10-14 September 2014
Istanbul | Turkey
10-14 September 2014
Istanbul | Turkey
ARCHAEOLOGY & ART PUBLICATIONS
General Editor
Nezih BAŞGELEN
20th Annual Meeting of the
European Association of Archaeologists
10-14 September 2014 Istanbul - Turkey
SPECIAL EXHIBITS AND EVENTS
Editorial Director
Deniz MAZLUM
Editors
Zeynep ERES
Bilge AR
Cover Design
Demir Tasarım, Didem URALER
Organising Committee
of the Taşkışla Special Exhibits
Ceren BİLGE
Zeynep ERES
Zeren ÖNSEL ATALA
Işıl POLAT PEKMEZCİ
ISBN: 978-605-396-288-5
Printing
Pasifik Ofset, Cihangir Mah. Güvercin Cad. No: 3/1
Baha İş Merkezi A Blok Haramidere, Avcılar / İstanbul
Sertifika No: 12027 - İstanbul 2014
©2014 Archaeology & Art Publications Tur. San. ve Tic. Ltd Şti.
Hayriye Cad. Cezayir Sok. No: 5/2 Beyoğlu-İstanbul
www.arkeolojisanat.com / info@arkeolojisanat.com
Sertifika No: 10459
Bandrol Uygulamasına İlişkin Usül ve Esaslar Hakkındaki Yönetmeliğin
5. Maddesi’nin ikinci fıkrası çerçevesinde bandrol taşıması zorunlu değildir.
CONTENTS
Preface..................................................................................................................... 5
Taşkışla Special Exhibits
1. Turkey on UNESCO World Heritage List...............................................................8
2. Bergama (Pergamon) Urban Cultural Heritage Exhibition.................................10
3. Conservation of Cultural Heritage and Presentation of Archaeological
Sites: A Selection from ITU Restoration Programme Projects..........................12
4. Yıldız Technical University Survey and Restoration Post-Graduate
Programme Exhibition of Student Works.........................................................14
5. Historical Musical Culture of Turkey
(Exhibition of Photography and Reconstructed Instruments)..........................16
6. Çatalhöyük.........................................................................................................18
7. Ephesos 2013 – Activities and Results..............................................................20
8. Archaeological Rescue Excavations:
The Ilısu Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant Projects....................................22
9. Medieval Ports from the Aegean to the Black Sea...........................................24
10. Traces of the Past and Istanbul: Marmaray – Metro Projects,
Yenikapı, Sirkeci and Üsküdar Rescue Excavations..........................................26
11. Bulgarian Archaeology: Past and Present........................................................30
12. Bulgaria – Underwater Archaeology in the Black Sea......................................32
13. 20th Anniversary of the European Association of Archaeologists:
The Material Culture........................................................................................35
Taşkışla Poster Exhibits
1. The Use of Ancient mtDNA to Infer Early Domestication History
of Sheep in Anatolia..........................................................................................36
2. Experimental Archaeology and Science Centre in Turkey
A Presentation and Popularization of Science: Early Bronze Metallurgy..........37
3. A New Excavation at Kizzuwatna: Tatarlı Höyük (Adana/Turkey).....................38
4. Seyitömer Mound Excavations.......................................................................... 39
Side Activities
Exhibitions - Conferences
From a Dusty Dig to the Dusty Shelves – The Development of the
Archaeological Literature in Turkey.......................................................................41
Mendel – Sébah, Documenting the Imperial Museum..........................................42
The Forgotten Kingdom. Archaeology and Photography at Ancient Alalakh........43
Opening Lectures:
The Woolley and Yener Excavations at Alalakh: Re-examining and
Re-imaging the Past, by K. Aslıhan Yener.........................................................44
Selected Objects from Alalakh in the Collections of the British
Museum in London, and the Ashmolean Museum of Art and
Archaeology in Oxford, by Dominique Collon.................................................... 45
Old Ships of Yenikapı, Lecture by Ufuk Kocabaş....................................................46
WITH THE KIND SUPPORT OF
4
PREFACE
This booklet is aiming to introduce various exhibitions and events about
archaeology and cultural heritage held during the 20th Annual Meeting of the
European Association of Archaeologists. Thirteen exhibitions organized at the
main venue Taşkışla (TKB) constitute the backbone of this work. These exhibitions, realized with the generous contribution of institutions both from Turkey
and abroad, aim to enrich the EAA Meeting and turn it into a special celebration.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey is represented with three different exhibitions of its sub institutions and Bulgarian museums also hold two
exhibitions. These exhibitions present a rich selection of the cultural heritage of
both countries. Exhibition of Ancient Ephesus, that is being excavated for many
years, prepared by Austrian Archaeological Institute; exhibition of Neolithic
Çatalhöyük settlement which has been inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage
List in 2012 and Middle Age Harbors exhibition are emphasizing the importance
of Anatolia within cultural history. In Taşkışla there are also exhibitions of the
student works of the last ten years from three educational institutions within
universities of Istanbul that give education on the conservation of architectural
heritage for many years. These exhibitions show the awareness of architectural education institutions towards archaeological heritage. In a completely
different field; in the field of music an exhibition of music culture is organized
by compiling material from archaeological and historical surveys on Anatolian
lands. This exhibition is providing a different dimension to the field of archaeology and conservation.
The booklet also contains information on exhibitions and conferences, held
by various institutions in Istanbul in connection with EAA meeting. The “The
Forgotten Kingdom: Archaeology and Photography at Ancient Alalakh” exhibition and conferences of the Koç University Research Center for Anatolian
Civilizations; “From a Dusty Dig to the Dusty Shelves. The Development of
the Archaeological Literature in Turkey” exhibition of German Archaeological
Institute – Istanbul; “Mendel – Sébah, Documenting the Imperial Museum”
exhibition of Istanbul Archaeological Museums and the conference of Ufuk
Kocabaş on shipwrecks, one of the important subjects of archaeological agenda
of Istanbul, are ready to welcome all participants.
We sincerely hope that EAA 2014 Istanbul Meeting will be remembered as a
pleasant and joyful event, besides being a rich scientific congress.
Organising Committee of the
Taşkışla Special Exhibits
5
TAŞKIŞLA
(TKB First Floor)
Special Exhibits
Poster Exhibits
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 1
Turkey on UNESCO World Heritage List
Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey
To affirm the values accepted as the common heritage of all humanity, and
to promote and transfer them to future generations, UNESCO adopted “The
Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural
Heritage” at its 17th General Conference held in Paris in 1972. Turkey ratified
the Convention on 16 March 1983.
Turkey has 13 properties inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List:
Historic Areas of Istanbul (1985)
Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia (1985)
Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği (1985)
Hattusha: The Hittite Capital (1986)
Nemrut Dağ (1987)
Xanthos-Letoon (1988)
Hierapolis-Pamukkale (1988)
City of Safranbolu (1994)
Archaeological Site of Troy (1998)
Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex (2011)
Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük (2012)
Bursa and Cumalıkızık: The Birth of the Ottoman Empire (2014)
Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape (2014)
In addition, Turkey has 52 sites on UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List.
Hagia
Sophia
8
Neolithic Site of
Çatalhöyük
Hattusha: The
Hittite Capital
Nemrut Dağ
9
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 2
Bergama (Pergamon) Urban Cultural Heritage Exhibition
Within the Context of Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape and Urban
Archaeology
Restoration- Evaluation of Historic Urban Sites Master’s Programme, Mimar
Sinan Fine Arts University and Mimar Sinan Research and Practice Centre
The city of Bergama is a multi-layered cultural landscape containing the heritage
of Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Karasi Principality, Ottoman and Republican
periods, through which the physical and cultural structure along with its
topographical fabric have been formed in accordance with the archaeological
heritage intertwined urban heritage that constitutes the built environment.
The cultural landscape that consists of ancient buildings which stand side by
side with works of Ottoman and Republican periods offers the tangible and
intangible values that form the identity of Bergama within the context of
authenticity and integrity. Bergama epitomizes a city of integrity and continuity
where archaeological heritage intertwined urban heritage within a physical
and semantic context. Numerous monumental and traditional civil buildings,
located on the ruins of ancient heritage where ancient building materials were
also reused, exist in the unique urban fabric where all instances of pre-industrial
traditional residential development can be observed.
This exhibition presents student works of Restoration- Evaluation of Historic
Urban Sites Master’s Programme at the Department of Restoration, Mimar
Sinan Fine Arts University during 2013-2014 academic year in collaboration with
Mimar Sinan Research and Practice Centre and contains architectural survey
and restoration projects along with documentation and analysis of the area.
Ancient
Pergamon
and the town
10
Historic
urban fabric
of Bergama
Traditional
house with
re-used
antique
elements
Virankapı and
the historic
urban fabric
11
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 3
Conservation of Cultural Heritage and Presentation of Archaeological
Sites: A Selection from Istanbul Technical University Restoration
Programme Projects
Restoration Programme, Istanbul Technical University
Curators: K.K. Eyüpgiller, C. Bilge, Z. İnan, Z. Önsel Atala
ITU Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology Restoration
Graduate Programme aims to train professionals, to develop skills to inspect,
document and assess the condition of historic buildings or sites, to develop
proposals for their conservation by providing information about historic cities,
structures, modern conservation theory and technology. For this purpose,
Turkey’s rich cultural heritage is documented at the interface of architecture,
urban planning, archaeology, art history and structural engineering.
The exhibition prepared for the 2014 Meeting of the European Association of
Archaeologists consists of selected graduate and professional works realized
in archaeological and urban historic sites. Selected works reflect the variety of
academic studies held in the Restoration Programme. Some of them seek to
create and develop a public consciousness and have been awarded by societies
specialized in conservation and management of historic sites.
Mor Jacob Monastery
Hagia Thekla Basilica
12
Karaman Binbir Church
Kurtuluş Street, Antakya
Marmara Ereğlisi Bishop’s House
Damatrys Palace
13
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 4
Yıldız Technical University Survey and Restoration Post-Graduate
Programme Exhibition of Student Works
Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Architecture
Department of Architecture, Restoration Chair
Academic staff of Restoration Chair in Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of
Architecture aims to contribute at national and international levels to the
field of preservation by conducting scientific research and publications at
conceptual and practical levels about all aspects of the physical environment
that should be preserved, primarily Historic Sites and Architectural Heritage,
as well as by carrying out their experience at all levels of university education.
Academic staff in Restoration Chair either leads or contributes to projects
like TUBITAK (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) and
similar research projects, as well as social responsibility projects related to
historical buildings and sites in different regions of Turkey. Field studies are
conducted within the scope of such projects and these studies are integrated
with undergraduate and post-graduate education. In this context, Restoration
Chair tries to fulfil its mission by making contributions to scientific researches
and actively participating in the field of preservation education ranging from
undergraduate to PhD levels.
“Survey and Restoration” Graduate and PhD Programme, established within
this context in 1973 by the Chair of History of Architecture and Restoration,
is performed by the academic staff in Restoration Chair under the Institute of
Science. In this exhibition, examples of student works from different regions of
Turkey, which are realized within the Post-Graduate Programme, are presented.
14
15
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 5
Historical Musical Culture of Turkey
(Exhibition of Photography and Reconstructed Instruments)
Centre for Advanced Studies in Music
Istanbul Technical University
In the depths of history, when the World was peaceful and silent, simple yet
beautiful tunes filtered their way into the Anatolian atmosphere. Thousands
of years ago, while the Earth was experiencing the Palaeolithic Age, the first
human settlements were established in Anatolia to initiate a primitive form of
rural life and allow the mankind adopt a new life style which meant a transition
from a hunting and gathering society to a social order based on agricultural and
animal husbandry.
This exhibition summarizes the values embedded in the musical culture of
Anatolia starting with ancient time and, noting that, despite the views by some
scholars who mention Anatolia as the land where musical arts were born, “World
History of Music” makes no reference to the Anatolian musical culture. In the
exhibition there are around 30 examples from the findings in archaeological
excavations dating back to a stage starting with the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Ages
(10000 – 3000 BC); Early Bronze Age (3000 – 2000 BC); Assyrian Trade ColoniesHittite Period (2000 – 1190 BC); The Iron Age and the Roman Period (1190 BC
– 395 AD). Moreover the exhibition contains reconstructed Hittite instruments
which were made for Hattusha project formed as a part of the “Kaleidoscope
Europe” Project, a European Union Project. With this project eleven instruments
that make up the inventory of the Hittite music culture, which were identified
by very many documents, have been brought back to life after 3700 years for
the first time in the world.
16
Photographs: Oğuz Elbaş Archive
Reconstruction of the instruments:
Tunç Buyruklar, Şafak Köksal, İbrahim Coşkun, Özay Önal, Feridun Obul
17
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 6
Çatalhöyük
Yapı Kredi Cultural Activities, Arts and Publishing Inc.
Curator: Şennur Şentürk
Scientific advisory: Çatalhöyük Excavation Director Ian Hodder
Preparation of the exhibition material and texts has been done by Çatalhöyük
excavation exhibition team, Sara Perry and excavation team members from
United Kingdom York University Department of Archaeology.
Çatalhöyük discovered by James Mellaart at the end of 1950s, has been
excavated again by Mellaart for 4 seasons during 1961 to 1965. Today
excavations are being held by an international team under the direction of Ian
Hodder from Cambridge University since 1993. As a result of the excavations art
works giving information on daily and religious life, architectural remains and
several magnificent mural paintings that shed light on history of culture have
been found and Çatalhöyük appeared as one of the oldest Neolithic settlements
of the World. In accordance with these features Çatalhöyük had been proposed
to UNESCO World Heritage List in 2009 and was added to World Heritage List
in 2012 (by UNESCO). Since 1997, Çatalhöyük excavations, being held with the
main sponsorship of Yapı Kredi, archaeologists, anthropologists, architects,
restorers, art historians and botanists from all around the world run researches
in many different disciplines.
In the exhibition, Çatalhöyük is examined in three different axes:
First axis;
history of Çatalhöyük is examined with 9000 BC architecture and human life
Second axis;
first arrival of James Mellart,
his discovery of Çatalhöyük
houses and mural paintings
during 1958-1960s, history
of Çatalhöyük excavations
and discoveries until today
Third axis;
Çatalhöyük today;
interaction with its history,
education, peasants’ and
urban settlers’ sociological
interaction
that
live
within the geography of
Çatalhöyük.
18
19
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 7
Ephesos 2013 – Activities and Results
Austrian Archaeological Institute
Curator: Sabine Ladstätter
During the 2013 campaign, a number of projects were accomplished, ranging
from excavations, non-destructive prospection, surveys and architectural
studies, to restoration activity and geo-archaeological projects. Almost 150
colleagues from highly diverse areas of the humanities and natural sciences,
and coming from 17 different countries, contributed to the joint success of the
Ephesos excavation.
The emphasis of the excavation work lay, on the one hand, on the investigation
of the prehistoric settlement phase of Ephesos, while on the other hand
research also concentrated on the Late Antique and Medieval periods of
the city. The results of these activities not only charted a new image for the
history of the city, but are also of supraregional significance. In addition to
an archaeological survey in the hinterland, a variety of geo-archaeological
explorations were undertaken. Taken together, these findings essentially
expand our understanding of the functioning of the city itself, while in addition
they provide insights into the processes which altered the entire landscape,
thereby having an impact on the daily life of the inhabitants.
Comprehensive and sustainable restoration and conservation activity represents
a central element of the work of the Austrian Archaeological Institute at
Ephesos. By means of a wide variety of projects, an attempt is made to conserve
structures and artefacts using the most modern methods in accordance
with the preservation of cultural heritage, and to incorporate the scientific
knowledge gained from these projects into future undertakings. All of these
projects, however, would not be feasible if sponsors were not convinced of the
importance of the entire concept and if they did not support it.
Wall painting
consolidation in
Terrace House 2
20
Late Antique residence in the halls of Verulanus
Çukuriçi Höyük
21
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 8
Archaeological Rescue Excavations:
The Ilısu Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant Projects
Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey
General Directorate of Cultural Assets and Museums
Since 1960’s the dam projects in southeast Anatolia have supported the social
and economic development, and also contributed to archaeological knowledge
of the region. During the rescue excavations, archaeological teams that include
specialists in ethnography, geomorphology, architecture etc., have done
excavations and surveys, which have helped to understand the history of the
region, in order to save the cultural heritage. The current dam project of Ilısu
and the hydroelectric power plant are the latest phases of the construction
development in the region. These projects have also supported archaeological
excavations and researches that help to understand the Tigris Basin’s past.
The Tigris Basin, which includes Diyarbakır, Mardin, Siirt, Batman and Şırnak,
had not been researched well; hence, the past of the region was not known
elaborately. However, current researches in the Basin have provided evidences
that shed light onto the past of the region from Pre Pottery Neolithic to today.
Çattepe, ramparts
22
Hasankeyf
Körtiktepe
23
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 9
Medieval Ports from the Aegean to the Black Sea
Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, Division of Conservation of Marine
Archaeological Objects
This photographic exhibition is originally included in the activities of a EU funded
project which entitled “OLKAS: ‘From the Aegean to the Black Sea’ – Medieval
Ports in the Maritime Routes of the East” The OLKAS project has been realized
in scope of “Black Sea Basin Joint Operational Programme” by the collaboration
of several institutions from Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Georgia and
Turkey. The project basically aims to record and promote the cultural heritage
preserved in the medieval city ports on the modern cultural route between
Aegean, Black Sea and Caspian Sea, thereby increase the economic effect of
sustainable cultural tourism in the region. (for detailed information about the
OLKAS Project, please visit: www.olkas.net)
The exhibition presents gravures, postcards, photos and maps from 45 ports
in the northern Aegean, Istanbul, the Black Sea (Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine,
Crimea, Georgia) and Caspian Sea (Azerbaijan) collected by the project partners.
Sailing from port to port the history and the present meet and visitors travel
visually, become aware of the historical background of the region and get
inspired for their own real journey at the mythical area of the Black Sea.
24
25
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 10
Traces of the Past and Istanbul:
Marmaray – Metro Projects, Yenikapı, Sirkeci and Üsküdar
Rescue Excavations
Istanbul Archaeological Museums
In 2004 Istanbul Archaeological Museums had started rescue excavations at
stations of Yenikapı, Sirkeci and Üsküdar that remain within archaeological
and urban protection zones; areas which came to light in accordance with
the constructions of one of the most important transportation projects of the
city: Marmaray-Metro. Excavations were held simultaneously at all three sites
and they constituted the first archaeological excavations of harbour areas
in Istanbul’s history. Especially when archaeological excavations began at
Yenikapı, Byzantine harbour area, situated at the mouth of Lykos (Bayrampaşa)
Creek that extends inland into the city, it was a mystery what information the
ancient harbour would provide us. In the excavation area occupying a total
sum of 58.000 m2, firstly Ottoman traces were observed, then only 1 m below
sea level, one of the largest known harbours of the ancient world and the
most important harbour of Constantinople; Theodosius Harbour was reached.
During the excavations that
lasted
approximately
around ten years, besides
innumerable small finds
that give hints for city life,
architectural artefacts, and
wood and rope pieces in
2005 an unexpected find; a
shipwreck was reached. As
survey area got expanded 37
ships dating between 5th to
11th centuries were brought
to light. Among the finds
there existed commercial
vessels of different scales
and quinqueremes from
Mid and Late Byzantine era
that are seen for the first
time, all very well preserved.
Yenikapı
shipwrecks
constitute the biggest vessel
collection ever acquired
until today.
Absidal building; rescue excavations at Üsküdar
26
Remains of a church; rescue excavations at Yenikapı
Shipwrecks; rescue excavations at Yenikapı
27
There was another surprise waiting for the archaeologists 6.5 m below sea
level: here the traces of the oldest settlers of Istanbul met the sun light.
This Neolithic settlement dating 8000 years earlier is changing the existing
historiography of Istanbul. A few meters below it housed the traces of the first
Istanbul inhabitants that lived thousands of years ago.
Excavations held for ten years continuously provided much new information
concerning the city come to light. Under Marmaray-Metro projects, an
exhibition of the photographs from Yenikapı, Sirkeci and Üsküdar rescue
excavations, will provide a cross section from the first inhabitants of the city
to today’s users and a multi-dimensional vision to the architecture, commerce,
marine, daily life and ships of Constantinople.
Neolithic burials; rescue excavations at Yenikapı
A Neolithic cremation burial
28
Rescue excavations at Yenikapı, general view
Soil profiles; rescue excavations at Yenikapı
Neolithic footprints; rescue excavations at Yenikapı
29
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 11
Bulgarian Archaeology: Past and Present
National Institute of Archaeology with Museum
Curator: Kamen Boyadzhiev
The exhibition presents the main aspects in development of archaeology in
Bulgaria and its current state. The topics regarded include brief history of the
archaeological researches in Bulgaria since the end of the XIX century, the main
institutions for archaeological studies (National Institute of Archaeology with
Museum, archaeological and historical museums, universities), the legislative
frames in which they work, the development and current state of the
“Archaeological map of Bulgaria” project, regular and rescue excavations
(especially regarding large infrastructural projects), international archaeological
projects in Bulgaria, the presentation of the results of archaeological researches
on scientific forums and their popularization in museum exhibitions, educational
programs, media sources, etc. Special attention is paid on the most important
and interesting discoveries, including famous sites since the earliest humans
in the Balkans (Lower Palaeolithic) till the Middle Ages capitals of Bulgaria.
The posters are illustrated with a number of pictures, maps and statistical
information presenting the development of Bulgarian archaeology in the last
10 years.
Roman villa near Skobelevo village
30
Grave 43 from the Varna Chalcolithic cemetery
Bronze portrait head of the Thracian king
Seuthes III found in his tumulus near the
town of Kazanlak
Tell Provadiya-Solnitsata and its stone fortification from the Chalcolithic.
31
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 12
Bulgaria – Underwater Archaeology in the Black Sea
Centre for Underwater Archaeology
The exhibition aims to share information about the unique archaeological sites
in the Black Sea and to foster public attention on the invisible but invaluable
archaeological heritage underwater. The sites underwater constitute the most
vulnerable part of the world archaeological heritage and are often under threat
of destruction by infrastructure projects, development works and treasure
hunters.
What sites are buried in the Black Sea?
Can we protect them and how?
What is underwater archaeology?
How do archaeologists excavate underwater sites?
Can underwater archaeology add to our knowledge about past societies?
The exhibition of the Centre for Underwater Archaeology (CUA) may answer
some of these questions. It aims to enable visitors experience the unseen world
of archaeology beneath the sea and learn more about:
1- The only completely excavated shipwreck in the Black Sea discovered in
1982 in the south bay of Kiten
32
2- The underwater archaeological excavations of prehistoric settlements from
the Late Copper age (5th–4th mill. BC) and the Early Bronze age (3rd mill. BC),
submerged beneath the waters of the Black Sea
3- The typology and evolution of ancient anchors.
33
4- The shipwrecks discovered during the preliminary surveys of the
South Stream Pipeline Project;
The exhibition attempts to make underwater heritage available to wider public
and engage more people in its preservation for the benefit of the society at
large.
34
SPECIAL EXHIBIT 13
20th Anniversary of the European Association of Archaeologists:
The Material Culture
Curators: Sylvie Květinová and Mark Pearce
Twenty years ago (22 – 25 September 1994), the EAA Inaugural Meeting
took place in Ljubljana, Slovenia, attended by almost 250 delegates from 36
countries. This year we expect to celebrate our 20th birthday with some eight
times that number of delegates!
At the Inaugural Meeting in Ljubljana (1994), 18 sessions were presented over
two days. The Meeting in Santiago de Compostela (1995) established the EAA’s
customary Wednesday – Saturday conference pattern, which we still follow. The
number of sessions and delegates quickly rose, and the Annual Meetings had
50 – 60 sessions between 1998 and 2009. Over the last four years the EAA has
been growing rapidly again, and a new chapter is opening in the development
of our Association.
137 60 59 65 58 55 51 71 59 78 91 1994 Ljubljana 1995 San4ago 1996 Riga 1997 Ravenna 1998 Göteborg 1999 2000 Lisbon 2001 Esslingen 2002 2003 St. 2004 Lyon 2005 Cork 2006 Krakow 2007 Zadar 2008 Malta 2009 Riva del 2010 Hague 2011 Oslo 2012 Helsinki 2013 Pilsen 2014 Istanbul 160 140 120 100 59 55 61 51 80 41 36 60 26 22 40 18 20 0 We invite you to take a trip down ‘Memory Lane’ with a small exhibition of the
past material culture of the EAA. Compare the young and slim people on the
photos with colleagues around you. Re-experience conference memories as you
compare Programmes, Abstract Books, Conference Bags and gadgets.
The current EAA Board and Secretariat members will be keen to share your
memories and observations, but also your ideas for the future development of
the EAA.
35
POSTER EXHIBIT 1
The Use of Ancient mtDNA to Infer
Early Domestication History of Sheep in Anatolia
Middle East Technical University
Department of Biology, Population Genetics Research Laboratory
ABSTRACT
Our aim is to contribute to the understanding of sheep domestication history
in Anatolia by employing the ancient DNA methodology. As this relatively new
field of study deals with fragile material that is prone to DNA contamination
from exogenous sources, the very first step was to establish a dedicated ancient
DNA laboratory away from any other place that contains modern genetic
material. After fullfilling the requirements of the new lab in 2012, we started to
examine the samples which we have collected during the excavation season of
2011 from Oylum Höyük-Kilis. In the following years, samples collected from the
site of Tepecik-Çiftlik-Niğde were also studied.
The results by now have revealed that the area of Oylum Höyük harboured
all 5 different mtDNA haplogroups of modern sheep (denoted as A to E) for
the period of 1800-30 BCE. The frequencies, however, showed some change
between ancient and modern populations, haplogroup C indicating the biggest
increase from 6% to 21% in today’s sheep population around the area. For
Tepecik-Çiftlik samples, which were dated to as early as 6700 BCE, we observed
only two different haplogroups, namely B and E. Haplogroup B had the highest
frequency (82%) followed by E (18%). These frequencies enable us to make
inferences about how domestication have progressed and the possible human
migrations accompanied by flocks of sheep.
36
POSTER EXHIBIT 2
Experimental Archaeology and Science Centre in Turkey
A Presentation and Popularization of Science:
Early Bronze Metallurgy
Nicolas Gailhard
Unité Mixte de Recherche 5133, CNRS, France
Murat Çakan
Istanbul Technical University,
Science and Society Applied Research Centre
ABSTRACT
The Istanbul Technical University Science Centre carried out projects in the fields
of experimental archaeology and ancient metallurgy. The first one was designed
for children 8-10 years old. The second one, “Art and Knowledge of Metallurgy
in Ancient Anatolia” was a series of lead and bronze melting experiments for
specialists. The purpose was to attempt to replicate early bronze furnaces as
reconstructed from the analysis of archaeological sites in Anatolia. This training
allowed the students to express themselves following the examples of a given
material culture. With longstanding systematic archaeological research, the
number of items of cultural heritage has significantly increased. Especially
notable is the number of metal items which are already exhibited in the museums.
Acquiring knowledge about the preparation of metal objects in the Bronze Age
has undoubtedly contributed to a better understanding of history, and also to an
increase in the level of professionalism in the archaeological field. Our project
shows that it is possible to associate a Science Centre and archaeologists in a
place where educational programs can be implemented (a tool, a means) and
as a place where children, and students become involved in active learning and
embark on a journey of discovery.
37
POSTER EXHIBIT 3
A New Excavation at Kizzuwatna: Tatarlı Höyük (Adana/Turkey)
K. Serdar Girginer
University of Çukurova
Director of Excavations of Tatarlı Höyük
Mehmet Cevher
University of Çukurova
Research Assistant
ABSTRACT
The excavation in Tatarlı Höyük has started in 2007 by courtesy of The Ministry
of Culture and Tourism, General Directorate of Cultural Assets and Museums
and Cukurova University. During this time with introducing numerous data to
Kizzuwatna – Çukurova archaeology, the results of this excavation are eagerly
awaited by the academe.
In second millennium B.C. in Southern Anatolia The Kizzuwatna Land is
contemporaneous with The Hittites who established the first state in Central
Anatolia. The Hittites attach importance to state agreements based on the
principle of equality rather than political control on Kizzuwatna. The people
of Kizzuwatna in second millennia B.C. is Hurrian originated. During the same
periods every possible feature of Mesopotamia passes through the lands of
Kizzuwatna to Central Anatolia. In Kizzuwatna lands archieves, in other words
local cuneiform tablets have not been found from the limited excavations. We
acquire information about Kizzuwatna from the tablets found from the Central
Anatolian and North Syrian settlements.
Lawazantiya is one of the important cult centres known as Hittite kings visit
the city to observe the ceremonies and feasts. Lawazantiya also known as the
city of Puduhepa, The Queen in New Hittite Kingdom and wife of Hattusili III.
Lawazantiya is referred as “City with 7 springs” in Hittite written documents.
38
POSTER EXHIBIT 4
Seyitömer Mound Excavations
A. Nejat Bilgen
Dumlupınar University
ABSTRACT
Seyitömer Mound is located in Çelikler Seyitömer Lignite Company’s reserve
zone situated 25 kilometres northwest of the province of Kütahya. The mound,
which has an original height of 23,5 meters and a size of 150x140 meters, is
situated above 12 million tons of exploitable coal reserve. The excavations
on the site carried out under the direction of Prof. Dr. A. Nejat Bilgen since
2006 with the aim of mining the 12 million tons of exploitable coal reserve
underneath the mound are continued six months every year with a team of 300
workers.
Out of the six architecturally determined layers the Roman, Hellenistic and
Achaemenid period settlements are comparatively weaker against Bronze Age
settlements. The mound was completely excavated considering its horizontal
stratigraphy and the Middle and Early Bronze Age layers present substantial
data with regard to the relationships established with Western Anatolia, Central
Anatolia and Mesopotamia.
One of the best preserved Middle Bronze Age fortifications was unearthed at
the Mound. The settlement does not follow an organised settlement plan and
the buildings were almost entirely destroyed by an earthquake. The whole
brains discovered inside the skulls of human skeletons buried under the walls of
collapsed buildings are the first examples in the literature of world archaeology
and medicine.
During the different phases of Early Bronze Age III layer the settlement plan
follows a drop-like pattern which is an outcome of the topography of the
mound. During the late phases of this layer a palace was built on a dominating
spot on the south of the mound; and a megaron-planned sanctuary dominated
the centre. During this period Seyitömer Mound is the only known example in
Anatolia in terms of both pottery production techniques and the variance of
forms.
39
SIDE ACTIVITIES
Exhibitions - Conferences
From a Dusty Dig to the Dusty Shelves – The Development of the
Archaeological Literature in Turkey
An Exhibition of the Library
of the German Archaeological Institute – Istanbul
Exhibition at German Archaeological Institute Istanbul (DAI)
Inönü Cad. 10, 34437 Gümüşsuyu
9 – 14 September 2014
Despite the fact that we are already experiencing a changing environment
of publications, printed books and articles were the most important media
to inform about the outcome of archaeological discoveries ever since the
beginning of systematic research. In contrast to most other countries of the
Eastern Mediterranean a long tradition of archaeological writings aiming at
the educated public as well as the scientific community and being published
in Turkey is attested since the second half of the 19th century. The extensive
collections of the library of the German Archaeological Institute in Istanbul
offer the opportunity of a unique overview over the production of printed
archaeological media in Turkey.
By following the archaeological literature for nearly 150 years the various phase
of the development of archaeology as a science are reconstructed. Beside an
ever existing interest by the general public the increasing importance of purely
material oriented studies is remarkable. The manifold interests in archaeology
and its lasting popularity in Turkey leads to the fact that Turkish has become
one of the very few none-European languages of importance in the science of
archaeology.
41
Mendel – Sébah, Documenting the Imperial Museum
Exhibition at Istanbul Archaeological Museums
Alemdar Cad. Osman Hamdi Bey Yokuşu Sk, 34122, Gülhane / Fatih
11 September - 31 December 2014
This exhibition aims at retracing the story of the Imperial Museum’s monumental
three-volume catalogue produced in 1912-1914 as a witness to the rapid
development of what would eventually become the Istanbul Archaeological
Museums. To do so, it relies on a structure reflecting the complex interplay
between the photographs, drawings, and texts that lie at the origin of this first
fully illustrated and systematic catalogue of the museum’s collections. The
story has two main protagonists: Gustave Mendel, the French archaeologist
who authored the catalogue, and the photographer Pascal Sébah, followed by
the Sébah & Joaillier studio, who documented every object in the museum. A
selection of ten objects, together with their glass plate negatives, photographs,
drawings, catalogue entries, and other original documents, provide a detailed
account of the complex process that led to the birth of Mendel’s catalogue.
42
The Forgotten Kingdom
Archaeology and Photography at Ancient Alalakh
Exhibition at Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations
İstiklal Caddesi No: 181 Merkez Han 34433 Beyoğlu
12 September-16 November 2014
Curators: Murat Akar, Helene Maloigne
Tell Atchana, ancient Alalakh, is located along the major branch of the Orontes
River in the Amuq Valley of Hatay, near present Antakya. Covering an area
of 22 hectares, it is the largest Middle and Late Bronze Age (2000-1300 BC)
settlement in the region and was the capital of the regional kingdom of Mukish
in the 2nd millennium BC. Located at the crossroads and in the buffer zone
between Anatolia, the Near East and the eastern Mediterranean, traces of
early cultural connections were initially uncovered at Alalakh during the 1930s
and 1940s by the British archaeologist Sir Leonard Woolley and by Professor K.
Aslıhan Yener from 2000 onwards.
The exhibition which will be held at the Research Center for Anatolian
Civilizations will provide a comparative look at the community, landscape and
site of Tell Atchana/Ancient Alalakh through photographs taken during Sir
Leonard Woolley’s excavation seasons (1936-1939 and 1946-1949) and during
the renewed excavations by Murat Akar (2003-2013).
The history of Hatay in the 20th century and its implications for the exploration
of Tell Atchana is the main focus of the exhibition. As the Sandjak of
Alexandretta, the region was part of the French Mandate from 1920 to 1938
when it became the short-lived Republic of Hatay which was incorporated into
the Republic of Turkey in the same year. The French antiquities laws permitted
the excavator to export half of his finds to Great Britain where the finds from
Tell Atchana now form part of the collections of the British Museum (BM), the
Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology in Cambridge, the Institute of
Archaeology’s study collection and various regional museums. The digitization
of the archive and the exhibition allow for a composite view of Tell Atchana and
the archaeological history of Hatay.
43
The Forgotten Kingdom Archaeology and Photography at Ancient Alalakh
Opening Lectures 12 September 2014, 19.00 – 20.00, RCAC
The Woolley and Yener Excavations at Alalakh: Re-examining and
Re-imaging the Past
K. Aslıhan Yener, Koç University
Tell Atchana was originally excavated by Sir Leonard Woolley from 1936 to
1939, and after World War II from 1946 to 1949, for the British Museum and
Oxford University. Woolley’s publications, particularly his 1955 volume on
Alalakh, have been widely used as a source for further study in the past 60 years.
While in many ways ahead of his time in terms of archaeological methodology,
Woolley’s work, nevertheless, left a number of gaps and uncertainties in the
documented history of ancient Alalakh. The new round of research at Tell
Atchana began in 2000 under the direction of the author now sponsored by
Koç University in Istanbul. Nine seasons of excavation have been completed
from 2003–2012, exploring areas both within and beyond the zone previously
explored by Woolley. Thirty-six new trenches, sixteen borings, and two
exploratory sections have been excavated on the site in addition to extensive
field survey and geophysical exploration. The new findings indicate that the
uppermost known habitation level of Alalakh (Level I) contrary to Woolley, is
dated to the end of the 14th century BC while the ‘Temple’ continued in use into
the 13th century. It may be hypothesized that the city of Alalakh was subjected
to a major disruption around 1300 BC that resulted in the abandonment of the
majority of the site. The surprise finding was that multiple phases dating to the
Iron I and II periods on one of the few surviving unexcavated sections at the
northern end of the site. The newly discovered ceramic assemblages are quite
distinct from the evidence cited by Woolley for Level O being a “Sea People”
resettlement of Alalakh, though ironically it amounts to much the same thing,
namely, a localized and short-lived reuse of the site in the mid-12th century BC.
44
Selected Objects from Alalakh in the Collections of the British Museum in
London, and the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology in Oxford
Dominique Collon, British Museum
In the opening talk for the exhibition The Forgotten Kingdom: Past and Present
Excavations at Tell Atchana/Alalakh at the RCAC, Dr. Dominique Collon will
place selected objects from Alalakh, in the collections of the British Museum,
and Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, in their historical and geographical setting,
and demonstrate the international contacts that existed between Alalakh and
its neighbours. Dealings with the kings of Aleppo and Mitanni, overlords of
Alalakh in the 18th and 15th centuries BC respectively, were recorded in two
archives of sealed clay legal documents written in cuneiform script.
The talk will illustrate the international trade network of which Alalakh was a
part of: One cylinder seal impression shows that bull-leaping existed in Syria
before the earliest depictions from Crete; a red stone lamp is another link with
Crete. Were fragments of wall painting from the 18th century and duck-shaped
ivory toilet boxes produced by local or imported craftsmen from Crete or Egypt?
The stone statue of King Idrimi of the 15th century BC is doubly remarkable: as
a record of the king’s likeness and for the cuneiform inscription carved on him
that provides us with his autobiography.
45
Old Ships of Yenikapı
Lecture by Ufuk Kocabaş
Istanbul University Yenikapı Shipwrecks Project Director
Taşkışla (TKB Ground Floor, 109)
14 September 2014 Sunday, 18:00 – 19:00
ABSTRACT
Yenikapı excavations, that started in accordance with the Marmaray and Metro
railway transportation project constructions during 2004-2013, have become
the most comprehensive archaeological rescue study held at a city centre in
Turkey until now. The excavations shed light on urban history of Istanbul with
its extraordinary finds. Thousands of archaeological artefacts found during
excavations have attracted great attention in both national and international
media and scientific circles. Thirty seven sunken ships among these artefacts
have a unique importance of being the largest collection of archaeological
shipwrecks. Scientific studies of our department on Yenikapı shipwrecks bring
to light many unknown details on the development of Mediterranean ship
construction techniques and bring a new dimension to naval cultural history. It
is essentially important to inform the inhabitants of the city about the finds of
the continuing studies and thus create consciousness of the protection of our
cultural heritage as well as presenting these finds to the scientific world.
46
Edited by:
MEHMET ÖZDO⁄AN
NEZ‹H BAfiGELEN
PETER KUNIHOLM
1
THE TIGRIS BASIN
ISBN: 975-605-396-150-5
2
THE EUPHRATES BASIN
ISBN: 975-605-396-151-2
3
CENTRAL TURKEY
ISBN: 975-605-396-193-2
4
WESTERN TURKEY
ISBN: 975-605-396-199-4
5
NORTHWESTERN
TURKEY
AND ISTANBUL
ISBN: 975-605-396-231-1
6 10500- 5200 BC:
Environment settlement,
flora, fauna, datıng,
symbols of belıef, wıth vıews
from north, east, and west
7
Forthcoming 2015
ARCHAEOLOGY & ART PUBLICATIONS
www.arkeolojisanat.com / info@arkeolojisanat.com
10500-5200 BC:
Environment settlement,
flora, fauna, datıng, symbols
of belıef, wıth vıews from
north, east, and west
www.arkeolojisanat.com / info@arkeolojisanat.com
20th Annual Meetıng
of the European
Assocıatıon
of Archaeologısts
SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS
AND EVENTS
10-14 September 2014
Istanbul | Turkey