June2012
ALSO PUBLISHED ONLINE:
www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
DDS Devices Generate
High-Purity Waveforms
Simply, Efficiently, and
Flexibly
INSIDE THIS ISSUE:
Web-Based Radar Systems
Courses
Featured Products
New Products
Market Reports
Lightwave
Ideas for today’s engineers: Analog · Digital · RF · Microwave · mm-wave · June
2012
1
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Electrical Specifications (1 Meter of Fiber)
Noise Input Power Spurious Free
Phase Group
Available Wavelengths
Gain Figure @ P1dB Dynamic Range Noise Delay VSWR Standard
Optional
Series
Frequency
(dB) (dB) (dBm, Min.) (dB/Hz, Typ.) (dBc, Typ.) (ns) (In/Out)
(nm)
Wavelengths
Transmitters and Receivers
SLL
5 kHz - 2.5 GHz
12
18
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12
18
-14
103
>100
0.2
2:1
1550/1310
18 CWDM Ch
LBL
50 KHz - 3 GHz
15
11
-14
106
>100
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2:1
1550/1310 18 CWDM Ch, 45 DWDM Ch
50 KHz - 4.5 GHz
15
11
-14
106
>100
0.2
2:1
1550/1310 18 CWDM Ch, 45 DWDM Ch
10 MHz - 3 GHz
15
11
-14
106
>100
0.2
2:1
1550/1310 18 CWDM Ch, 45 DWDM Ch
10 MHz - 4.5 GHz
15
11
-14
106
>100
0.2
2:1
1550/1310 18 CWDM Ch, 45 DWDM Ch
LBL-HD
950 MHz - 2.5 GHz
0
22
7
114
>100
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2:1
1550/1310
18 CWDM Ch
SCML
50 kHz - 6 GHz
15
15
-14
103
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15
15
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1550
1310/1490 nm
100 MHz -11 GHz
15
15
-14
103
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0.2
2:1
1550
1310/1490 nm
100 MHz -13 GHz
15
15
-14
103
>100
0.2
2:1
1550
1310/1490 nm
100 MHz -15 GHz
15
15
-14
103
>100
0.2
2:1
1550
1310/1490 nm
100 MHz - 18 GHz
15
15
-14
103
>100
0.2
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15
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1550
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ALSO PUBLISHED ONLINE AT: www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
24
DDS
DDS Devices Generate
High-Purity Waveforms
Simply, Efficiently, and
Flexibly
By Brendan Cronin
36
Radar
Web-Based Video
Radar Systems Courses
to Be Offered
June2012
Vol. 11 No. 6
44
New Products
By Dr. Robert O’Donnell
and Tom Perkins
Introductions from Linear
Technology, VidaRF,
M/A-COM Technology
Solutions, RFMD, MiniCircuits, and more.
16
12
6
Featured Products
In The News
Editorial
Including AVX Corp.,
Hittite, National
Instruments, SAGE
Millimeter, RLC
Electronics, Analog
Devices.
4
Highlighting the IEEE
Communications Society,
LadyBug Technologies,
CST, Lansdale
Semiconductor, XMA
Corp., and more.
Commentary by HFE
Publisher Scott
Spencer.
6 Editorial
12 In the News
40 Design Notes
8 Meetings & Events
44 New Products
64 Advertiser Index
High Frequency Electronics
EDITORIAL
Vol. 11 No. 6, June 2012
Publisher
Scott Spencer
scott@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Tel: 603-472-8261
Associate Publisher/Managing Editor
Tim Burkhard
tim@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Tel: 707-544-9977
Senior Technical Editor
Tom Perkins
tom@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Tel: 603-472-8261
Vice President, Sales
Gary Rhodes
grhodes@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Tel: 631-274-9530
Editorial Advisors:
Ali Abedi, Ph.D.
Candice Brittain
Paul Carr, Ph.D.
Alen Fezjuli
Roland Gilbert, Ph.D.
Sherry Hess
Thomas Lambalot
John Morelli
Karen Panetta, Ph.D.
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Copyright © 2012, Summit Technical Media, LLC
6
High Frequency Electronics
Let’s Get Tough on
Counterfeiters
Scott L. Spencer
Publisher
A new U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services
report documents the extent to which counterfeit electronic parts have infiltrated U.S. military systems.
According to the report, counterfeits have flooded the
supply chain, risking the performance and reliability of
critical defense systems. These parts made it into the
Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS),
the Special Operations Forces’ A/MH-6M helicopter, the
Navy’s Integrated Submarine Imaging System, the
Army’s Stryker Mobile Gun, and more.
Bogus parts in the U.S. military supply chain are nothing new, although
their pervasiveness seems to be on the rise. Two incidents related to personal experience come to mind. While I was working for a major defense
contractor we received a shipment of diodes from a supplier. They were
accompanied by all the required Certificates of Compliance and were
marked with the appropriate JANTX V designation. The parts easily
moved through incoming inspection and onto the assembly floor. When
infant-mortality failures attributed to these diodes began to surface during board level screening, the QC department went to work. Their conclusion alleged that the supplier had simply re-marked the suspect parts to
suggest that they had undergone Group A, B, and C testing with profit and
sales goals driving the deception.
Pressure to Ship
In another situation a PIN Diode phase shifter intended for use in an
airborne avionics system failed at the system level during mechanical
screening. The device was removed from the system and sent to the reliability lab for failure analysis. The unit was delidded to reveal a half-inch
piece of loose buss wire floating inside the driver section of the device. The
unit had been purchased to a detailed Source Control Drawing that
required full compliance to Mil-Std-883, including Particle Impact Noise
Detection (PIND) testing. When PIND testing is done properly, a submicron particle inside a device is enough to excite the transducer and reveal
the presence of foreign matter, akin to shaking an empty milk carton with
a BB inside. Upon investigation it was concluded that the test was never
performed: the supplier claimed the necessary test equipment was out for
calibration and there was pressure to make an end-of-month shipment.
I have had highly reputable suppliers relate incidents of receiving a
field return for evaluation, only to conclude that their firm did not manufacture the component, even though it was marked with their logo, part
number and FSCM number.
In each instance, the product
supplied was made in imitation of
something else with the intent to
deceive—the very definition of
“counterfeit.”
The Senate Committee’s investigation has revealed just how
widespread the problem has
become. Over a two-year period the
investigation uncovered 1,800 cases
of suspected counterfeiting involving over one million parts.
National and Economic Security
While the Committee’s investigation focused on the risk that
counterfeits pose to U.S. national
security and the safety of U.S. military personnel, the Semiconductor
Industry Association estimates
that counterfeit electronics account
for over $7.5 billion in lost revenue
and nearly 11,000 lost American
jobs annually.
Among the conclusions reached
in the Senate Committee report is
that the DoD lacks knowledge of
the scope and impact of counterfeit
parts on critical defense systems,
and reporting to the GovernmentIndustry Data Exchange Program
(GIDEP)
is
sorely
lacking.
Government contracts that permit
contractors to recover costs incurred
as a result of their own failure to
detect counterfeit electronic parts
do not encourage the adoption of
aggressive counterfeit-avoidance
and -detection programs. Ironically,
many contractors include in the
Terms and Conditions imposed on
their suppliers a provision that
allows the Buyer to recover costs
associated with the repair, rework,
and replacement of non-conforming
materials including counterfeit
electronic parts.
As a result of these activities
and investigations the Committee
Chairman and Ranking Member
introduced an amendment to the FY
2012 National Defense Authorization
Act to address weaknesses in the
supply chain and promote the adoption of aggressive counterfeit-avoidance practices by DoD and the
defense industry. Most suppliers of
electronic parts used in defense and
aerospace systems have put in place
internal procedures that assure the
authenticity and conformance of
purchased parts, and require the
control and reporting of counterfeit
parts to other potential users and
Government investigative authorities.
General
Patrick
O’Reilly,
Director of the Missile Defense
Agency, summarizes the situation:
“We do not want a $12 million missile defense interceptor’s reliability
to be compromised by a $2 counterfeit part.”
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MEETINGS & EVENTS
Conferences
June 17 – 22, 2012
IMS 2012
Montreal, Canada
Information: http//ims2012.org
July 29 – August 3, 2012
International Conference on Wireless Information
Technology and Systems
Honolulu, Hawaii
Information: http://hcac.hawaii.edu/conferences/
tcwct2012
August 6 – 9, 2012
NIWeek 2012
Austin, Tex.
Information: http://www.niweek/
August 13 – 15, 2012
IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing,
Communications and Computing
Hong Kong
Information: www.icspcc2012.org
September 3 – 4, 2012
Workshop on Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and
Millimetre-Wave Circuits
Dublin, Ireland
Information: www.inmmic.org/
September 10 – 13, 2012
IEEE AUTOTESTCON
Anaheim, Calif.
Information: www.autotestcon.com
September 17 – 20, 2012
IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband
Syracuse, N.Y.
Information: www.ICUWB2012.org
Short Courses
Reverberation Chamber Theory/Experiment Short
Course
September 17 - 21, 2012
OSU Campus – Stillwater, Okla.
Participants will have a thorough understanding of
the operation of a reverberation chamber for EMC
testing. They will have developed a test plan for an
immunity test with specified conditions and objectives. They will also have a permanent record of data
collected and analyzed, and an extensive set of notes.
Information: http://rc-course.okstate.edu/
High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Course
Electromagnetic Effects Compliance for Aircraft
HIRF/Lightning Design, Test Methods, and
Regulatory Compliance
8
High Frequency Electronics
September 25 – 28, 2012
OSU Campus – Stillwater, Okla.
This comprehensive workshop will provide an awareness of all aspects of systems and aircraft HIRF testing as a route to compliance. With particular emphasis on practical measurement, this workshop is particularly relevant to engineers and technicians
involved in aircraft HIRF certification.
Information: http://hirf-course.okstate.edu/
Tonex
tonex.com
Tel: 1-888-868-6639
Introduction to Wireless is a comprehensive two-day
course covering all important aspects of wireless networks, applications and services.
802.11ac Training covers the fundamentals of 802.11c
concepts, features, technology, operations and configurations. Next generation of Wireless LAN technology or
802.11ac standard aims to increase data rates to the
region of 1Gbit/s by using wider channels compared to
802.11n such as 80MHz and 160MHz channels. Up to 8
MIMO spatial streams may be possible and includes
higher-order modulation such as 256QAM and will be
situated in the 5GHz band.
Radar Communications Training features in-depth
coverage of important, firm standards such as WML,
WMLScript and XHTML. In addition a technical overview of WAP 2.0 is provided in this updated course. An
overview of Open Mobile Architecture (OMA) initiative is
also provided.
Cellular Networks Performance Workshop provides
a complete overview of the QoS and performance on the
entire GSM/GERAN, CDMA and UMTS systems. It provides an introduction to the performance and QoS complete evolution of GSM towards a radio access and core
IP networks that efficiently supports UMTS services
(GERAN). It features a comprehensive study of system
performance with simulations and field trials. Covers all
major features such as basic QoS of voice, data and multimedia applications in GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA,
W-CDMA/UMTS and AMR and the full capability of the
GERAN radio interface for 3G service support is envisaged.
WiMAX Training provides an overview of WiMAX
applications, technologies, architectures and standards.
Other important topics such as protocol layers, QoS,
throughput, security, coverage, capacity planning, interference, testing and interoperability, are discussed. Basic
WiMAX architecture, RF theory, microwave, propagation,
Link budget math, troubleshooting, security and QoS
foundations and site surveys are explored.
Reduce Size and Weight
The MLTO and MLTM-Series TO-8 YIG-Tuned oscillators from
Micro Lambda Wireless provide designers a small compact
and easy to use alternative for tuneable oscillator applications.
These miniature oscillators provide wide tuning ranges
covering 2 to 9 GHz, excellent phase noise performance of
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MEETINGS & EVENTS
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
Training (ISR Training course) covers concepts and
architectures of Intelligence, Surveillance, and
Reconnaissance. ISR training also covers all related
enabling architecture, technologies, standards, modeling,
analysis, engineering, testing and evaluation. This course
is designed for engineers, technical professionals, project
managers and analysts. An overview of SysML, DoDAF
2.0 and NAF 3.0 architecture related to Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance is discussed.
Besser Associates
besserassociates.com
Tel: 650-949-3300
New Courses
Course 227: Wireless LANs
Course 226: Wireless/Computer/Telecom Network
Security
Course 228: GaN Power Amplifier Design
Course 223: F
undamentals of LTE, HSPA, &
WCDMA
Course 221: B
ER, EVM, & Digital Modulation
Testing for Test & Product Engineers
Course 230: EMI/EMC Design and Troubleshooting
Course 231: R
adio Frequency Basics for Electronics
Professionals
Course 222: RF Power Amplifier Techniques
Featured Advanced Programs
Course 212: B
ehavioral Modeling & Digital PreDistortion of RF Power Amplifiers
Course 016: Modern Digital Modulation Techniques
Course 181: M
onolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit
(MMIC) Design
Courses Available via Web Classroom Delivery
Course 059: RF Fundamentals
Course 140: E
MC/Shielding/Grounding Techniques
for Chip & PCB Layout
Course 216: Power Amplifier ABC’s
Course 220: Phase Noise and Jitter
Course 229: Introduction to Impedance Matching
Course 228: GaN Power Amplifier Design
Company-Sponsored
Training & Tools
National Instruments
LabVIEW Core 1
Online
http://sine.ni.com/tacs/app/fp/p/ap/ov/pg/1/
LabVIEW Core 2
Online
http://sine.ni.com/tacs/app/fp/p/ap/ov/pg/1/
Object-Oriented Design and Programming in LabVIEW
Online
http://sine.ni.com/tacs/app/fp/p/ap/ov/pg/1/
10 High Frequency Electronics
Agilent Technologies
Advanced Agilent VEE Pro
June 19 – 22, 2012, Las Vegas, Nev.
http://www.home.agilent.com/agilent/eventDetail.
jspx?cc=US&lc=eng&ckey=701878-14&nid=34787.0.00&id=701878-14
AWR
On-site and online training, and open training courses on
design software.
http://web.awrcorp.com/Usa/News--Events/Events/
Training/
Linear Technology
LTSpice IV
LTpowerCAD
LTpowerPlay
Amplifier Simulation & Design
Filter Simulation & Design
Timing Simulation & Design
Data Converter Evaluation Software
http://www.linear.com/designtools/software/
Call
for
Papers
2012 IEEE 21st Conference on Electrical Performance
of Electronic Packaging and Systems
October 21 – 24, 2012, Tempe, Ariz.
Abstract Deadline: July 1, 2012
Final Paper Deadline: July 8, 2012
http://ieee.org/web/callforpapers
2012 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference
December 4 – 7, 2012, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Abstract Deadline: June 20, 2012
Final Paper Deadline: September 2012
http://apmc2012.com/
2013 IEEE Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic
Integrated Circuits in Rf Systems (SiRF)
January 20 – 22, 2013, Austin, Tex.
Abstract Deadline: July 20, 2012
Final Paper Deadline: October 28, 2012
http://www.silicon-rf.org/sirf2013/
2013 IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS)
April 13 – 18, 2013, Beijing, China
Abstract Deadline: September 30, 2012
Final Paper Deadline: December 10, 2012
http://www.iws-ieee.org/
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IN THE NEWS
The IEEE Communications Society (IEEE ComSoc)
has observed its 60th year dedicated to the development of communications professionals worldwide and
the advance of the entire range of broadband, wireless, multimedia, data,
image and voice technologies. Founded in
1952, IEEE ComSoc,
which has over 50,000
members and stands as the second largest of IEEE’s
38 technical societies, is recognized internationally
for its premier conferencing events, industry-leading
technical publications and journals, world-class certification and educational programs, and global network
of technical professionals and standardization projects.
Originally founded with the formation of IRE’s (the
Institute of Radio Engineers) Professional Group on
Communications Systems (PGCS), the organization
was officially relaunched as the IEEE Communications
Society and as an independent Society of The Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 1972.
Beginning with 8,800 individuals, the Society’s membership has grown by more than 500 percent over the
past 40 years and now includes more than 200 international chapters and working relationships with an
additional 30 international Societies to extend its international reach to another 500,000 engineers, scientists
and industry professionals.
LadyBug Technologies announced that it has selected Partner Electronic of Izmir, Turkey as its authorized
distributor in Turkey for LadyBug’s range of fast, compact USB Power Sensors covering Average Power,
Peak and Pulse Power, and Pulse Profile measurements.
The company also announced that Sea-Port Technical
Sales of Bellevue, Wash., has been named as authorized
distributor for the Pacific Northwest for LadyBug’s
entire range of USB Power Sensors.
Giga-tronics announced the appointment of Bentive
LLC as new Sale Representatives for Northern
California, to cover its growing business in RF and
microwave test and measurement equipment. The products include the company’s high-performance microwave signal generators, broadband microwave power
amplifiers, and extensive line of power meters and
power sensors.
CST announced that Delcross Technologies’ EMIT
(Electromagnetic Interference Toolkit) is now available through the CST of America sales channel. The
software will be fully supported by CST’s electromagnetic specialists. EMIT adds a significant capability to
CST’s existing product portfolio of antenna and system
design tools. Along with Antenna Magus for early stage
synthesis and CST STUDIO SUITE for full 3D design
12 High Frequency Electronics
and installed performance analysis, EMIT adds an integrated capability for analyzing multi-antenna platforms
and predicting cosite interference between RF systems
attached to the antennas.
Lansdale Semiconductor Inc. President Dale
Lillard has once again weighed in on the subject
of counterfeiting in the semiconductor marketplace. Excerpt: “There has been a substantial increase
in the last three years of counterfeit integrated circuits.
There are many more parts being counterfeited, and
they are harder to identify. Industry and government
have recognized the risks and are taking action to
mitigate the procurement of counterfeits. Defense contractors are making more of an effort to purchase from
authorized sales channels when possible. Distributors
have been forced to be both police and investigators to
ensure their customers receive legitimate product, so
they are implementing processes to evaluate product
that is suspect. An entire industry now exists just to
provide investigation tools and services to identify bad
product. The Defense Supply Center Columbus (DSCC)
has instituted a qualification process for distributors
and brokers supplying products to them that helps
prevent counterfeits, and the government has also
stepped up its efforts to stop counterfeiting, recognizing
its negative impact on defense and commerce and that
it is a danger to public health, public safety, and fair
competition.” Read more at http://www.lansdale.com/
news_about_lansdale.php?a=detail&id=46.
Also speaking out on counterfeiting is L-com, Inc., a
designer and manufacturer of wired and wireless connectivity products, which took a public stance on
the hot-button issue of counterfeit cables by posting an
extensive article on its website. The article alerts cable
buyers to the many ways unscrupulous manufacturers
and distributors have flooded the market with sub-standard connectivity equipment. The issue of counterfeit
cables has plagued the connectivity industry for years,
but has greatly expanded in the past twelve months.
L-com’s post is their first publicly posted alert, though
they have been advising customers for years. It comes
with detailed information on the types of counterfeiting
that L-com has encountered and the dangers of using
sub-standard cables. It also includes a link to a 14-page
independent report to qualify the exact characteristics
and problems. More info: http://www.l-com.com/content/Article.aspx?Type=L&ID=9961.
Teseq Holding AG, a leading developer and provider
of instrumentation and systems for EMC emission and
immunity testing, intends to acquire New York-based
Instruments for Industry (IFI), a leading designer
and manufacturer of solid state and traveling wave
tube (TWT) amplifiers. By combining the competencies
The New Low in Frequency Synthesis
ADC
REF
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< –100dBc Spurious Products
Low Noise and Spurious Levels, 375MHz to 6GHz Frequency Synthesizers
Our new ultralow noise, integer-N frequency synthesizers provide best-in-class phase noise and spurious performance.
®
The LTC 6945 is a low noise, low 1/f corner PLL core for use with an external VCO while the LTC6946 is a complete
TM
frequency synthesizer including a low phase noise VCO. The free, easy-to-use PLLWizard CAD tool quickly and accurately
simulates synthesizer performance to ensure an optimal design. So, creating low noise designs without performance
compromises is done without losing sleep.
Features
Closed-Loop Phase Noise
• Industry’s Lowest In-Band 1/f Noise
Corner
• Spurious Levels < –100dBc
• High Current 11mA Output Charge
Pump Minimizes Loop Compensation
Thermal Noise
• Programmable Output Divider for
Wide Operating Frequency Range
Phase Noise (dBc/Hz)
• Low –226dBc/Hz Normalized In-Band
Phase Noise Floor
Info & Free Samples
–80
www.linear.com/product/LTC6946
–90
1-800-4-LINEAR
–100
–110
–120
–130
RMS NOISE = 0.61°
–140 RMS JITTER = 296fs
fRF = 5.7GHz
–150 fPFD = 10MHz
BW = 85kHz
–160
100
1k
10k
100k
Get the
www.linear.com/PLL
1M
Offset Frequency (Hz)
10M 40M
, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are
registered trademarks and PLLWizard is a trademark of Linear
Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of
their respective owners.
IN THE NEWS
of IFI and the recently acquired MILMEGA with its
own capabilities, Teseq will expand its capabilities and
broaden its product line in the RF amplifier market,
providing its customers with the best possible solutions
in variety of applications including commercial, industrial automotive, military, defense and communications.
Johannes Schmid, President of Teseq, said, “Because
IFI is a US-based manufacturer, we have an immediate increase in the services we can offer this growing
customer base. This latest acquisition solidifies Teseq’s
commitment to forward thinking and growth of a successful business. IFI will help us to become a dominant
supplier for the whole RF power amplifier line.”
Aerospherical Systems™ announced an aircraft
design which is a perfect sphere. The flying orb is
called an Aerosphere™. Until now, aeronautical flight
vehicles have relied, almost exclusively, on a fixed-wing
concept to elevate the aircraft and propel it through the
atmosphere. One might comment that helicopters are
the exception to this rule, but, as is well known, a helicopter utilizes a rotating fixed wing to generate the lift
required to propel the aircraft. A cursory examination
of NASA’s websites and those of the USAF Research
Laboratory reveals that while many concepts for new
aircraft are under development, almost all rely on the
fixed wing concept to generate lift. Aerospherical is
developing a radically new concept for transportation,
particularly drone and human-cargo aircraft that relies
on the use of a sphere to generate the required lift and
propel the spherical aircraft through the atmosphere (or
water). This technology has been proven in battle since
World War II in the “DamBuster” attacks on Hitler’s
dams, on every golf course on Earth (have you ever wondered why the golf ball has dimples and the clubs are
angled) and in numerous NASA and Chinese Aerospace
scientific studies.
Representatives from IKE Micro were presented with
Raytheon’s 5 Star Award at the annual Supplier
Excellence Awards and Dinner on May 15. The 5 Star
Award is given to suppliers who meet a minimum purchase requirement with Raytheon, have an acceptable
D&B SER rating, and maintain a 100-percent on-time
delivery and quality rating over a 12-month period.
The supplier must also have evidence of a sustainable Operational Excellence program in place. Of the
thousands of Raytheon suppliers worldwide, IKE Micro
is one of just 31 companies to receive the prestigious
award.
General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc., Poway,
Calif., was awarded a $141,832,994 cost-plus-incentivefee contract. The award will provide for the services in
support of the MQ-1C Gray Eagle unmanned aircraft
systems. Work will be performed in Poway, Calif., with
14 High Frequency Electronics
an estimated completion date of May 7, 2013. The U.S.
Army Contracting Command, Redstone Arsenal, Ala., is
the contracting activity (W58RGZ-12-C-0075).
The Boeing Co., Huntsville, Ala., was awarded an
$83,063,950 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract. The award
will provide for the engineering services in support
of the Avenger weapon system. Work will be performed in Huntsville, Ala., with an estimated completion date of March 31, 2015. The U.S. Army Contracting
Command, Redstone Arsenal, Ala., is the contracting
activity (W31P4Q-12-C-0117).
BAE Systems, York, Pa., was awarded a $68,726,155
cost-reimbursement, no-fee contract. The award will
provide for the modification of an existing contract to
reset/convert Bradley Operational Desert Storm
situational awareness vehicles. Work will be performed in York, Pa., with an estimated completion date
of May 31, 2014. The U.S. Army Contracting Command,
Warren, Mich., is the contracting activity (W56HZV10-G-0003).
Linwave Technology announced the appointment
of Neil Sparling as Technical Director. Qualified as
a BEng in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mr.
Sparling brings a wealth of project management and
microwave technology innovation to the business, built
up over a wide ranging career in diverse markets across
the globe. He has spent significant time on the design
of components and systems for microwave applications
in defense radar, EW and sensing, and marine and commercial applications, most recently as Program Director
at a leading EW specialist.
XMA Corp. announced the appointment of James Doyle as the company’s
new President and CEO. Mr. Doyle is
an accomplished leader with a proven
track record of creating well-targeted
strategies that achieve business objectives. Most recently he worked as the
Congressional Affairs Liaison for Emerson Embedded
Computing in Washington D.C., a “Fortune 100” company. He is highly regarded in the technology industry and considered one of the leading authorities on
the changing face of Washington, D.C. Previous to his
appointment with Emerson he was the Vice President
of Business Development and Strategy for Hybricon
Corporation. He holds degrees from the University of
Massachusetts and an MBA from Boston University.
“Our leadership committee considered many extraordinary candidates for this position during a nationwide
search, but it became very clear to all that James Doyle
was the right choice to lead the organization and create a new vision for the future,” said Fred Goodrich,
XMA’s Board Chairman.
4G 4 U
Dual RF Mixer Needs Only 600mW
Actual Size
LTC5569 Total Solution Size: <220mm2
Including External Components
300MHz to 4GHz, 26.8dBm IIP3 Dual Active Mixer
®
The LTC 5569 is the lowest power dual mixer with the highest performance and widest bandwidth. Its small form factor is
optimized so you can pack more diversity or MIMO receiver channels in compact Remote Radio Heads. The mixer’s wide
frequency range allows you to build a wide range of multiband radios cost effectively. With integrated RF and LO balun
transformers, the LTC5569 saves cost and precious board space. Each channel can be independently shut down, providing
maximum flexibility to efficiently manage energy use.
Dual Mixer Family
Info & Free Samples
Part
Number
Frequency
Range
IIP3
(dBm)
Conv. Gain
(dB)
NF/5dBm
Blocking (dB)
Power
(mW)
Package
LTC5569
0.3GHz to 4GHz
26.8
2
11.7/17.0
600
4mm x 4mm QFN
LTC5590 0.9GHz to 1.7GHz
26.0
8.7
9.7/15.5
1250
5mm x 5mm QFN
LTC5591 1.3GHz to 2.3GHz
26.2
8.5
9.9/15.5
1260
5mm x 5mm QFN
LTC5592 1.7GHz to 2.7GHz
26.3
8.3
9.8/16.4
1340
5mm x 5mm QFN
LTC5593 2.3GHz to 4.5GHz
26.0
8.5
9.5/15.9
1310
5mm x 5mm QFN
www.linear.com/product/LTC5569
1-800-4-LINEAR
, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are
registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other
trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
High Frequency Products
FEATURED PRODUCTS
In the News
choice of male or female 2.92 mm
connectors.
RLC Electronics
rlcelectronics.com
Power Splitter
Mixer
Linear Technology announced the
LTC5567, a 300MHz to 4GHz downconverting mixer with outstanding
IIP3 (Input Third Order Intercept) of
26.9dBm, low power consumption of
294mW, and wide IF bandwidth of
2.5GHz to support 4G wireless base
stations and a wide range of high
dynamic range receiver applications.
The wide 300MHz to 4GHz operating
frequency range provides versatility
in a single device, enabling operation
in any of the cellular bands from
700MHz to 2.7GHz. It features a conversion gain of 1.9dB and a noise
figure of 11.8dB, providing excellent
dynamic range for a wide variety of
receiver applications. The LTC5567’s
IF output has a wide frequency range
of 5MHz to 2500MHz, supporting
wideband applications such as cable
TV downlink transmitters and digital predistortion (DPD) receivers.
Linear Technology
linear.com
Mini-Circuits’ new ZB8PD-362+
power splitter/combiner features:
wideband, 600 to 3600 MHz; low
insertion loss, 1.0 dB typ.; good isolation, 25 dB typ.; rugged shielded case.
Applications: WiMax; LTE; WCDMA;
cellular Infrastructure.
Mini-Circuits
minicircuits.com
A/D Converter
Phase Shifter
RLC Electronics’ manually
adjustable delay line (phase shifter)
offers continuous adjustment of electrical delay over the frequency range
of DC-40 GHz. Adjustment is
through a multiturn, locking shaft.
Low insertion loss and VSWR are
maintained throughout the adjustment range. The unit comes with a
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
16 High Frequency Electronics
Analog Devices Inc. introduced
the addition of a 4-channel highspeed A/D converter to its marketleading data converter product portfolio. The AD9653 A/D converter is
designed for medical imaging and
communications applications where
the combination of high channel density, low power and small size provide
systems engineers with greater
design flexibility and lower per-channel cost for data conversion. The
AD9653 16-bit A/D converter joins
previously-released 12-bit and 14-bit
versions to form a pin-compatible,
© 2012 AWR Corporation. All rights reserved. AWR is a National Instruments Company.
EM speed
that will
turbocharge
your design
creativity
Stop waiting and start designing™
Stop waiting and wishing for an
EM tool that keeps pace with
your own creative ideas. AXIEM
is capable of solving big problems
fast — typically 10 x faster than
current alternatives for designs of
10 K unknowns or more. And now
that it handles antennas, too, your
creativity will know no bounds. For
the most accurate EM results in
minutes rather than hours, go with
AXIEM. Grab a test copy today at
awrcorp.com/AXIEM.
AXIEM®
3D PLANAR EM
High Frequency Products
The difference:
apples and
s?
FEATURED PRODUCTS
power- and size-optimized series of
high-speed converter products.
You decide.
Analog Devices
analog.com
MegaPhase Simply Better
• Rugged, crush-proof armor
• Ultra low insertion loss at 18,
26.5 and 40 GHz
•“Best in breed” shielding
effectiveness
• Ideal for MIL-STD-461/462,
DO-160, FCC and ETSI/EN testing
MegaPhase T&M cables are still the
“Lowest Cost per Measurement”TM
and the best overall value – period.
Shielding Effectiveness
Alternative OEM:
MegaPhase EM18:
-100 db
-120 db
Insertion Loss (@ 18 GHz)
Alternative OEM:
0.782dB/ft
MegaPhase EM18:
0.230dB/ft
Operating Temperature
Alternative OEM:
-67°F to 221°F
MegaPhase EM18: -67°F to 275°F
Lead Time
Alternative OEM:
MegaPhase EM18:
> 6 weeks
< 2 weeks
Product Warranty
Alternative OEM:
MegaPhase EM18:
6 months
1 year
Very typical Test cable comparison.
Excellence in RF Interconnects
2098 West Main Street
Stroudsburg, PA 18360
Tel: 1-888-259-9067
Email: fastquote@megaphase.com
Web: www.megaphase.com/hfe
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
18 High Frequency Electronics
Doubler
The TAT8857 is ideal for use as a
“green doubler” in typical 75 Ohm
line amplifier systems where it
reduces power consumption 20%
compared to existing MMIC solutions in standard 24 volt operation.
The TAT8857 is also versatile,
designed for distribution node applications from 40-1002 MHz; it can
also be operated on 12 volts for optimal efficiency. It utilizes on-chip linearized, integrated pHEMT and
MESFET technology to provide low
distortion and configurable gain from
22-27 dB. The unit is ideally suited
for manufacturers building CATV
infrastructure solutions including
line amplifiers and in distribution
nodes where low current consumption and high performance is desirable. It offers better optimized Third
Order Distortion performance compared to legacy solutions and comes
in a standard SOIC-16 package.
TriQuint Semiconductor
triquint.com
Phase Shifter
PMI Model Number PS-3608D5G11G-8-SFF-LVT is a 8.5 to
11.0GHz, 8 Bit Digitally controlled
phase shifter capable of phase shift
ranges from 0 to 360 degrees. The
phase shift resolution is 1.41 degrees
and controlled by eight, low voltage
TTL control lines. This model has a
typical insertion loss of 8dB and
phase accuracy of ±8.5 degrees.
Phase flatness is ±4 degrees over any
1GHz within the operating frequency
range of 8.5 to 11GHz. Typical PM/
AM is ±1.5dB and the switching
speed is under 100nsec. Operating
voltage is ±15VDC having a positive
current draw of 30mA and negative
current draw of 20mA. Housing measures 1.60” x 1.75” x 0.50”.
Planar Monolithics Industries
pmi-rf.com
Bias Controller
The HMC980 is designed to control amplifiers operating in Class A
mode with bias currents up to 1.6A
and supply voltages from 5V to 16.5V.
The HMC980 Active Bias Controller
die occupies less than 3.2 mm2 of
circuit area, requires a minimal
number of external components, and
incorporates an optional current
alarm feature. For applications which
require a surface mount compatible
solution, the HMC980 is also available in a 4 x 4 mm QFN plastic package as the HMC980LP4E. The
HMC980 and the HMC980LP4E
complement Hittite’s line of DC
Power Management solutions which
operate with bias currents up to 2A
and supplies from 3V to 16.5V.
Hittite Microwave Corp.
hittite.com
High Frequency Products
FEATURED PRODUCTS
Resistives
800W, and is available in a variety of
sizes and termination styles, including flange, leaded, and surface
mount. Processed using thin film
(sputter) technology to guarantee
consistent quality, the new, highpower resistive product series is
ideal for markets with several highpower and high frequency applica-
AVX Corp. announced a series of
thin and thick film resistive products optimized for maximum power
handling and low voltage standing
wave ratio (VSWR). The series,
which includes high-power resistors,
terminations, and attenuators, features power handling from 4W to
Visit us at
MTT-S 2012
in Montreal
Booth #1521
AVX Corp.
avx.com
Broad Band Directional Couplers
Model#
VDC-0520A10
VDC-0825A20
VDC-0727A20
VDC-1040A6
VDC-2080A6
VDC-05180A10
VDC-10180A20
VDC-20180A30
VDC-05200A10
VDC-40200A6
(Couplings 3, 6, 10,15, 20, 25 & 30dB)
Coupling(dB) Freq(GHz) Sens(dB) Loss(dB) Direc(dB) VSWR Power(W)
10±0.7
20±1
20±1
6±0.7
6±1
10±1
20±1
30±1
10±1
6±1
0.50-2.0
0.80-2.5
0.70-2.7
1.0-4.0
2.0-8.0
0.50-18.0
1.0-18.0
2.0-18.0
0.50-20.0
4.0-20.0
±0.7
±1
±1
±0.7
±0.7
±1.0
±1.0
±1.0
±1.2
±0.3
Broad Band Dual Directional Couplers
Model#
0.50
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.50
1.50
1.30
0.70
1.50
1.90
20
20
20
20
20
10
10
12
12
18
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
1.20:1
1.20:1
1.20:1
1.20:1
1.25:1
1.50:1
1.50:1
1.50:1
1.60:1
1.25:1
(Couplings 3, 6, 10,15, 20, 25 & 30dB)
Coupling(dB) Freq(GHz) Sens(dB) Loss(dB) Direc(dB) VSWR Power(W)
VDDC-0510A10
VDDC-1020A20
VDDC-2040A30
VDDC-4080A10
VDDC-70120A30
VDDC-80160A30
VDDC-20180A16
VDDC-120180A20
VDDC-10200A10
VDDC-20200A30
VDDC-40200A10
10±1
20±1
30±1
10±1
30±1
30±1
16±1
20±1
10±1
30±1
10±1
0.50-1.0
1.0-2.0
2.0-4.0
4.0-8.0
7.0-12.0
8.0-16.0
2.0-18.0
12.0-18.0
1.0-20.0
2.0-20.0
4.0-20.0
±0.8
±0.8
±0.8
±0.8
±0.6
±0.8
±0.5
±0.6
±0.5
±0.8
±0.8
22
22
20
18
16
15
15
15
14
15
1.50
0.50
0.40
1.70
0.60
1.00
1.40
1.00
2.90
1.20
2.00
1.15:1
1.15:1
1.20:1
1.35:1
1.35:1
1.40:1
1.35:1
1.40:1
1.40:1
1.40:1
1.40:1
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Driver Amp
M/A-COM Technology Solutions
Inc. introduced a new RF Driver
Amplifier for MILCOM and infrastructure applications. The MAAM010617 is a 30dBm GaAs MMIC
amplifier that exhibits high linearity
over a wide input power range.
Biased with a single +5V supply, the
MAAM-010617 has a quiescent current of 420mA. The amplifier is tunable over the wide frequency range of
30 MHz to 4000 MHz, in order to
optimize its performance based on
the end application. Packaged in a
lead-free SOT-89 package, the
MAAM-010617 is fabricated using an
HBT process to realize a constant
high linearity over a wide input
power and frequency range.
180
90
Broad Band Hybrid Couplers 90 & 180
Model # Split(dB) Freq(GHz) Loss(dB) Amplitude Bal(dB) Phase Bal IsoI(dB) VSWR Power(W)
3.1
50
1.20:1
0.50-1.0
0.30
±0.50
22
VHC-0510A
±3°
3.1
1.20:1
0.50
0.50-2.0
±0.30
50
±3°
12
VHC-0520A
1.20:1
3.1
0.30
1.0-2.0
22
±3°
±0.50
VHC-1020A
50
1.20:1
0.50
3.1
0.80-2.5
22
±3°
VHC-0825A
±0.30
50
1.25:1
0.50
3.1
1.0-4.0
±5°
20
VHC-1040A
±0.50
50
1.25:1
0.40
±3°
3.1
2.0-4.0
20
VHC-2040A
±0.50
50
1.40:1
1.30
±8°
3.1
0.50-6.0
16
VHC-0560A
±0.70
50
1.30:1
0.80
±5°
2.0-8.0
18
3.1
VHC-2080A
±0.60
50
1.30:1
±3°
0.50
4.0-8.0
18
VHC-4080A
3.1
±0.50
50
1.40:1
±8°
1.60
VHC-10124A 3.1
1.0-12.4
16
±0.70
50
50
1.50:1
±8°
1.80
VHC-20180A 3.1
2.0-18.0
22
±0.70
Model # Split(dB) Freq(GHz) Loss(dB) Amplitude Bal(dB) Phase Bal IsoI(dB) VSWR Power(W)
3.1
0.45-0.90
50
±0.50
0.30
1.20:1
22
VHC-0409B
±3°
3.1
22
0.50-1.0
±0.50
0.30
1.20:1
50
±3°
VHC-0510B
22
3.1
±0.30
0.30
±3°
1.20:1
1.2-1.4
VHC-1214B
50
22
3.1
0.75-1.5
±3°
±0.50
1.20:1
0.30
VHC-0715B
50
22
3.1
±3°
1.0-2.0
±0.50
1.20:1
VHC-1020B
0.30
50
20
±3°
3.1
±0.30
VHC-2224B
1.25:1
2.2-2.4
0.30
50
20
±3°
3.1
2.0-4.0
±0.50
VHC-2040B
1.25:1
0.30
50
18
±3°
3.1
4.0-8.0
VHC-4080B
±0.50
1.30:1
0.30
50
14
±14°
2.0-18.0
VHC-20180B 3.1
±1.30
1.80:1
2.70
50
Broad Band Power Dividers
Model #
# ways Freq(GHz) Loss(dB) Amplitude Bal(dB) Phase Bal IsoI(dB) VSWR
±0.20
0.35
20
0.50-1.0
2
VPD-0510A2
1.20:1
±2°
±0.50
8
20
VPD-1020A8
1.00
1.0-2.0
±5°
1.30:1
±0.30
4
VPD-0825A4
20
0.70
0.80-2.5
±3°
1.30:1
±0.20
2
VPD-1040A2
20
0.50
1.0-4.0
1.30:1
±2°
±0.20
2
VPD-0560A2
18
1.00
0.50-6.0
±3°
1.40:1
±0.80
VPD-2080A16 16
17
2.80
2.0-8.0
1.65:1
±7°
±0.50
8
VPD-4080A8
18
1.20
4.0-8.0
±5°
1.50:1
±0.50
VPD-10124A4 4
16
2.20
1.0-12.4
1.60:1
±7°
±0.30
VPD-20180A2 2
18
1.20
2.0-18.0
±5°
1.50:1
±0.50
4
VPD-40180A4
17
1.60
4.0-18.0
±8°
1.60:1
±0.40
VPD-60180A2 2
17
0.70
6.0-18.0
1.50:1
±5°
±0.40
2
VPD-1218A2
1.45:1
20
0.80
12.0-18.0
±5°
Broad Band Coaxial Isolators & Circulators (100 MHZ to 40 GHz)
Model #
t i o n s ,
including
wireless
infrastructure
and
telecommunications,
broadcasting, medical
diagnostic,
semiconductor manufacturing, and military and
aerospace equipment.
*Specify Isolator (I) or Circulator (C)
Freq(GHz) Loss IsoI VSWR Temp C Cir. Power (W) Dimension
VBC*-0820
VBC*-1020
VBC*-2040
VBC*-3060
VBC*-4080
VBC*-50100
VBC*-60120
VBC*-80180
VBC*-180220
VBC*-250270
VBC*-270315
0.80-2.0
1.0-2.0
2.0-4.0
3.0-6.0
4.0-8.0
5.0-10.0
6.0-12.0
8.0-18.0
18.0-22.0
25.0-27.0
27.0-31.5
(dB)
0.80
0.50
0.50
0.55
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.90
0.60
1.20
1.10
(dB)
15
18
18
18
18
17
17
15
19
17
17
1.55:1
1.30:1
1.35:1
1.35:1
1.35:1
1.35:1
1.40:1
1.50:1
1.23:1
1.35:1
1.30:1
Simple Solutions.
for complex connections
0 to +50
0 to +50
0 to +50
‐54 to +85
0 to +50
‐54 to +85
‐54 to +85
‐54 to +85
‐10 to +85
‐10 to +85
‐10 to +50
F
100
100
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
R
50
50
50
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
(L x W x H)
2.75X2.75X0.86
2.75X2.75X0.86
1.65X1.61X0.79
1.14X0.98X0.70
1.14X0.98X0.70
0.94X0.75X0.67
0.83X0.63X0.67
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High Frequency Design
DDS
DDS Devices Generate
High-Purity Waveforms Simply,
Efficiently, and Flexibly
By Brendan Cronin
by-step approximations of real numbers. When
Introduction
A key requirement the scaling factor is a rational number, a ratio
across a multitude of of two relatively prime integers, the output
industries is to accurate- frequency and the reference frequency will be
ly produce, easily manip- harmonically related. In most cases, however,
!!"# = !! ∙can
!! belong to a much broader set of real
ulate, and quickly change
waveforms of various fre- numbers, and the approximation process is
quencies and types. truncated as soon as it falls within an acceptWhether a wideband able limit.
transceiver requires an agile low-phase-noise
frequency source with excellent spurious-free Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis
One such practical realization of a
dynamic performance or an industrial measurement and control system needs a stable frequency synthesizer is direct digital
frequency stimulus, the ability to quickly, eas- frequency synthesis (DDFS), often shortened
ily, and cost effectively generate an adjustable to direct digital synthesis (DDS). The technique
waveform while maintaining phase continuity uses digital data processing to generate a
is a critical design criterion that direct digital frequency- and phase-tunable output related
to a fixed frequency reference, or clock source,
frequency synthesis can fulfill.
fc. In a DDS architecture, the reference or
system clock frequency is divided down by the
The Task of Frequency Synthesis
Increasing spectrum congestion, coupled scaling factor, set by a programmable binary
with the insatiable need for lower power, tuning word.
Stated simply, a direct digital frequency
higher quality measurement equipment, calls
for the use of new frequency ranges and better synthesizer translates a train of clock pulses
exploitation of existing ones. As a result, bet- into an analog waveform, typically a sine, triter control of frequency generation is being angular, or square wave. As Figure 1 shows, its
sought—in most cases with the assistance of essential parts are: a phase accumulator,
frequency synthesizers. These devices use a which produces a number corresponding to a
given frequency, fc, to generate a waveform at phase angle of the output waveform, a phasea related desired frequency (and
phase), fout. The general relationship can be written simply as
Direct digital synthesis
(DDS) technology is used
to generate and modify
high-quality waveforms
in a broad range of
applications.
!!"# = !! ∙ !!
= !! ,∙is
!!
Where the scaling!!"#
factor,
sometimes called the normalized
frequency.
The equation is always implemented using algorithms for step-
24 High Frequency Electronics
Figure 1 • Functional block diagram of a DDS system.
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High Frequency Design
DDS
and disadvantages, but whether integrated or not, a DAC
is required to create a high quality analog signal of exceptional purity. The DAC converts the digital sine output
into an analog sine wave and may be either single-ended
or differential. A few of the key requirements are low
phase noise, excellent wide-band (WB-) and narrow-band
(NB-) spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR), and low
power consumption. If it is an external component, the
DAC needs to be fast enough to process the signal—so
devices with a parallel port are common.
Figure 2 • Typical DDS architecture and signal path with
DAC.
to-digital converter, which generates the instantaneous
digital fraction of the output amplitude occurring at a
particular phase angle, and a D/A converter (DAC),
which converts that digital value to a sampled analog
data point.
For sine-wave outputs, the phase-to-digital amplitude
converter is usually a sine lookup table (Figure 2). The
phase accumulator counts by N, to generate a frequency
related to fC according to the equation,
!
!!"# !
!
!
!! !
DDS versus Other Solutions
Other possibilities for frequency generation include
analog phase-locked loops (PLLs), clock generators, and
using an FPGA to dynamically program the output of a
DAC. A simple comparison of the technologies can be
made by examining spectral performance and power consumption, qualitatively demonstrated in Table 1.
A phase-locked loop is a feedback loop comprising: a
phase comparator, a divider, and a voltage-controlled
oscillator (VCO). The phase comparator compares a reference frequency with the output frequency (usually
divided down by a factor, N). The error voltage generated by the phase comparator is applied to the VCO, which
generates the output frequency. When the loop has settled, the output will bear an accurate relationship to the
reference in frequency and/or phase. PLLs have long
been recognized as superior devices for low phase noise
and high spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) applications requiring high fidelity and stable signals in a specific band of interest.
Their inability to accurately and quickly tune the frequency output and waveform and their slow response
limits their suitability for applications such as agile frequency hopping and some frequency- and phase-shift
keying applications.
Other approaches, including field-programmable gate
arrays (FPGAs) with embedded DDS engines—in combination with off-the-shelf DACs to synthesize output sine
waves—solve the frequency-hopping difficulties of PLLs,
but have their own weaknesses. The main system disadvantages include higher operating and interface power
requirements, higher cost, large size, and additional software, hardware, and memory overhead for the system
developer. For example, up to 72 kbytes of memory are
where M is the resolution of the tuning word (24 bits
to 48 bits) and N is the number of pulses of fc corresponding to the smallest incremental phase change of the
phase accumulator’s output word.
Since changes to N result in immediate changes in the
output phase and frequency, the system is inherently
phase-continuous, a critical attribute in many applications. No loop settling time is required, in contrast to
analog-type systems, such as phase-locked-loops (PLLs).
The DAC is usually a high-performance circuit specifically designed to work with the DDS core (phase accumulator and phase-to-amplitude converter). In most
cases, the resulting device, often a single chip, is commonly referred to as a complete DDS or C-DDS.
Practical DDS devices often integrate multiple registers to allow various frequency- and phase-modulation
schemes to be realized. When included, the phase register’s contents are added after the phase accumulator. This
enables the output sine wave to be phase-delayed in correspondence with a phase tuning word.
This is extremely useful for phasePower
Spectral
Comment
modulation applications in communiConsumption
Purity
cation systems. The resolution of the
DDS
Low
Medium
Easy to Tune
adder circuit determines the number of
Discrete DAC + Medium
Medium-High
Ability to Tune
bits in the phase tuning word and,
FPGA
therefore, the resolution of the delay.
Analog PLL
Medium
High
Difficult to Tune
Integrating a DDS engine and a
DAC in a single device has advantages Table 1 • DDS versus competing technologies—high level comparison.
26 High Frequency Electronics
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High Frequency Design
DDS
required to generate a 10-MHz output signal with 60-dB
dynamic range using the DDS engine option on modern
FPGAs. In addition, the designer needs to be comfortable
and familiar with subtle trade-offs and the architecture of
the DDS core.
As a practical matter (Table 2), rapid advances in
CMOS processing, together with modern digital design
techniques and improved DAC topologies, have resulted
in the DDS technology achieving power consumption,
spectral performance, and cost levels that were previously unattainable for a wide range of applications. While
complete DDS products will never match the highest
performance and design flexibility achievable with custom combinations of high-end D/A converter technology
and FPGAs, the size-, power- and cost benefits, coupled
with the simplicity of DDS devices, may make them easily the first choice for many applications.
Also note that since a DDS device fundamentally
embodies a digital method of generating an output waveform, it can simplify the architecture of some solutions or
make it possible to digitally program the waveform.
While a sine wave is normally used to explain the function and operation of a DDS, it is easily possible to generate triangular or square (clock) wave outputs from modern DDS ICs, avoiding the need for a lookup table in the
former case, and for a DAC in the latter case, where the
integration of a simple yet precise comparator will suffice.
Figure 3 • Sin x/x rolloff in a DDS.
output waveform. Image responses are created in the
sampled output spectrum at K fCLOCK ± fOUT. In this example, where fCLOCK = 25 MHz and fOUT = 5 MHz, the first and
second images occur (see Figure 4) at fCLOCK ± fOUT, or 20
MHz and 30 MHz. The third and fourth images appear at
45 MHz and 55 MHz. Note that the sin x/x nulls appear
at multiples of the sampling frequency. In the case where
fOUT is greater than the Nyquist bandwidth (1/2 fCLOCK),
the first image response will appear within the Nyquist
bandwidth as an aliased image (a 15-MHz signal will
alias down to 10 MHz, for example). The aliased image
cannot be filtered from the output with a traditional
Nyquist anti-aliasing filter.
In typical DDS applications, a low-pass filter is utilized to suppress the effects of the image responses in the
DDS Performance and Limitations
The actual output of the DAC is not a continuous sine output spectrum. To keep the cutoff requirements of the
wave but a train of pulses with a sinusoidal time enve- low-pass filter reasonable and the filter design simple, an
lope. The corresponding frequency spectrum is a set of accepted guideline is to limit the fOUT bandwidth to
images and aliases. The images lie along a sin x/x enve- approximately 40% of the fCLOCK frequency using an ecolope (see |amplitude| plot in Figure 3). Filtering is neces- nomical low-pass output filter.
The amplitude of any given image in response to the
sary to suppress frequencies outside the band of interest,
but it cannot suppress higher-order aliases (due to DAC fundamental can be calculated using the sin x/x formula.
nonlinearities, for example) appearing within the pass Because the function rolls off with frequency, the amplitude of the fundamental output will decrease inversely
band.
The Nyquist Criterion dictates that a minimum of two with its tuned frequency; in a DDS system, the decrease
samples per cycle are required to reconstruct a desired will be –3.92 dB over the dc to Nyquist bandwidth.
The amplitude of the first
Phase-Locked Loops
DAC + FPGA
DDS
image is substantial—within 3
dB of the fundamental. To simSpectral Performance
High
Medium-High
Medium
plify filtering requirements for
System Power Requirements
High
High
Low
DDS applications, it is imporDigital Frequency Tuning
No
Yes
Yes
tant to generate a frequency
Tuning Response Time
High
Low
Low
plan and analyze the spectral
Solution Size/Footprint
Medium
High
Low
considerations of the image
and sin x/x amplitude responsWaveform flexibility
Low
Medium
High
es at the desired fOUT and fCLOCK
Cost
Medium
High
Low
frequencies. Online interactive
Design Re-use
Medium
Low
High
design tools supporting the
Implementation complexity
Medium
High
Low
Analog Devices DDS product
Table 2 • Benchmark Analysis Summary—Frequency-Generation Technologies family allow for quick and easy
simulation of where images lie
(<50 MHz).
28 High Frequency Electronics
and allow the user to choose frequencies where images somewhat ameliorated by frequency division, since dividare outside the band of interest. See the links section for ing the frequency of the signal yields the same amount of
jitter across a longer period, and so reduces the percentadditional useful information.
Other anomalies in the output spectrum, such as inte- age of jitter on the signal.
gral and differential linearity errors of the DAC, glitch
energy associated with the DAC, and clock feedthrough Noise—Including Phase Noise
Noise in a sampled system depends on many factors,
noise, will not follow the sin x/x roll-off response. These
anomalies will appear as harmonics and spurious energy starting with reference clock jitter, which shows up as
in many places in the output spectrum—but will gener- phase noise on the fundamental signal. In a DDS system,
ally be much lower in amplitude
than the image responses. The general noise floor of a DDS device is
determined by the cumulative comOffering a complete line of Switch Filter Banks to 40GHz
bination of substrate noise, thermal
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other sources of signal coupling.
Amplifiers
The noise floor, performance spurs,
Attenuators - Variable
and jitter of a DDS device are
greatly influenced by circuit board
DLVA & ERDLVA &
SDLVA’s
layout, the quality of the power
DTO’s
supplies, and—most importantly—
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Filters
clock.
Jitter
A perfect clock source would
have edges occurring at precise
intervals in time that would never
vary. This, of course, is impossible;
even the best oscillators are constructed from non-ideal components
and have noise and other imperfections. A high-quality, low-phasenoise crystal oscillator will have
jitter on the order of picoseconds,
accumulated over many millions of
clock edges. Jitter is caused by thermal noise, instabilities in the oscillator’s electronic circuitry, and
external interference through the
power, ground, and output connections—all contributing to disturbances in the oscillator’s timing. In
addition, oscillators are influenced
by external magnetic or electric
fields, and RF interference from
nearby transmitters. A simple
amplifier, inverter, or buffer in the
oscillator circuitry will also add jitter to a signal.
So choosing a stable reference
clock oscillator with low jitter and
sharp edges is critical. Higher frequency reference clocks allow greater oversampling, and jitter can be
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29
High Frequency Design
DDS
truncation of the phase register output may introduce
code-dependent system errors. Binary-coded words don’t
cause truncation errors. For non-binary coded words,
however, the phase-noise truncation error produces spurs
in the spectrum. The frequency/magnitude of the spurs is
determined by the code word. The DAC’s quantization
and linearity errors will also add harmonic noise in the
system. Time-domain errors, such as undershoot/overshoot and code glitches, all contribute distortion to the
output signal.
Applications
DDS applications can be segmented into two primary
categories:
• Communication and radar systems that require
agile frequency sources for data encoding and
modulation applications
• Measurement, industrial, and optical applications
that require a generic frequency synthesis function
with programmable tuning, sweeping, and
excitation
In both cases, an increasing trend towards higher
spectral purity (lower phase noise and higher spurious
free dynamic range) is coupled with low operating power
and size requirements for remote or battery operated
equipment.
DDS in Modulation/Data Encoding and Synchronization
From its exclusive origins in radar and military applications, some of the advances in DDS product characteristics (performance improvements, cost, and size) have
combined to make DDS technology very popular in modulation and data encoding applications. This section will
discuss two data encoding schemes and their proposed
implementation with a DDS system.
Binary frequency shift keying (BFSK, or simply
FSK) is one of the simplest forms of data encoding. The
data is transmitted by shifting the frequency of a continuous carrier between one (binary 1, or
) and the other
(binary 0, or space) of two discrete frequencies. Figure 4
shows the relationship between the data and the transmitted signal.
Binary 1s and 0s are represented as two different frequencies, f0 and f1, respectively. This encoding scheme is
Figure 4 • Binary FSK modulation.
30 High Frequency Electronics
Figure 5 • FSK encoding using the tuning-word selector
of an AD9834 or AD9838 DDS.
easily implemented with a DDS device. The DDS frequency tuning word representing the output frequencies is
changed so that f0 and f1 are generated from 1s and 0s to
be transmitted. In at least two members of Analog Devices
complete-DDS product families (the AD9834 and the
AD9838—see also the Appendix), the user can simply program the two current FSK frequency tuning words into the
IC’s embedded frequency registers. To shift output frequency, a dedicated pin, FSELECT, selects the register
containing the appropriate tuning word (Figure 5).
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is another simple form of
data encoding. In PSK, the frequency of the carrier
remains constant, and the phase of the transmitted signal is varied to convey the information. Several schemes
can be used to accomplish PSK. The simplest method,
commonly known as binary PSK (or BPSK), uses only two
signal phases: 0° (logic 1) and 180° (logic 0). The state of
each bit is determined according to the state of the preceding bit. If the phase of the wave does not change, the
signal state stays the same (low or high). If the phase of
the wave changes by 180°, i.e., if the phase reverses—the
signal state changes (low to high, or high to low). PSK
encoding is easily implemented with a DDS product as
most of the devices have a separate input register (a
phase register) that can be loaded with a phase value.
This value is directly added to the phase of the carrier
without changing its frequency. Changing the contents of
this register modulates the phase of the carrier, generating a PSK output. For applications that require highspeed modulation, the AD9834 and AD9838, which have
pairs of phase registers, allow signals on a PSELECT pin
to alternate between the preloaded phase registers to
modulate the carrier as required.
More complex forms of PSK employ four or eight wave
phases. This allows binary data to be transmitted at a
faster rate per phase change than is possible with BPSK
modulation. In four-phase modulation (quadrature PSK),
the possible phase angles are 0°, +90°, –90°, and +180°;
each phase shift can represent two signal elements. The
AD9830, AD9831, AD9832, and AD9835 provide four
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DDS
Figure 6 • Synchronizing two DDS components.
phase registers to allow complex phase modulation
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I/Q Capability Using Multiple DDS Components in
Synchronous Mode
Many applications require the generation of two or
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phase relationship. A popular example is in-phase and
quadrature modulation (I/Q), a technique wherein signal
information is derived from a carrier frequency at its 0°
and 90° phase angles. Two single DDS components can be
run from the same source clock to output signals whose
phase relationship can be directly controlled and manipulated. In Figure 6, the AD9834 devices are programmed
using one reference clock; the same RESET pin is used to
update both devices. In this way, simple I/Q modulation
can be achieved.
A reset must be initiated after power-up and before
transferring any data to the DDS. This establishes the
DDS output in a known phase, which becomes the common reference angle that allows synchronization of multiple DDS devices. When new data is sent simultaneously
to multiple DDS devices, a coherent phase relationship
can be maintained—or the relative phase offset between
multiple DDS devices can be predictably shifted by
means of the phase offset register. The AD983x series of
DDS products have 12 bits of phase resolution, providing
an effective resolution of 0.1°.
For more information about synchronizing multiple
DDS devices, see Application Note AN-605, “Synchronizing
Multiple AD9852 DDS-Based Synthesizers”.
Network Analysis
Many applications in the electronic world involve the
gathering and decoding of data from networks such as
analog measurement and optical communications systems. Normally, the system analysis requirement is to
stimulate a circuit or system with a frequency of known
amplitude and phase, and analyze the signal characteristics of the response signal through the system.
The information gathered on the response signal is
used to determine key system information. The range of
32 High Frequency Electronics
Figure 7 • Typical network analysis architecture using
frequency stimulus.
networks being tested (see Figure 7) can be quite wide,
including cable integrity testing, biomedical sensing, and
flow-rate measurement systems. Wherever the basic
requirement is to generate frequency-based signals and
compare phase and amplitude of the response signal(s) to
the original signal, or if a range of frequencies needs to be
excited through the system, or if test signals with different phase relationships (as in systems with I/Q capability) are required, direct digital synthesis ICs can be highly
useful for digitally controlling stimulus frequency and
phase through software with simplicity and elegance.
Cable Integrity/Loss Measurement
Cable integrity measurement is a noninvasive method
of analyzing cables in applications such as airplane wiring, local area networks (LANs), and telephone lines. One
way to determine performance is to see how much signal
is lost through the cable. By injecting a signal of known
frequency and amplitude, the user can calculate cable
attenuation by measuring the amplitude and phase at
remote portions of the cable. Parameters such as dc resistance and characteristic impedance will affect a particular cable’s attenuation. The result is usually expressed in
decibels below the signal source (0 dB) over the frequency
range of the test. The frequencies of interest depend on
the cable type. DDS devices, with their ability to generate
a wide range of frequencies, can be used as a stimulus
with the necessary frequency resolution.
Flow Meter
A related application area is in water, other liquids,
and gas flow analysis in pipelines. An example is ultrasonic flow measurement, which operates on a phase-shift
principle, as shown in Figure 8. Basically, a signal is
transmitted from one side of the channel where the liquid
is flowing and a transducer sensor is positioned on the
opposite side to measure the phase response—which
depends on the flow rate. There are many variations on
this technique. Test frequencies depend on the substance
being measured; in general, the output signal is often
transmitted over a range of frequencies. DDS provides
the flexibility to set and change the frequency seamlessly.
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High Frequency Design
DDS
Figure 8 • Ultrasonic flowmeter.
Figure 10 • Block diagram of the AD9838 DDS.
Interactive Design Tool
What is it? An online interactive design tool for DDS
is an assistant for selecting tuning words, given a reference clock and desired output frequencies and/or phases.
The tool shows the tuning word and other configuring
bits encoded as a sequence of codes for use in programming the part via its serial interface. Idealized output
harmonics can be shown for the selected reference clock
and output frequency after an external reconstruction
filter has been applied. Links to ADI’s design tools can be
found on the Interactive Design Tools homepage. One
example is the AD9834 design tool.
Evaluation Kit
The AD983x series of products come with a fully functional evaluation kit with schematics and layout. The
software provided in the evaluation kit allows the user to
easily program, configure, and test the device (Figure 9).
Other useful DDS information can be found on the
DDS website.
Murphy, Eva and Colm Slattery, “All About Direct
Digital Synthesis” Ask The Applications Engineer—33,
Analog Dialogue, Vol. 38 No. 3, (2004) pp. 8-12.
A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis (1999
122 pages).
The AD9838 in Brief: A block diagram of the
AD9838 DDS appears in Figure 10. Built on a fine-line
CMOS process, the device is an ultra-low power, (11-mW)
complete DDS. The 28-bit frequency registers permit
0.06-Hz frequency resolution with a 16-MHz clock and
0.02-Hz frequency resolution with a 5-MHz clock. Phaseand frequency modulation are configured via on-chip
registers using software or pin selection. The device features 68dBc wide-band and –97-dBc narrow-band SFDR
and operates over the extended temperature range of
–40°C to 125°C. The device is housed in a small 4-mm ×
4-mm 20-lead LFCSP (lead-frame chip-scale package).
About the Author
Brendan Cronin is a Product Marketing Engineer
working with the Core Products and Technologies (CPT)
Group within Analog Devices. Brendan joined ADI in
1998 and spent six years working as a Mixed-Signal
Design Engineer in the Industrial and Automotive products group. Brendan’s focus today is on linear and related
technologies.
Figure 9 • AD9838 evaluation software interface.
34 High Frequency Electronics
High Frequency Design
Radar
Web-Based Video Radar
Systems Courses to be Offered
by IEEE New Hampshire
Section and IEEE Aerospace
and Electronics Systems
Society
By Dr. Robert O’Donnell, Lecturer, and Tom Perkins, HFE Senior Technical Editor
Introduction
One of the most prominent technologies in the
past 70 years has been
radio detection and ranging (radar). It has helped
win wars, guide land vehicles, ships and aircraft, and explore space. This
technology led to numerous spin-off commercial technologies such as traffic law enforcement, microwave ovens, Homeland Security,
and non-invasive medical technology.
A recently developed set of Radar Systems
lectures consisting of video, audio, screen-captured PowerPoint slides and separate PDF
slides have been developed by Dr. Robert
O’Donnell, IEEE Fellow. Currently students
are e-mailing questions and having them
answered in video recitations. Problem solutions are being developed. Testing, final exam
and homework problems will be developed
using Blackboard and Moodle. It represents the
state-of-the-art in distance-learning capability.
One of the most
prominent technologies
in the past 70 years has
been radio detection
and ranging (radar).
Radar Systems Engineering II (1st Year
Graduate Course)
This Radar Systems Engineering Course
has been created as a first course in Radar
Systems for graduate students or professionals
new to radar. In the 17 lectures (approximately
26 hours in duration) there are over 1,150
slides. In slightly over a year the course has
36 High Frequency Electronics
had over 240,000
hits from 175 countries and over 2.4
terabytes of course
material has been
downloaded.
E x a m p l e
H o m e w o r k
Problems may be
performed.
The
course author is in
the process of adding the ability to ALTAIR Range Instrutake the course for mentation Radar at
Marshall
university credit or Kwajalein,
a Certificate of Islands. Photo courtesy
Completion mode US Army.
based upon successful performance on homework and tests
which will be administered via the web.
Outline of Course Material
The subject matter listed below is covered
in considerable depth.
1. Introduction
2. Review E & M
3. Review of DSP
4. Radar Equation
5. Propagation
6. Detection
7. Radar Cross Section
8. Antennas I
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12. Clutter Rejection I
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14. Airborne Radar
15. Parameter Estimation
16. Tracking
17. Transmitters/Receivers
The course in its present form
may be taken free of charge at
http://aess.cs.unh.edu/radar%20se.
html or at ece.wpi.edu/radarcourse/.
Introduction to Radar Systems
This is an introductory course
for those students or professionals Generic Block Diagram of a Radar System.
peripherally involved in radar
technology, e.g., lawyers dealing
hours in duration, approxi.mately 600 viewgraphs), is
with radar patent issues, community college students, or
taken from a three-day course developed at MIT Lincoln
technical support persons working with radars systems,
Laboratory, before the lecturer retired (In this form it is
either in their development, manufacture or operations.
available free on the MIT Lincoln Laboratory web site
Its present form, the set of 10 video lectures (about 11+
below).
Though developed to provide an understanding of
radar systems concepts and technologies to military officers and DoD civilians involved in radar systems development, acquisition, and related fields, it is also quite useful
to those with less formal math and science backgrounds.
Visit us at
This set of lectures is designed to instill a basic working
IMS 2012 Montreal
Booth #2308
knowledge of radar systems. Video recitation sessions,
practice homework problems, as well as Q & A sessions
are planned to be added to this course. This course would
be very useful for community college students enrolled in
an Engineering Associate Degree program. Take the free
course, Introduction to Radar Systems Engineering at:
http://www.ll.mit.edu/workshops/education/videocourses/
introradar/index.html
600 MHz - 90 GHz
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Summary
Dr. O’Donnell with his vast experience has devoted
countless hours to development of these courses over the
past five years. These lectures offer a well-organized,
comprehensive education in radar technology that students and current practitioners at various levels can take
advantage of now and also later as their experience
matures.
About the Authors
Dr. Robert M. O’Donnell, IEEE Fellow, is currently
IEEE NH Section Education Chairman. For further info,
Email him at rodonnell209@gmail.com or call 603-2925524. Tom Perkins is HFE’s Senior Technical Editor.
38 High Frequency Electronics
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
Design Notes & Market Reports
One Billion LTE Connections by 2017
LTE will make its presence felt in 2012 with connection volumes increasing nine-fold to reach 90 million by
year-end, according to the latest research from the
Strategy Analytics Wireless Operator Strategies service,
“Worldwide Cellular User Forecasts: 2012-2017.” With
LTE smartphones now pushing beyond their core early
markets of US, South Korea and Japan, this technology is
set for a rapid rise and will exceed one billion connections
by early 2017.
Strategy Analytics predicts that LTE, which has overwhelming support by global operators as their 4G upgrade
path and offers improved cost efficiency for mobile data
services, will account for 15 percent of all mobile connections in 2017, putting it on a faster trajectory than any
other mobile technologies. GSM took 12 years to reach
one billion connections and WCDMA will take nearly 11
years, while LTE will take just over seven years.
“It has taken some time to warm up, but operator
sentiment toward LTE has improved significantly over
the last year,” commented Phil Kendall, Director of the
Strategy Analytics Wireless Operator Strategies service.
“The LTE smartphone market is providing this sudden
lift, with LTE’s medium-term potential boosted by the
much greater scale in today’s mobile market: WCDMA
launched into a world of fewer than one billion mobile
connections, whereas we have over six billion connections
today.”
Sue Rudd, Director, Service Provider Analysis, added,
“The race is on for mobile operators to reduce cost per
Gigabyte (GB) to match the rate at which revenue per GB
is falling. LTE is one of the key tools to deliver this
improvement, with the early volume in LTE devices an
encouraging sign for operators looking to maximize
return on their LTE investments.”
—Strategy Analytics
strategyanalytics.com
Power Amps Fuel Handset Revolution
In advance of the February 2012 Mobile World
Congress trade show in Barcelona, Spain, the focus of
leading GaAs device manufacturers - including RFMD,
Skyworks, TriQuint Semiconductor and ANADIGICS--was on new power amplifier products to satisfy the growing trend for more frequency bands and modes in mobile
handsets. The Strategy Analytics GaAs and Compound
Semiconductor Technologies Service (GaAs) viewpoint,
“Compound Semiconductor Industry Review February
2012: Microelectronics,” captures these product developments along with other product, technology, contract and
financial announcements for semiconductor companies
40 High Frequency Electronics
such as Hittite Microwave, Agilent, WIN Semiconductors,
Mitsubishi, Cree, Analog Devices, Nujira, M/A-COM
Technology and TowerJazz.
“Handsets continue to be the largest segment of the
compound semiconductor market,” noted Eric Higham,
Director of the Strategy Analytics GaAs and Compound
Semiconductor Technologies Service. “As handsets evolve
with increasing functionality and frequency bands,
designers are developing new power amplifiers and module platforms to meet the innovative front-end architectures.”
Asif Anwar, Director, Strategy Analytics Strategic
Technologies Practice added, “In order to meet the stringent handset RF performance requirements, we are now
seeing the large GaAs device manufacturers develop
more multi-mode and multi-band power amplifier solutions that may be used alone, or integrated into modules.”
This monthly Strategy Analytics research summarizes financial, product, contract and employment developments from leading compound semiconductor device suppliers from February 2012. These announcements address
a variety of commercial and military applications that
use gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN),
Silicon carbide (SiC), silicon germanium (SiGe) and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies.
—Strategy Analytics
strategyanalytics.com
Alternative Location Market to
Reach $8B; Indoor to Follow
Precision indoor location is stealing the headlines, yet
wide-area alternative/hybrid location is where the money
is today.
GPS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and cellular location technologies will each be installed on over one billion devices in
2017, with direct revenues forecast to break the $8 billion
mark.
Senior analyst Patrick Connolly says, “Increasingly,
tablet, camera, and portable gaming vendors are using
location to differentiate and support additional services
and revenue models. Others, like the femtocell market,
are driven by mandates. To illustrate the potential, the
non-cellular handset market is set to reach over one billion devices by 2017.”
“Ultimately the volumes are in cellular handsets
where hybrids of GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, MEMs, NFC, etc.
will provide increasing levels of accuracy and ubiquity
indoors and out, creating the perfect platform for LBS,
location analytics, and hyperlocal advertising. This will
place significant control in the hands of carriers and
Europe’s Premier
Microwave, RF, Wireless
and Radar Event
Space for Microwaves
EuMW2012 returns to this city for what promises to be an important and
unforgettable event. Bringing industry, academia and commerce together,
European Microwave Week 2012 is a SIX day event, including THREE cutting
edge conferences and ONE exciting trade and technology exhibition
featuring leading players from across the globe.
THE EXHIBITION (29th - 31st October 2012)
• 7500 sqm of gross exhibition space
• 5000 key visitors from around the globe
• 1700 - 2000 conference delegates
• In excess of 250 exhibitors
THE CONFERENCES
Spanning the length of the week, choose from three separate
but complementary conferences:
• European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC)
29th - 30th October 2012
• European Microwave Conference (EuMC)
29th October - 1st November 2012
• European Radar Conference (EuRAD)
31st October - 2nd November 2012
• Plus, Workshops and Short Courses (From 28th October 2012)
In addition, for the third year, the free, full-day Defence
and Security Executive Forum.
Official Publication:
Organised by:
Supported by:
Co-sponsored by:
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Co-sponsored by:
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Interested in exhibiting?
Call +44(0) 20 7596 8742 or visit www.eumweek.com
Design Notes & Market Reports
handset vendors and represents both opportunity and
competition to the precision indoor location market.
Already, leading companies are putting in place the ecosystem to converge the alternative and precision indoor
markets.”
ABI Research’s report, “Alternative Positioning
Technologies,” considers the penetration of over seven
alternative location technologies and how they can be
combined to meet the needs of each market. It will also
look at how the lines between wide-area and precision
indoor location will blur into a ubiquitous location in all
environments.
ABI Research’s study, “Wireless Sensor Networks,”
analyzes IEEE 802.15.4 and which standards, such as
ZigBee, Wireless HART, and ISA100.11a, will influence
and drive the market, as well as emerging technology and
competitive solutions such as Z-Wave, 6LoWPAN,
Bluetooth Smart, and Low Power Wi-Fi.
—ABI Research
Abiresearch.com
The global point to point (PTP) radio market grew by
12.2% in 2011 and erased the decline experienced in
2010, according to the latest report from EJL Wireless
Research titled “Global Digital PTP Radio Market
Analysis and Forecast, 2011-2016 8th Edition.”
Despite a challenging economic climate in the second
half of 2011, coupled with continued turmoil in the Indian
telecom market, the industry still managed to post good
results,” says founder and President, Earl Lum.
EJL Wireless Research is proud to state that actual
PTP radio shipments were within 4% of our forecast for
2011 and we will continue to target this level of performance going forward for our research products. EJL
Wireless Research is forecasting that the PTP radio market will see softness in 2012 before a full recovery in the
next growth cycle begins in 2013.
“Huawei continued increase its market presence with
a 51% growth in shipments while NEC rebounded with
22% growth. We believe that deployments of 4G microcell
BTS for mobile operators will drive the next growth cycle
within the industry,” says Lum.
“Europe remained the top region as upgrades to support both 3G and 4G networks continued to demand” says
Lum. Asia Pacific was again, weaker than expected due
primarily to India. The hybrid (TDM/IP) radios grew in
volumes but the segment lost market share to Ethernet
radios which increased to 29% of total shipments. The
60/70/80GHz radio shipments declined by 39% in 2011
due to the softness in demand from Clearwire. BridgeWave
Communications continues to lead this emerging product
segment.
The report provides a unique perspective on the global
shipments and demand for PTP radio equipment covering
all vendors including Alcatel-Lucent, BridgeWave
Communications, Ceragon Networks, DragonWave,
E-band Communications, Ericsson, Aviat Networks,
Huawei Technologies, NEC, Nokia Siemens Networks,
SIAE Microelettronica and ZTE.
850M IEEE 802.15.4 Chipsets to Ship
in 2016
The IEEE 802.15.4 IC market, often referred to as
wireless sensor networks (WSN), will expand to over 850
million units per annum by 2016, experiencing a compound annual growth rate of over 60% from 2010 to 2016.
While growth is led by advanced metering infrastructure
(AMI) equipment, significant uptake is expected in home
automation, home entertainment, medical, and others.
ZigBee is the most widely-used IEEE 802.15.4 technology, accounting for 40% of total shipments in 2012 and
growing to over 50% by 2015. Current deployments and
growth are being driven by the ZigBee Alliance, the
industry body now comprising over 400 members including IC suppliers such as Freescale, Intel, Marvell, NXP,
STMicroelectronics, and Texas Instruments.
“Many IC suppliers have seen the potential of ZigBee
and other 802.15.4 technologies and are helping drive
new application solutions including the latest ZigBee
Light Link standard,” says Peter Cooney. “No doubt these
vendors see the potential of adding ZigBee to their arsenal of wireless connectivity technologies alongside
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC, and others.”
As ZigBee grows in its key markets and expands into
new areas it will see increasing competition as other technologies also continue to develop. One technology that
will compete with ZigBee, particularly in the home environment, is Bluetooth. “ZigBee offers many advantages
for smart home applications including large network
sizes, low power consumption, and low cost solutions,
however the ubiquity of Bluetooth in the smartphone and
consumer desire to use this device as the home hub/controller will drive use of Bluetooth Smart and Smart
Ready devices in the smart home environment, making it
a strong competitor to ZigBee in this space,” comments
Cooney.
42 High Frequency Electronics
—ABI Research
abiresearch.com
Global PTP Radio Shipments Grew
12.2% in 2011
—EJL Wireless Research
ejlwirelessresearch.com
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LNA
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Switch
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Packaged in a surface mount 4mm
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44 High Frequency Electronics
M/A-COM Technology Solutions
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I/Q Demodulator
Linear Technology announced the
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LTE multimode, LTE Advanced
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VHF and UHF radios and the
450MHz/700MHz LTE frequency
bands. Unique to the LTC5584 are
built-in calibration features. One is
advanced circuitry that enables the
system designer to optimize the
receiver’s
IIP2
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increasing from a nominal 70dBm
to an unprecedented 80dBm or
higher.
Linear Technology
linear.com
Isolator
VidaRF offers the 6-18 GHz coaxial
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VSWR of 1.42:1 or less, and can
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19
PSA
700-1000 31.3
50-6000 13.5
PMA
PGA
Price $
(qty. 20)
55
40
33 (3V)
58 (5V)
40
30
25-55 (3V )
37-80 (4V )
158
20
2.87
1.49
2.50
1.49
1.49
2.87
4.95
1.49
1
$ 49
from
ea. ( qty. 20 )
Our catalog models are in stock and ready to ship, so why
wait? Go to minicircuits.com for all the details, from data sheets,
performance curves, and S-parameters to material declarations,
technical notes, and small-quantity reels—as few as 20 pieces,
with full leaders and trailers. Place an order today, and see what
these tiny, high-performance amplifiers can do for your
RoHS compliant
application, as soon as tomorrow!
o S
COMPLIANT
Model
PGA-103+
PMA-5453+
PSA-5453+
Freq.
(MHz)
Gain NF
IP3
Pout Current Price $
(dB) (dB) (dBm) (dBm) (mA) (qty. 20)
50-4000
50-6000
50-4000
10.8
14.3
14.7
1.0
0.7
1.0
43
37
37
22
20
19
94
60
60
1.99
1.49
1.49
50-6000
50-6000
50-4000
400-2200
14.4
14.2
14.9
31.3
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.0
36
36
36
34
22
20
20
22
60
80
80
158
1.49
1.49
1.49
4.95
PMA-545G2+ 1100-1600
PSA-5455+
50-4000
PSA-5451+
50-4000
30.4
14.4
14.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
34
32
30
22
19
16
158
40
30
4.95
1.49
1.49
PMA-5456+
PMA-545+
PSA-545+
PMA-545G1+
Mini-Circuits...we're redefining what VALUE is all about!
®
ISO 9001
®
ISO 14001 AS 9100
P.O. Box 350166, Brooklyn, New York 11235-0003 (718) 934-4500 Fax (718) 332-4661
The Design Engineers Search Engine finds the model you need, Instantly • For detailed performance specs & shopping online see
U.S. Patents
7739260, 7761442
IF/RF MICROWAVE COMPONENTS
506 rev org
High Frequency Products
NEW PRODUCTS
VCXOs
Rubyquartz Technology announced
its new V8F/V8M family of ultralow jitter VCXOs, suitable as pin
for pin replacements for the EpsonToyocom TCO-2111T products. This
new family of LVPECL Voltage controlled VCXO oscillators are particularly useful in applications such
as Backhaul Transmission, Fiber
Infrastructure, Gigabit Ethernet,
PLL
applications,
Test
&
Measurement and Networking
usages. Typical frequencies, such as
122.88MHz, 153.6MHz, 155.52MHz,
245.76MHz,
320.00MHz,
491.52MHz and others make the
V8F/V8M family additionally applicable in wireless base station, wireless and fiber transmissions and
instrumentation applications.
Rubyquartz Technology
rubyquartz.com
7x7 mm 48-pin QFN and consumes
less than 5 watts between a 5 V
input amplifier supply and an 8 V
output amplifier supply. It utilizes
proven GaAs pHEMT at Edge QAM
optimized voltage to significantly
reduce power consumption of the
output stage.
TriQuint Semiconductor
triquint.com
Switch
RFMD’s new RFSW6131 is a GaAs
pHEMT Single-Pole Three-Throw
(SP3T) switch designed for use in
Cellular, 3G, LTE, and other high
performance communications systems. It offers a symmetric topology
with
excellent
linearity
and
power handling
capability, while
also 3V and 5V
positive
logic
compatible.
Features: LF to
6000MHz Operation; Low Loss:
0.5dB (2GHz);
Isolation: 27dB
(2GHz); High IP3: 56dBm; P0.1dB:
31dBm (5V, 2.2GHz); DFN, 1.5mm
x 1.5mm Package. Applications:
Cellular, 3G, LTE Infrastructure;
WiBro, WiMAX, LTE; Wireless
Backhaul; High Performance
Communications Systems; GMSK,
QPSK, DQPSK, QAM Modulation.
RFMD
rfmd.com
Amp
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
46 High Frequency Electronics
The TAT2814A is an RFIC for
DOCSIS 3.0 Output Sections, such
as CMTS and Edge QAM. It combines a low-reflection differential
input stage, a variable gain step
attenuator and an efficient output
amplifier to provide significant
reduction in power consumption
and PC board space. It replaces
circuitry requiring up to 10x the
board space and 2x the power. The
TAT2814A meets the stringent
DOCSIS 3.0 output linearity specifications with extra margin to overcome additional losses before the
output connector. The TAT2814A is
packaged in an industry standard
Filter
PMI Model BRF17D6G-20M-CD-1
is a band reject “notch” filter having
a passband of DC to 17.47GHz and
17.77 to 20.0GHz and over 40dB of
rejection at 17.59 to 17.61GHz.
Insertion loss in the passband is
less than 5dB and VSWR is better
than 2.0:1. This filter is supplied
with SMA Female connectors and
the size is 1.5” x 0.5” x 0.68”.
Planar Monolithics Industries
pmi-rf.com
CST STUDIO SUITE
Discover what happens…
2012
Making Sense of the Real World
– System Level EM Simulation
• Components don’t exist in electromagnetic isolation. They influence their
neighbors’ performance. They are affected by the enclosure or structure around
them. They are susceptible to outside
influences. With System Assembly and
Modeling, CST STUDIO SUITE 2012
helps optimize component as well as
system performance.
Simulation of cancer treatment
by RF thermoablation
Involved in biomedical applications? You
can read about how CST technology was
used to simulate biomedical devices at
www.cst.com/biomed.
If you’re more interested in filters, couplers, planar and multilayer structures,
we’ve a wide variety of worked application examples live on our website at
www.cst.com/apps.
Get the big picture of what’s really going
on. Ensure your product and components
perform in the toughest of environments.
Choose CST STUDIO SUITE 2012 –
complete technology for 3D EM.
CHANGI NG TH E STAN DARDS
CST of America®, Inc. | To request literature (508) 665 4400 | www.cst.com
High Frequency Products
NEW PRODUCTS
Oscillator
phase noise and low-jitter performance, making the CCHD-950 very
useful in synthetic instrumentation
such as VXI/PXI. Generating no
sub-harmonics, the unit requires an
input supply voltage of 3.3 Vdc consuming 15 mA of current. The oscillator is available in an FR5 9x14
mm SMD package. An extended
temperature operating range of
-40°C to +85°C is also available.
Crystek Corp.’s Ultra-Low Phase
Noise CCHD-950 Series HCMOS
Clock Oscillator features a -168
dBc/Hz noise floor (100 MHz model).
The CCHD-950 generates frequencies between 45 MHz and 130 MHz,
with 50 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz
and 130 MHz offered as standard.
A high-Q crystal and 3rd overtone
technology provide the ultra-low
Applications include high definition
TV, avionics, low phase signal
sources, and test & measurement.
Crystek Corp.
crystek.com
Capacitors
Features:
Advantages:
Applications:
• Capacitance Ranges:
800C: 2.2 pF to 3000 pF
800E: 3.3 pF to 5100 pF
• Proprietary NPO Dielectric for
Superior High Voltage Handling
• Advanced Engineered Silver
Electrode System for Lowest ESR
• Rugged Ceramic Design for
Reliable Trouble-Free Operation
• Improved Image Quality in MRI
Scanners
• Superior Thermal Management in
High RF Power Applications
• Proprietary Dielectric Material
• High Tesla MRI
Imaging Coils
• Case Sizes
Case C (0.250'' x 0.250'')
Case E (0.380'' x 0.380'')
• NPO Low Loss Rugged Dielectric
• Voltage Ratings up to 7200 WVDC
• RoHS Compliant, Pb Free
• HF/RF Power
Amplifiers and
Transmitters
• Plasma Chambers
• Industrial Lasers
Radio tower image
courtesy of
Tom Rauch, W8JI
A M E R I C A N
T E C H N I C A L
C E R A M I C S
ATC Europe
+46 8 6800410
sales@atceramics-europe.com
ATC Asia
+86-755-2396-8759
sales@atceramics-asia.com
w
w
.
a
t
c
e
r
a
m
i
c
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
48 High Frequency Electronics
s
.
Passive Plus
passiveplus.com
• Antenna Tuning
ATC North America
631-622-4700
sales@atceramics.com
w
Passive Plus, Inc. offers a line of
Traditional Hi-Q High Power, Low
ESR/ESL, Low Noise, High SelfResonance ultra-stable performance
capacitors. Usually used for wireless broadcasting equipment, mobile
base stations, GPS portables, MRI
coils, and radar, these capacitors are
100% RoHS and offered in magnetic
and non-magnetic terminations.
Passive Plus now has available the
popular 0505 series with part markings indicating part values. Available
for RF/Microwave applications:
0505 P/C series: Size: .055” x.055”;
WVDC: 150V; Extended WVDC:
300V; TC: 0 +/- 30 PPM/°C.
c
o
m
Couplers
KRYTAR announced two new
90-degree hybrid couplers each delivering 3 dB of coupling over the
broadband frequency range of 1.4
GHz to 18.0 GHz and 1.7 GHz to 18.0
GHz, in single compact packages.
The couplers are designed to perform
many functions, including splitting
and combining signals in amplifiers,
switching circuits, and antenna
beam-forming networks used in a
wide range of commercial and military applications. The Model 3014180
ZVA-213X
super ultra wideband
AMPLIFIERS
+24 dBm output... 0.7 to 21 GHz
Calling these amplifiers “wideband” doesn’t begin to describe them.
Consider that both the ZVA-183X and ZVA-213X amplifiers are
unconditionally stable and deliver typical +24 dBm output power at 1dB
compression, 26 dB gain with +/- 1 dB flatness, noise figure of 3 dB
and IP3 +33 dBm. What’s more, they are so rugged they can even
withstand full reflective output power when the output load is open or
short. In addition to broadband military and commercial applications,
these super wideband amplifiers are ideal as workhorses for a
wide number of narrow band applications in your lab or in a
production environment.
Visit our website for comprehensive performance data and
specifications for our ZVAs or any of our over 10,000 catalog items.
You can even order on-line for next day shipment.
845
$
from
ea.
TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL
FREQ.
(GHz)
GAIN
(dB)
POUT NOISE FIG. PRICE
( dBm)
(dB )
(1-9)
@ 1 dB Comp.
ZVA-183X+ 0.7-18
26
+24
3.0
845.00
ZVA-213X+ 0.8-21
26
+24
3.0
945.00
Note: Alternative heat-sink must be provided to limit maximum base plate temperature.
ZVA-183+
ZVA-213+
0.7-18
0.8-21
26
26
+24
+24
All models IN STOCK!
3.0
3.0
895.00
995.00
RoHS compliant
Mini-Circuits…we’re redefining what VALUE is all about!
®
ISO 9001
®
ISO 14001 AS 9100
P.O. Box 350166, Brooklyn, New York 11235-0003 (718) 934-4500 Fax (718) 332-4661
The Design Engineers Search Engine finds the model you need, Instantly • For detailed performance specs & shopping online see
U.S. Patents
7739260, 7761442
IF/RF MICROWAVE COMPONENTS
440 rev H
High Frequency Products
NEW PRODUCTS
delivers excellent versatility from 1.4
to 18.0 GHz with excellent phase and
amplitude matching. Typical specifications include Amplitude Imbalance:
±1.0 dB; Phase Imbalance is ±10
degrees; Isolation is >12 dB;
Maximum VSWR: 1.70; Insertion
Loss is <2.6 dB.
KRYTAR
krytar.com
gold plated beryllium copper inner
contacts, the 7mm operates over a
DC to 18 GHz frequency range.
Panel mount offers solid probe contact and extended dielectrics and
tab contacts. Cable connectors are
available for .141 and .250 inch
diameter semi-rigid as well as popular high-frequency low-loss flexible cables. Adapters to 2.4mm,
2.9mm, 3.5mm, SMA, SSMA , N
Type and TNC connector types are
all standard and available for
immediate shipment.
coupler; aqueous washable; protected by US Patents 6,140,887 &
6,784,521. Applications: VHF/UHF
receivers/transmitters; cellular.
Mini-Circuits
minicircuits.com
SGMC Microwave
sgmcmicrowave.com
Interconnections Catalog
Terminations
RLC Electronics’ Precision Coaxial
Terminations provide extremely
low VSWR, 50 ohm matched terminations over broad frequency ranges in a wide selection of connectors
and power ranges. The Coaxial
High Power Terminations provide
low VSWR terminations over a full
range of RF frequencies. These
units utilize either a precision coaxial structure as the terminating
element or a lossy dielectric medium. Heat transfer is accomplished
efficiently by the utilization of cooling fins. These units are conservatively rated so that for short periods
of time, they may be operated at
200% of rated power.
RLC Electronics
rlcelectronicsc.com
Connector
The 7mm interface is a hermaphroditic precision coaxial connector
available from SGMC Microwave in
panel mount, cable mount and
between-series adapter configurations. Constructed of polished passivated 303 stainless steel coupling
mechanisms and outer shells with
50 High Frequency Electronics
Samtec, Inc. released its new 2012
Interconnect Solutions Catalog.
This latest edition includes a number of new products, new high
speed test data and updated specifications on existing products, as
well as an
overview
of
Samtec’s
expanding RF
product line.
In addition to
new products
and test data,
the
2012
Interconnect
Solutions
Catalog highlights expanded product features such as lower cost
plating options, new rugged screw
down options for board-to-board
and discrete wire systems, and
latching options for ultrafine pitch
connectors.
Samtec
samtec.com
Directional Coupler
Mini-Circuits’ new 5 – 1000 MHz
DBTC-9-4LX+ directional coupler
features: very flat coupling; very
broadband, multi octave; temperature stable, LTCC base; all welded
construction; leads attached for better solderability; micro miniature
Selection Guide
Hittite Microwave Corp. released its
May 2012 Selection Guide covering
over 1025 products including 21 new
products. New for this publication is
a 60 GHz Tx/Rx Chipset which supports WiGig & IEEE 802.11ad
Multi-Gbps solutions. The guide is
organized by RF & Microwave,
Analog & Mixed Signal, Clocks &
Timing
and
LO
Frequency
Generation IC sections along with
Modules and Instrumentation. The
expanded Product Line section
includes a new Programmable
Harmonic Filter, MMIC 2W Power
Amplifier with on chip Power
Detector,
Dual
Channel
Downconverter, Optical Modulator
Driver, A/D Converter, Clock Divider
& Delay Management and Clock
Generator w/Integer-N PLL.
Hittite Microwave Corp.
hittite.com
Switch
RLC Electronics’ Miniature Coaxial
Switch is a single pole, two position
type. The switch provides extremely
high reliability, long life and excellent electrical performance characteristics over the frequency range of
DC-65 GHz. The miniature package
utilizes high density packaging
Product Showcase
High Frequency Products
NEW PRODUCTS
Fast Pulse Test Solutions from AVTECH
Typical Output Waveform
2 A/div, 40 ns/div
AVR-CD1-B Reverse Recovery Test System
techniques; hence the overall volume of the switch is less than ¾
cubic inch. Impedance: 50 Ohms;
Operating Power 25°C.
RLC Electronics
Rlcelectronics.com
Some of our standard models:
AVR-EB4-B:
AV-156F-B:
AVO-9A-B:
AV-151J-B:
AVOZ-D2-B:
AVR-DV1-B:
+2A / -4A pulser for diode reverse-recovery time tests
+10 Amp constant current pulser for airbag initiator tests
200 mA, 200 ps rise time driver for pulsed laser diode tests
±400 V, 50 kHz function generator for piezoelectric tests
700 V, 70 A pulser for production testing of attenuators
1000 V, variable rise-time pulser for phototriac dV/dt tests
E-mail us at: info@
avtechpulse.com
Pricing, manuals, datasheets: www.avtechpulse.com
AVTECH ELECTROSYSTEMS LTD .
Tel: 888-670-8729 |Fax: 800-561-1970
Power Splitter
Mini-Circuits’
new
model
ZF3RSC-542+ power splitter/combiner features: very wideband, DC
to 5400 MHz; low flatness, 0.38dB
typ.; rugged shielded case; low
cost. Applications: laboratory; test
set-ups.
Mini-Circuits
minicircuits.com
Power Divider
Model DL62030 has been added
to TRM Microwave’s family of
broadband power dividers covering the 20 – 3000 MHz frequency
range. The DL 62030, 6-way is
well suited for radar and
SATCOM applications. Maximum
amplitude balance is ±1.0 dB
while phase balance is 5.0
degrees. Isolation between output ports is 18 dB minimum.
52 High Frequency Electronics
Input / output VSWR is 1.80:1 and
insertion loss is 5 dB max. Model
DL62030 is rated for CW input
power levels to +30 dBm and is supplied in a mechanical package 4.25
x 2.0 x 0.25 in. with standard SMA
connectors. It is designed to operate
from 0° to + 40° C.
TRM Microwave
trmmicrowave.com
SATCOM Antenna
TECOM Industries announced that
the KuStreamR 1000, a Ku-band
SATCOM antenna system recently
completed one million flight hours
aboard commercial aviation aircraft.
“TECOM is extremely pleased to
have reached this remarkable mile-
stone,” said Arsen Melconian,
TECOM president. “Customer
demand for in-flight connectivity,
particularly for higher-speed and
bandwidth-hungry services, continues to grow and drives new rollouts
across several airlines.”
TECOM Industries
tecom-ind.com
Product Showcase
30
Years
HFE’s Product
Showcase
Your ad will stand out when
it’s displayed in our Product
Showcase!
Advanced
Switch
Technology
754 Fortune Cr, Kingston, ON
K7P 2T3, Canada.
613 384 3939
info@astswitch.com
Our line of Waveguide, Coaxial and Dual Switches are the most
reliable in the industry, but don’t just take our word for it. Join
the hundreds of satisfied customers who use our switches every
day.
For more information, or
to place your ad, please
contact:
Joanne Frangides
Tel: 201-666-6698
Fax: 201-666-6698
joanne@highfrequencyelectronics.com
When only the best will do
www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
POWER
SPLITTERS
COMBINERS
!
NOW
from
2 kHz to18 GHz
79
as low as
¢
The Industry’s Largest Selection includes THOUSANDS
of models, from 2 kHz to 18 GHz, at up to 300 watts power, and in
coaxial, flat-pack, and surface-mount housings for 50 and 75 systems.
From 2-way through 48-way designs, with 0°, 90°, or 180°
phase configurations, Mini-Circuits power splitters/combiners offer
outstanding performance for insertion loss, isolation, and VSWR.
Decades of experience with multiple technologies make it all possible, from
core & wire, microstrip, and stripline, to semiconductors and LTCC ceramics.
Get easy-to-find, detailed data and performance curves, S-parameters,
outline drawings, PCB layouts, and everything else you need to make a decision
quickly, at minicircuits.com. Just enter your requirements, and our patented search
engine, Yoni 2, searches actual test data to find the models that meet your needs.
All Mini-Circuits catalog models are in stock,
continuously replenished, and backed by our 1-year guarantee. We even list
current stock quantities and real-time availability, as well as pricing, to
help our customers plan ahead and make quick decisions.
So why wait? Take a look at minicircuits.com today!
RoHS Compliant
o S
Product
availability is listed on our website.
COMPLIANT
Mini-Circuits...we’re redefining what VALUE is all about!
®
ISO 9001
®
ISO 14001 AS 9100
P.O. Box 350166, Brooklyn, New York 11235-0003 (718) 934-4500 Fax (718) 332-4661
The Design Engineers Search Engine finds the model you need, Instantly • For detailed performance specs & shopping online see
U.S. Patents
7739260, 7761442
IF/RF MICROWAVE COMPONENTS
448 rev H
Product Highlights
Switch
Modulator
Skyworks introduced a 0.1 – 2.7 GHz SP4T switch
with integrated logic decoder for GSM quad-band receive
and diversity-antenna applications. The small form factor
(2 x 2 millimeter) SKY13388-465LF is controlled with 1.8
volt logic and is ideal for 3G handsets and data cards. The
switch delivers low-insertion loss, does not require any
DC blocks or external components for operation, and its
high-compression point leads to better linearity, lowerharmonic generation, and less stringent harmonic filtering. In addition, its low-current consumption enables
lower current draw from the battery, and longer operation
between battery charges.
PMI Model PSM-0R5G2R5G-CD-1 is a single sideband modulator that operates over the 500MHz to
2.5GHz frequency range. The input P1dB is +5dBm typical and has an IF Modulation Range of DC to 500MHz.
The IF Modulation Power Range is +7dBm minimum and
+13dBm maximum into 50 ohms. The conversion loss is
13.5dB maximum and this model provides carrier suppression of 23dBc typically. The Quadrature Phase
Accuracy is ±10 degrees maximum with a Quadrature
Amplitude Accuracy of ±2.0dB maximum. This model is
supplied in a package measuring 2.5”L x 2.0”W x 0.5”H.
Skyworks Solutions
skyworksinc.com
Converters
MITEQ’s patented 1/3 rack, 1U high block converters
are available in L-, S-, C-, X-, Ku- and Ka-bands. These
up- and downconverters offer excellent phase noise and
low intermodulation, Gain: 30 dB upconverters / 35 dB
downconverters and 30 dB of gain control. The block converters are available with a host of options and easily
configured to create redundancy systems in 1RU height.
Features: Each unit has its own power supply and controls; Automatic 5/10 MHz internal/external reference
56 High Frequency Electronics
Planar Monolithics Industries
pmi-rf.com
selection with a 0.1 Hz nominal bandwidth clean-up loop;
Gain control; RF and L-band signal monitor ports (RF
monitor not available with Ka-band units); Low phase
noise; Low intermodulation distortion; High frequency
stability; Mute function on alarm or external mute input
command; LO frequency and power monitor.
Miteq
miteq.com
C.W. Swift & Associates is proud to feature
SGMC Microwave Precision Coaxial
Connectors and Adapters
BULKHEAD & PANEL
ADAPTERS
BETWEEN SERIES
ADAPTERS
EDGE LAUNCH
CONNECTORS
CABLE CONNECTORS
IN SERIES ADAPTERS
CUSTOM DESIGNS
ADAPTERS · CABLE CONNECTORS · RECEPTACLES · CUSTOM DESIGNS
Including These Connector Series
1.85mm
2.4mm
DC-65 GHz
DC-50 GHz
2.92mm
3.5mm
DC-40 GHz
DC-34 GHz
7mm
SSMA
DC-18 GHz
DC-40 GHz
C.W. Swift & Associates stocks RF, Microwave and Millimeter wave adapters, connectors,
components and tooling from SGMC Microwave and other fine manufacturers.
C.W. SWIFT & Associates, Inc.
15216 Burbank Blvd.
Van Nuys, CA 91411
Tel: 800-642-7692 or 818-989-1133
Fax: 818-989-4784
sales@cwswift.com
www.cwswift.com
HFeLink 101
Product Highlights
Driver
The MADR-010410 is an efficient CMOS driver and ideal for logic control
of GaAs based T/R modules as well as a 6-Bit S/P driver for attenuators or
phase shifters. High speed analog CMOS technology is utilized to achieve low
power consumption at moderate to high speeds.The MADR-010410 boasts low
power dissipation and translates CMOS/LVCMOS input controls to negative
gate control voltages for GaAs FETs. Packaged in a 5mm 40-Lead PQFN, the
CMOS driver allows a high output voltage of -0.1V and a low output voltage of
0.1V. The quiescent supply current stands at 0.1µA.
M/A-COM Technology Solutions
macomtech.com
Diode Controller
Linear Technology introduced the LTC4359 high voltage ideal diode controller that offers a simple, low loss replacement to Schottky diodes, along with
key features targeted for automotive, avionics as well as solar applications.
The LTC4359 operates over a wide 4V to 80V supply range and withstands
input voltages between -40V to 100V without damage. Operating current is a
low 150µA, and a shutdown control input enables the LTC4359 to be in a low
current shutdown mode, drawing just 13µA. In addition, the LTC4359 is guaranteed for operation across the -40°C to 125°C ambient temperature range.
Linear Technology
linear.com
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
58 High Frequency Electronics
“If what you want is
RF Power, high performance,
reliability, and customization,
then we are a No Brainer”
2012
EDITORIAL CALENDAR
July
n High Power
n Cables and Connectors
n Sensors
Products: Telecom, Filters, EMC Products
Bonus Distribution: IEEE EMC Symposium, Aug 5-9
August
n High Speed Digital
n VCOs & Synthesizers
n Wireless ICs
Products: Switches, Synthesizers, EDA, Power Amps
Bonus Distribution: AOC International, Sept 23-26
September
n G
overnment and Military Electronics
n S
imulation and Layout Software
n COTS Components
Products: Modules, ICs, Filters
Bonus Distribution: EuMW Week, Oct 29-Nov 2 MILCOM,
Oct 29-Nov 1
When you need
RF power amplifiers,
you shouldn’t have to settle for whatever’s
on the shelf.
You should have the power, frequency,
and all the features you want in exactly the
size you need.
Chances are, we have what you’re
looking for. If not, we can customize quickly
and affordably.
AR Modular RF provides the power
for military tactical radios, wireless
communication systems, homeland defense
systems, high-tech medical equipment,
sonar systems, and more.
Challenge us to deliver the power you
need. And the features you want.
To learn more, visit us at www.arworld.us
or call us at 425-485-9000.
modular rf
Other ar divisions: rf/microwave instrumentation • receiver systems • ar europe
Copyright© 2012 AR. The orange stripe on AR products is Reg. U.S. Pat. & TM. Off.
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
October
n Aerospace
n Cables and Connectors
n ICs & Devices
Products: Design Software, Space Products, Amplifiers
November
n M
icrowave and Power Modules
n MM-Wave
n Signal Generation
Products: MM-Wave, Passives, Test and Measurement
Bonus Distribution: Asia Pacific Microwave
Conference, Dec 4-7
December
n Communications
n Mixers and Amps
n S
ubsystems and Systems – Power
Products: RFICs & MMICs, Signal Generation, Software
Bonus Distribution: Radio Wireless Week, Jan 15-18
Press Releases
Press releases for our informational columns should be sent
by the first of the month prior to the desired publication date
(e.g., May 1 for the June issue). Late-breaking news can be
accommodated, but please advise the editors of urgent items
by telephone or e-mail.
tim@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Article Contributions
We encourage the submission of technical articles, application notes and other editorial contributions. These may be
on the topics noted above, or any other subject of current
interest. Contact us with article ideas:
tim@highfrequencyelectronics.com
June 2012
59
Product Highlights
Experience EM
Simulation That’s
Faster, Smarter,
More Efficient.
Experience the Newly
Enhanced XF7.
Join us at IMS, booth
#2430, to see the latest
advancements in XF7.
Remcomʼs XF7 is continually
evolving. Important functionality
is built into each new release in
direct response to our
customersʼ needs.
New features for 2012 include:
Waveguide ports
Transceivers
Analog Devices introduced a series of multipoint, low-voltage, differential
signaling (M-LVDS) transceivers with the highest ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection of any multipoint LVDS transceivers. The ADN469xE
M-LVDS series includes eight transceivers, each of which is capable of connecting 32 data/clock nodes using a single differential cable pair at data rates
of 100 Mbps or 200 Mbps. Traditional LVDS communication links, by comparison, must use 32 separate point-to-point nodes, which significantly
increases power, connector size, cabling costs and total board space. The
M-LVDS series delivers 8 kV IEC ESD protection, offering up to 11 times the
protection of competing transceivers. This higher level of protection improves
the reliability of insertable/removable boards and cards used in wireless base
station and networking infrastructure applications.
Analog Devices
analog.com
Stretch, twist, bend, and wrap
geometry
ODB++ PCB import within
CAD Merge
TDR and TDT output types
And more …
Visit
www.remcom.com/xf7
to learn more.
Oscilloscopes
Electromagnetic Simulation Solutions
+1.888.7.REMCOM (US/CAN)
+1.814.861.1299
www.remcom.com
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
60 High Frequency Electronics
Agilent Technologies introduced the 1000B Series oscilloscopes. The four
new two-channel models, with bandwidths from 50 MHz to 150 MHz, offer
powerful capabilities at an attractive price for engineers, technicians and
educators. Features include: Powerful signal capture and display. All models
in the 1000B Series are equipped with a sharp color LCD display that is easy
to read even from wide angles. With up to 16 kpts of memory per channel, the
1000B Series provides up to six times more memory than other scopes in its
class. In addition, its 1-GS/s sample rate provides excellent signal detail.
Advanced measurement capability: All 1000B Series oscilloscopes can display
23 automatic measurements, including those made with a built-in frequency
counter.
Agilent Technologies
agilent.com
www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
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· Subscriber services — subscriptions & renewals
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tutorials, editorials
· Advertiser information and ad material specifications
· HFeLink™ quick access to industry web sites
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Special Services
Use our expertise in print and electronic media
· Article reprints, catalogs, brochures
· Mail list rental
· Trade show promotions & literature distribution
· Newsletter and promotional e-mails
· Other needs? Just ask!
ADVERTISING SALES — EAST COAST
Gary Rhodes
ADVERTISING SALES — CENTRAL
Keith Neighbour
Tel: 631-274-9530, Fax: 631-667-2871
grhodes@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Tel: 773-275-4020, Fax: 773-275-3438
keith@highfrequencyelectronics.com
ADVERTISING SALES — WEST
PUBLISHER — OTHER REGIONS & INTERNATIONAL
Tim Burkhard
Tel: 707-544-9977, Fax: 707-544-9375
tim@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Scott Spencer
Tel: 603-472-8261, Fax: 603-471-0716
scott@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Product Highlights
ADC
Connector Website
Texas Instruments introduced a successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
with a downloadable TINA-TI™ SPICE model, enabling
system designers to simulate and characterize the full
analog signal chain in software for the first time. The
model is available for the new 12-bit, 1-MSPS, 8-channel
ADS8028, a highly-integrated SAR ADC featuring a lowdrift internal voltage reference, wide external analog voltage reference range, wide analog and digital supply
ranges, and an internal temperature sensor.
SGMC Microwave’s revamped website, sgmcmicrowave.com, features the company’s latest products, distributors, certifications, customer surveys, info request,
and RFQ submittals. Visit the Products section to see the
latest offerings and to subscribe to the RSS News Feeds
to receive product updates. Customer Surveys: the company offers a new online survey and welcomes reader
feedback. RFQ Submittal: Visit the products section and
select a series of interest.
Texas Instruments
ti.com
Reed Sensors
MEDER electronic offers a complete line of liquid level
reed sensors, ideal for use in laboratory fluid systems,
automotive fluid sensing, aerospace and marine fuel level
sensors, as well as a myriad of industrial uses, electrical
equipment, and home appliances. The company recently
launched a product training module on Digikey.com to
help users make the best use of liquid level sensors. As
the training module explains, MEDER electronic’s liquid
62 High Frequency Electronics
SGMC Microwave
sgmcmicrowave.com
reed sensors draw zero voltage and current, using no
power until they are energized. With the ability to sit for
years without drawing any power, reed sensors are being
designed into hundreds of applications where power is
scarce. They are ideal for many battery-driven applications coming on the market.
MEDER electronic
meder.com
Product Highlights
Power Sensor/Meter
Phase Noise Analyzer
The LB579A is a 10 MHz to 18 GHz true rms average
power sensor/meter capable of measuring the true average
power of CW, pulse and other modulated signals. It features a VSWR of 1.20:1 and operates over a -55 dBm to +20
dBm power range. It is intended to be a higher performance, lower cost, compact replacement for traditional
average power meters. LadyBug’s patented No-Zero,
No-CalTM power sensors require no zeroing or calibration;
no temperature measurements; no programming; no need
to disconnect sensor from measurement port; and are
1000x faster and 20% lower priced than the competition.
Noise XT presents the NXA-26, an easy to use 26.5
GHz Phase Noise Analyzer. The NXA-26 is a fully automated Phase Noise analyzer with built-in frequency references. Its dual channel architecture allows cross-correlation processing delivering extremely low noise floor. An
intuitive graphical user interface based on a large 14 inch
touchscreen simplifies operation, focusing the user on the
measurement results itself rather than on the measurement technique.
Noise XT
noisext.com
LadyBug Technologies
ladybug-tech.com
DVGAs
TriQuint’s high performance, digital variable gain
amplifiers (DVGAs) can reduce bills of materials (BOMs)
while providing automatic gain control for 3G / 4G base
stations, repeaters and similar applications. The DVGAs
include the TQM829007 (600 to 1000 MHz) and the
TQM879008 (1.5 to 2.7 GHz). These product solutions
combine all required components in leadless 6x6mm,
industry-standard packages. The modules include gain
blocks, a highly-linear amplifier, matching components,
bias chokes, blocking capacitors, and a digitally-controlled, 6-bit attenuator that varies gain through an SPI
in 0.5dB steps from 0 to 31.5dB.
TriQuint Semiconductor
triquint.com
June 2012
63
Advertiser Index
Company........................................................................... Page
Advanced Switch Technology........................................................... 53
Aethercomm........................................................................................ 35
Anaren................................................................................................... 31
American Technical Ceramics........................................................... 48
Applied Computational Sciences..................................................... 22
AR Modular RF...................................................................................... 59
Avtech................................................................................................... 52
AWR Corp.............................................................................................. 17
Cernex................................................................................................... 58
Coilcraft................................................................................................. 11
CST America......................................................................................... 47
C.W. Swift & Associates....................................................................... C2
C.W. Swift/SGMC Microwave.............................................................. 57
Delta Electronics.................................................................................. 51
Dudley Lab........................................................................................... 53
Emerson Network Power................................................................ Insert
Emerson Network Power.................................................................... C4
Emerson Network Power..................................................................... 23
Emerson & Cuming.............................................................................. 38
EUMW 2012........................................................................................... 41
J Microtechnology............................................................................... 16
Linear Technology................................................................................ 13
Linear Technology................................................................................ 15
Megaphase.......................................................................................... 18
Micro Lambda Wireless......................................................................... 9
Microwave Components.................................................................... 33
Mini-Circuits......................................................................................... 2, 3
Mini-Circuits........................................................................................... 25
Mini-Circuits........................................................................................... 37
Mini-Circuits........................................................................................... 45
Mini-Circuits........................................................................................... 49
Mini-Circuits..................................................................................... 54, 55
Miteq....................................................................................................... 1
Molex.................................................................................................... C3
National Instruments.............................................................................. 5
Planar Monolithics Industries............................................................... 29
Precision Connector............................................................................ 27
Relcomm............................................................................................... 39
Remcom............................................................................................... 60
RF Bay.................................................................................................... 53
RFHIC..................................................................................................... 19
RLC Electronics..................................................................................... 43
Satellink................................................................................................. 53
Sector Microwave................................................................................ 53
SGMC Microwave................................................................................ 21
Teledyne Microwave Solutions............................................................. 7
Temwell.................................................................................................. 46
VidaRF................................................................................................... 20
Wenteq Microwave............................................................................. 53
Wilmanco.............................................................................................. 52
The ad index is provided as an additional service by the publisher,
who assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions.
n Find Our Advertisers’ Web Sites
using
HFeLink™
1. G
o to our company information Web site:
www.HFeLink.com, or
2. F rom www.highfrequencyelectronics.com, click on the HFeLink
reminder on the home page
3. C
ompanies in our current issue are listed, or you can choose
one of our recent issues
4. F ind the company you want ... and just click!
5. Or ... view our Online Edition and simply click on any ad!
Publisher
Scott Spencer
Tel: 603-472-8261
Fax: 603-471-0716
scott@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Advertising Sales — East
Gary Rhodes
Vice President, Sales
Tel: 631-274-9530
Fax: 631-667-2871
grhodes@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Advertising Sales — west
Tim Burkhard
Associate Publisher
Tel: 707-544-9977
Fax: 707-544-9375
tim@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Advertising Sales — central
Keith Neighbour
Tel: 773-275-4020
Fax: 773-275-3438
keith@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Product Showcase
Joanne Frangides
Tel: 201-666-6698
Fax: 201-666-6698
joanne@highfrequencyelectronics.com
U.K and Europe
Sam Baird
Tel: +44 1883 715 697
Fax: +44 1883 715 697
sam@highfrequencyelectronics.com
U.K and Europe
Zena Coupé
Tel: +44 1923 852 537
Fax: +44 1923 852 261
zena@highfrequencyelectronics.com
High Frequency Electronics (USPS 024-316) is published monthly by Summit Technical Media, LLC, 3 Hawk Dr., Bedford, NH 03110.
Vol. 11 No. 6 June 2012. Periodicals Postage Paid at Manchester, NH and at additional mailing offices.
POSTMASTER: Send address corrections to High Frequency Electronics, PO Box 10621, Bedford, NH 03110-0621.
Subscriptions are free to qualified technical and management personnel involved in the design, manufacture and distribution of electronic equipment and systems at high frequencies. Copyright © 2012, Summit Technical Media, LLC
64 High Frequency Electronics
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