
?
10.04.2014
Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production!
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Influence of the Serviceable Storage Capacity on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency
?
10.04.2014
Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production!
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
45
Influence of the Serviceable Storage Capacity on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency
?
10.04.2014
Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production!
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
46
Influence of the Photvoltaic Energy Production on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency
?
10.04.2014
Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production!
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
47
Influence of the Photvoltaic Energy Production on the Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency
?
10.04.2014
Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production!
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
48
Dimensioning Storage and Photovoltaics – Conflict between Own Consumption and Self Sufficiency
99
90
80
80
70
60
50
70
40
60
30
20
50
20 30
?
10.04.2014
40
?
Results strongly depend on underlying profiles of energy demand and production!
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Electrical Profile from Field Measurement
Oldenburg, semidetached house, man. 1997, 100 m², 2 adults & 1 child
Profile 1st April 2013 05.11.2013
B. Hanke | Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum ‐ Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV‐Strom
50
Potential of Thermal use of Photovoltaic Energy
10.04.2014
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Thermal use of Photovoltaics – Potential
Oldenburg, semidetached house, man. 1997, 100 m², 2 adults & 1 child
Profile 1st April 2013 05.11.2013
B. Hanke | Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum ‐ Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV‐Strom
52
Thermal use of Photovoltaics – Potential
Heat Req.
Power Req.
05.11.2013
15.045 kWh
2.977 kWh
Period
10.2012 – 9.2013
B. Hanke | Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum ‐ Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV‐Strom
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Thermal use of Photovoltaics – Potential
Heating
12.658 kWh
Tap Water
2.387 kWh
Power Req.
2.977 kWh
05.11.2013
B. Hanke | Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum ‐ Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV‐Strom
54
Thermal use of Photovoltaics – Potential
817 kWh/kWP
Schott ASI 95
South‐East 147°, 7° decl.
Heating
12.658 kWh
Tap Water
2.387 kWh
Power Req.
2.977 kWh
05.11.2013
max
out of
PV
0 kWh
0 kWh
12.658 kWh
Rest
1.903 kWh
B. Hanke | Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum ‐ Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV‐Strom
2.387 kWh
1.074 kWh
PV‐Production
=
Power Req.
PV‐Excess
1.074 kWh
55
Thermal use of Photovoltaics – Potential
Heating
12.658 kWh
Tap Water
2.387 kWh
Power Req.
2.977 kWh
05.11.2013
max
out of
PV
0 kWh
640 kWh
12.658 kWh
Rest
1.903 kWh
B. Hanke | Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum ‐ Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV‐Strom
1.747kWh
1.074 kWh
PV‐Production
=
Power Req.
PV‐Excess
434 kWh
56
Thermal use of Photovoltaics – Potential
Heating
12.658 kWh
Tap Water
2.387 kWh
Power Req.
2.977 kWh
05.11.2013
max
out of
PV
67 kWh
640 kWh
12.591 kWh
Rest
1.903 kWh
B. Hanke | Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum ‐ Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV‐Strom
1.747kWh
1.074 kWh
PV‐Production
=
Power Req.
PV‐Excess
367 kWh
57
Thermal use of Photovoltaics – Potential
Heating
12.658 kWh
Tap Water
2.387 kWh
Power Req.
2.977 kWh
05.11.2013
max
out of
PV
466 kWh
874 kWh
12.192 kWh
Rest
2.160 kWh
B. Hanke | Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum ‐ Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV‐Strom
1.513kWh
817 kWh
PV‐Production
=
1,5∙Power Req.
PV‐Excess
966 kWh
58
Thermal use of Photovoltaics – Potential
Heating
12.658 kWh
Tap Water
2.387 kWh
Power Req.
2.977 kWh
05.11.2013
max
out of
PV
951 kWh
1.075 kWh
11.707 kWh
Rest
2.265 kWh
B. Hanke | Köln, OTTI Anwenderforum ‐ Direkteinspeisung, Eigenverbrauch und Speicherung von PV‐Strom
1.312 kWh
712 kWh
PV‐Production
=
2∙Power Req.
PV‐Excess
1.663 kWh
59
Conclusions
10.04.2014
Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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Conclusions
Complex combination of possible home energy systems requires research and tools for dimensioning
Known probability of photovoltaic power production allow planning of consumers without knowledge of todays energy production profile
Energy efficiency is one important tool to increase self sufficiency and change the energy demand profile
Correct dimensioning of photovoltaic and battery storage system is the key to economic feasibility and requires in depth knowledge of the energy profiles
Thermal energy requirements can be utilized to make use of excess photovoltaic energy if feed in tariffs drop below gas prices or heat pumps are used
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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NEXT ENERGY – Energy Research for the Future
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Dr. B. Hanke | Make the best of the sun | Hall 27 / Stand D 55
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