Bethany College
Guaranteed Energy Savings Project
Investment Grade Audit
Energy Conservation Measure Description
Date:
December 5, 2013
Prepared by:
Constellation New Energy
2090 Greentree Road
Suite 200
Pittsburgh, PA 15220
Energy Conservation Measure (1-3) SUMMARY
CUSTOMER:
Bethany College
PROJECT #:
111884
PROJECT NAME:
Bethany College
Incl.
ECM
(Y/N)
#
ECM DESCRIPTION
SELL PRICE
ENERGY SAVINGS
Turnkey
CONSUMPTION
ECM
Cost
Elec Dem Elec Con Steam Utililty UtilityNatural Gas
Propane Water
ECM
SAVINGS PAYBACK
TOTAL
Monthly
$
ECM 1
Lighting Retrofit/Exterior Lighting/Occ Sensors $1,639,685
ECM 2
Water Conservation
$354,284
ECM 3
Control Upgrades scheduling/night setback
$452,277
kW
kWh
1
2
282
1,192,232
614,812
mmBTU Unit Unit
3
MCF
Gal
kGal
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
32
-
-
10,074
-
4
5
-
$
yrs
-
$119,251
13.7 yrs
1,214
$18,009
19.7 yrs
$91,642
4.9 yrs
ECM 1: Lighting Improvements & Occupancy Sensor Installation
Overview
Constellation staff, in coordination with Bethany College, has completed a detailed line by line energy
audit of the specified lighting systems to provide the most beneficial design possible. The primary
design strategy includes upgrading existing T8 and T12 lighting components to a high efficiency T8
system (Sylvania 28 watt Supersaver/QHE) in an effort to maximize both energy and material savings.
Existing interior High Intensity Discharge (HID) will be replaced with new fixtures containing a high
efficiency T5 system (Sylvania 28 watt Pentron/QTP). Existing Exterior High Intensity Discharge (HID)
components will be replaced with a high efficiency Induction Lighting System (Sylvania ICETRON/QT
ICE). Induction Lighting is designed for long life, with a lamp life cycle up to 100,000 hours. It is an
energy efficient alternative to HID with instant on capabilities and very low operational maintenance
under normal operating hours.
Existing fluorescent fixtures which are in good condition and meet a certain level of efficiency will be
re-lamped and re-ballasted with proposed system. Existing fluorescent fixtures which may be
retrofitted to be more efficient will be upgraded with installation of reflector kits and the proposed
system. Existing fluorescent fixtures, which can’t be upgraded by re-lamp/re-ballast or retrofit, will be
replaced with new luminaries containing the proposed system.
Existing incandescent and compact fluorescent exit signs will be replaced with a new LED signs. Existing
incandescent and compact fluorescent illuminating fixtures will be replaced with high performance
compact fluorescent equivalents.
The proposed upgrade takes into account four major components of a lighting system – use, quality,
maintenance, and energy savings.
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 1
Constellation uses a diversity factor to accommodate any holidays, vacation time or unscheduled
closures related to each buildings lighting operating hours. The energy savings guaranteed after the
implementation of the lighting retrofit are based on the application of such a diversity factor to the
energy calculations. Without applying the diversity factor, the lighting retrofit would generate a 10%
higher annual savings (not considering heating/cooling penalty).
Also, Constellation has only factored material savings in their calculations.
Present Condition
These facilities lighting systems are made up of fixtures which contain Primarily T12, T8, and HID lamps
and ballasts – all of these components will be replaced with a high efficiency lighting system.
Proposed Design/Condition
Constellation proposes to re-lamp re-ballast many existing fixtures which have suitable photometrics
for use in that specific area. All industrial fixtures such as hooded reflector types and strip fixtures with
exposed lamps will have a protective sleeve tube guard added for protection of the
lamps and as a safety component against breakage.
Constellation proposes to install several types of reflector kits throughout the facility
which will produce the necessary light output while using fewer lamps and ballasts.
Areas with 3 or more lamps in recessed fixtures will be the preferred lighting design
for reflector kits. This will reduce material cost while maintaining IES light levels
standards.
Constellation proposes to retrofit existing incandescent fixtures with compact
fluorescent equivalents. Recessed incandescent lighting will be replaced with
compact fluorescent lamps comparable to the existing incandescent wattage.
Surface mounted incandescent fixtures will be replaced with compact fluorescent fixtures aesthetically
designed for the location in which they will be installed.
Constellation proposes to replace existing fixtures which have deteriorated past the point of retrofit or
where a different style luminary would be more suitable.
Constellation proposes to replace existing interior HID fixtures with new high efficiency T5 HO fixtures.
The T5 HO high bay style fixtures will provide greater illumination and instant on capabilities. A high
efficiency Induction lighting system will be installed in various exterior HID fixtures where a T5
luminary is not feasible such as HID canopy fixtures, wall packs and pole lighting.
Constellation proposes to install several occupancy sensors to maximize possible energy savings in
specified areas which demonstrate an acceptable payback. Classrooms, offices and restrooms will be
the greatest energy savings opportunity areas as these type spaces will be utilized the most by
students, teachers and administrative staff. Constellation proposes to install occupancy sensors in
frequently occupied areas to automatically shut off lighting when the space is unoccupied. Ceiling
mount Dual Technology self adjusting occupancy sensors, which provide 360° of coverage and use
both passive infrared and ultrasonic technologies to sense occupancy will be installed. The occupancy
sensors will require power pack relays for interconnection with the lighting circuits. The design
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 2
configuration in large open spaces may consist of a network of power pack relays for individual lighting
fixtures linked to a specific occupancy control. These controls will reduce energy consumption by
shutting off lighting when no occupants have been detected for a period of time.
Constellation proposes to replace existing incandescent and compact fluorescent exit signs with LED
exit signs and LED retrofit kits. LED exit signs have extremely low energy consumption and
maintenance with long LED lamp life.
Recommended Manufacturers

T8 Lamps
o
Sylvania 4’ FO28/SS/841XP 28w
o
Sylvania 3’ FO25/841XP 25w
o
Sylvania 2’ FO17/841XP 17w

T5 Lamps – Sylvania 4’ FP54/841HO 54w

Electronic T8 Ballasts – Sylvania QHE

High Output T5 Ballasts – Sylvania QTP

Linear T8 Retrofit Kits – On Time Lighting

LED Exit Signs – On Time Lighting

Compact Fluorescent Lamps – Sylvania CFLs

New Linear T8 Fixtures – On Time Lighting

New Linear T5 Fixtures – Philips Optimum Lighting

New Induction Fixtures – 1st Source Lighting

Occupancy Sensors – Leviton
Scope of Work
The following components and services shall be provided as part of the project

Final engineering analysis and design of existing lighting system at the buildings identified in
the preliminary assessment report

Develop the priority of work to be accomplished in conjunction with the facilities

Retrofit/install all required lamps, fixtures and other equipment as determined through IGA

Lamp and PCB ballast disposal/recycling to be provided by a certified and approved contractor

The following equipment provided:
i.
T8 Lamps and Electronic Ballasts as specified
ii.
T5 Lamps and Electronic Ballasts as specified
iii.
Compact Fluorescent Lamps as specified
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 3
iv.
LED Exit Sign as specified
v.
New Linear Fluorescent Fixtures as specified
vi.
Linear Retrofit Kits as specified
vii.
New Induction Fixtures as specified
viii.
Occupancy Sensors as specified
Source of Utility Savings
Lighting is often the easiest and most cost-effective retrofit measure that
a facility can undertake. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), approximately 25 to 30 percent of a building’s energy bill is
for lighting. In addition, lighting upgrades are considered low-risk and
typically have greater than 25 percent (less than four-year) rate of return.
Finally, these retrofits usually have other benefits including the reduction
in maintenance costs (because high-efficiency lamps tend to last longer)
and the enhancement of light levels and reduction of glare.
Energy-efficient fluorescent lamps save 15% to 20% of the wattage used by standard fluorescents
(T12-type) and last just as long. Although T8 lamps are more expensive than T12 lamps, the additional
costs are more than justified by energy savings. T8 lamps provide 98% as much light as do standard
lamps and consume approximately 40% less energy when installed together with electronic ballast.
Electronic ballasts operate at higher frequencies than do conventional electromagnetic ballasts, and
consequently convert power to light more efficiently. Electronic ballasts generate 75% less noise than
conventional electromagnetic ballasts, eliminating the flicker and hum commonly associated with
fluorescent lighting.
Induction lighting is fluorescent based technology that operates without the use of an electrode.
Energy is transferred to the lamp by an inductively coupled high frequency magnetic field which reacts
with phosphors to create illumination. The absence of an electrode eliminates the common failure
point found in most lamps, therefore providing an extremely long lasting light source. Induction lamps
and ballasts are rated at 100,000 hours, five times the rated life of traditional light sources. Electronic
induction ballasts operate at a high frequency rate for improved performance and a higher level of
efficiency. Full spectrum, high Kelvin induction lamps contain high grade phosphors to increase color
rendering (CRI). Compared to traditional light sources, induction lamp and ballast systems provide
better quality, highly visible white light for superior illumination with reduced wattage.
Light-Emitting Diode (LED) signs consume only about 2 watts of energy and last 20 years. The life-cycle
cost of LED signs is about one-half that of a compact fluorescent lamp and about one-quarter of an
incandescent lamp.
For each of the upgrades, calculations for the change in power, consumption and cost were completed
as follows:
Energy savings for this ECM is determined through the following equation:
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 4
Savings kWh = (Annual Operation Hours x Lighting kWbase year) – (Annual Operation Hours
x Lighting kWpost-retrofit)
The difference between the kWh consumption for the existing lighting system and the new system is
the lighting energy reduction. Cost savings due to this measure are simply the kWh reduction
multiplied by the established cost per kWh.
The savings amount will be determined by the following equations:
Energy Reduction (in kWh) = Lighting kWhbaseyear –Lighting kWhpost-retrofit
Cost Savings ($/yr) = Energy Reduction (in kWh) x $/kWh (Electricity Rate)
Physical Changes
Existing fixtures scheduled to be retrofit will be wiped clean during the installation of the new lamps
and/or ballasts. Any broken or malfunctioning fixtures will be brought to the attention of facility
personnel. Fixtures scheduled for replacement, will be safely disconnected and removed from the site
for proper disposal. New fixtures will be installed in a similar location. All installation locations of new
fixtures will be included in the line by line audit.
Light Level Compliance
The proposed upgrades will meet all IES illumination level standards pertaining to light level
requirements based on the existing lighting system to which will be maintained. All linear fluorescent
lamps will have a color temperature of 4100 Kelvin which will provide a CRI of 85. Measurement and
verification including foot candle readings will be included in the M&V section of the proposed
documents.
Utility Interruptions
No building-wide utility interruptions are anticipated, however, individual areas will be impacted as
power is shut off to allow for either the fixture retrofit or installation of a new fixture.
Agency Support Required
Constellation will coordinate construction activities with Bethany College personnel to minimize
interruptions for day to day academic and administrative schedules.
Potential Environmental Impact
Lamps removed from the facility will be recycled. The reduction in electricity usage as a result of this
measure will lead to a reduction in electric power plant emissions. All ballasts, some of which may
contain PCB, will be disposed of according to local and Federal EPA rules, regulations and laws.
Documentation from an approved recycling company will be obtained from the subcontractor for
proper disposal of all lamps and ballasts removed from the facility.
O&M Impact
The installation of new, efficient lamps and ballasts will result in significant material savings due to
both – the manufacturer’s warranties and longer life of the new equipment.
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 5
Estimated Life of Major Components (Based on Average Rated Life Hours per Start)
Component Name
Estimated Life
(Hrs)
Linear T8 Lamps
36,000 Hrs
Linear T5 Lamps
36,000 Hrs
Induction Lamps
100,000 Hrs
Compact Fluorescent Lamps
10,000 Hrs
Compact fluorescent Adaptor
10,000 Hrs
Electronic Ballasts
70,000 Hrs
Led Exit Signs and Retrofit Kits
100,000 Hrs
Fixture Luminaries
25 years Est.
Occupancy Sensors
70,000 Hrs
M&V Approach
Metering and Verification of savings shall be undertaken as described in the section “M&V
Methodology and Determination of Baseline”.
Owner Support Requirements
Once the installed ECMs are accepted by Bethany College, the college shall be responsible for the
operation and maintenance of all new ECM equipment and existing equipment that relates to the
Project. A Project specific Operations Manual shall be prepared once the new ECM equipment is
installed and any training is provided for the operations and maintenance of the new ECM equipment.
Bethany College shall follow all manufacturers’ recommendations for maintenance tasks and
schedules.
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 6
The Environmental Impact of the Guaranteed Energy Savings Project
Not only does this project save money; it saves energy. Energy use is directly linked to the impact
Bethany College has on our environment. By reducing the annual electricity use by 1,192,232 kWh
through the Comprehensive Lighting Retrofit, the College will keep many tons of carbon dioxide and
other harmful pollutants out of the atmosphere. The table below lists the CO2 equivalencies from the
energy savings for this project.
Bethany College Lighting Upgrade
Electricity saved
CO2 emissions
saved
CO2 emissions
saved
Annual Emissions
1,192,232
kWh
841
Metric tons
1,854,483
Pounds
Which is equivalent to:
Greenhouse Gases
175
From
Passenger vehicles
CO2 Emissions From
94,303
Gallons of gasoline
CO2 Emissions From
CO2 Emissions
From
CO2 Emissions From
1,956
Barrels of oil
116
Homes' electricity use
42
Homes' energy use
Carbon
Sequestered From
21,569
Carbon
Sequestered From
689
Acres of US forests
CO2 Emissions From
35,049
Propane cylinders
CO2 Emissions From
3.6
Railcars of coal
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Avoided
From
315
Tons of waste recycled vs. going to
landfill
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Tree seedlings grown for 10 years
Page 7
ECM 2: Water Conservation
Overview
Constellation proposes to improve the operating performance and water efficiency of water
consuming systems found at Bethany College through the application of several water and related
energy conservation strategies. Water and sewer savings for this ECM are derived from reduced water
flow consumed by the water fixtures, either by fixture replacements or by rebuilding fixtures.
Present Condition
Below is a list of systems that are currently in use in the facilities:
 Toilets: Toilets on site consume 3.5 GPF.

Urinals: Urinals range from 1.6 GPF to 2.5 GPF.

Sinks: Sink faucets range from 2.0 GPM to 3.5 GPM depending on the application.

Showerheads: Showerheads throughout the facilities have a flow rate of 2.5 GPM.
Proposed Condition
By retrofitting or replacing existing equipment with new low flow devices the school will realize
reduced water consumption and reduced domestic hot water generation demand. The following list
describes the equipment to be installed in the buildings:

Toilets: Existing toilets that have a flush rate greater than 1.6 GPF will either be retrofitted or
replaced with 1.6 GPF equipment.

Urinals: Existing urinals that have a flush rate greater than 1.0 GPF will be retrofitted or
replaced with 1.0 GPF equipment.

Sinks: Sink faucets will be retrofitted with a new 0.5 GPM faucet aerators. In addition to water
savings, the reduced flow will also provide thermal savings from reduced hot water usage.

Showerheads: Showerheads with a flow greater than 1.5 GPM will be replaced with new 1.5
GPM showerheads. Similar to the sinks, the reduced flow will provide water savings and
thermal savings from reduced hot water usage.

All Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliant fixtures will be replaced with applicable
ADA fixtures.
Scope of Work
The following list provides the standard scope procedure for the measure:
 Sink Aerators
a. Remove existing aerator and dispose of properly.
b. Furnish and install a new 0.5 gallons per minute (GPM) pressure compensating
aerator, according to audit and field verification.
c. Turn on water supply to sink. Test the faucet for leaks and proper operation.
 Shower heads
a. Remove existing standard showerhead or handheld showerhead and dispose of
properly.
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 8
b. Furnish and install a new 1.5 gallons per minute (GPM) standard showerhead or
handheld showerhead fixture, according to the audit and field verification.
c. Turn on the water supply to the shower. Test showerhead for leaks and proper
operation.

Toilets
a. Remove and dispose existing toilet, flush valve, and control stop properly.
b. Furnish and install a new 1.6 gallons per flush (GPF) tank toilet and 1.6 gallons per
flush (GPF) toilet china depending on the application and according to the audit and
field verification.
c. Retrofit or replace existing flush valves and control stops according to audit and field
verification.
d. Supply and install restroom shut off valves for each restroom water main.
e. Turn on water supply to toilets or flush valves. Test for leaks and proper operation.
Source of Utility Savings
In determining the savings for Bethany College, Constellation analyzed the water consumption of the
facility by breaking it up into groups to facilitate the analysis and to gain a better understanding of
where water can be best saved. The majority of the water use is broken up into the following areas:
domestic (bathrooms), kitchen use and lab / classroom areas.
Water use is determined by measuring the existing flow rates and gallons per flush of a statistically
derived sample of each fixture type. These flow rates and gallons used per flush are then multiplied by
the usage profiles for these fixtures in order to determine the yearly water use for each device. Usage
profile patterns are based on three parameters: population, occupancy schedules and the frequency of
use of these fixtures. The population consists of only full time personnel and students.
Once the existing annual water use of the plumbing fixtures is calculated, the post retrofit water use is
calculated based on the proposed flow rates and gallons used per flush for each fixture type. It is
assumed that the usage profile patterns will remain unchanged after the new equipment is installed.
The difference between the existing and proposed water use is the savings.
Energy savings associated with the reduction of domestic hot water use is calculated by determining
the reduction of water use of faucets and applying an estimate of the percent of hot water use each
time the faucet is used. This calculation is done for existing and post-retrofit conditions. Again, the
difference between these two conditions is the savings.
A comprehensive audit of all the plumbing systems of the facilities has been conducted to determine
the type, styles and quantities of the toilets, urinals, sinks and showers. The water audit coupled with
Constellation’s project developers’ knowledge and the facilities input on usage was used to determine
the proposed equipment. A summary of this information appears in the table to follow.
The following table lists the fixture quantities to be replaced or retrofitted at Bethany College:
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 9
Building
New
1.28 GPF
Tank
Type
Toilet
New
1.28
GPF
Toilet
China
w/ FV
New
1.28
GPF
Toilet
FV
New
1.0
Urinal
FV
New
0.5
GPM
Aerator
New
1.5
GPM
Aerator
Bethany
College
138
119
28
26
647
110
New
0.5
GPM
Faucet
New
1.5
GPM
Shower
Head
New 1.5
GPM
ADA W/
Hand
Held
Sprayer
50
367
1
Variable
Assumption
# of Men & Women
in the Facility
The estimate of the number of women and men in the facility was assumed
based on the facility type and function. See detailed calculations for the
quantities of men and women used to determine the existing and post retrofit
usage.
Existing Number of
Flushes per Person
per Day
The number of flushes for the toilets and urinals was based on empirical data
obtained from the American Water Works Association (AWWA) and modeling
of the water use for each building. See detailed calculations for the number of
flushes per person for both the male and female occupants to determine the
existing and post retrofit usage.
Existing Minutes of
Faucet and Shower
Use per Person per
Day
The number of minutes for the faucets and showers based on empirical data
obtained from the American Water Works Association (AWWA) and modeling
of the water use for each building. See detailed calculations for the amount of
time that the occupants use the faucets and showers to determine the existing
and post retrofit usage.
Occupied Days per
Year
This information was obtained from information gathered during the site visits
and occupant surveys.
Existing Toilet GPF
Unless specifically labeled on the fixture, it is assumed that the existing toilet
consumes 3.5 GPF.
Existing Urinal GPF
Unless specifically labeled on the fixture, it is assumed that the existing urinal
consumes 1.6 GPF.
Existing Faucet
GPM
If the faucet aerators were missing, it is assumed that the existing water flow is
3.0 GPM. For fixtures where the aerators were present, nameplate data was
used in the calculations and will be field verified on a sample of fixtures.
Existing Shower
GPM
Unless specifically labeled, the water use for the existing showerheads was
assumed to be 2.5 GPM and will be field verified on a sample of fixtures.
Proposed Toilet GPF
The water use for the new tank toilets is assumed to be either 1.1 GPF or 1.6
GPF and 1.28 GPF or 1.6 GPF for the toilets equipped with flush valves.
Proposed Urinal
GPF
The water use for urinals is assumed to be 1.0 GPF.
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 10
Variable
Assumption
Proposed Lavatory
Faucet GPM
The water use for lavatory faucets is assumed to be 0.5 GPM.
Proposed Kitchen
Faucet GPM
The water use for kitchen faucets is assumed to be 1.5 GPM.
Proposed Shower
GPM
The water use for the new showerheads is assumed to be 1.5 GPM.
Domestic Hot
Water System
Efficiency
The hot water system efficiency of 85% was used to quantify savings.
Temperatures of
Domestic Hot
Water and City
Water
It is assumed that the domestic hot water temperature is 120°F and the city
water temperature is 55°F.
% of Hot Water Use
for Faucets and
Showerheads
It is assumed that hot water makes up 85% of the total water use of the faucets
and showers.
The following calculation are for Water and Energy Savings:
Frequency of Use
(uses/yr),
(flushes/yr,
min/yr)
=
[(Number of Users (FT Male) x Fixture Uses/Day/Person) +(Number of Users
(PT Male) x Fixture Uses/Day/Person) + (Number of Users (FT Female) x
Fixture Uses/Day/Person )+ (Number of Users (PT Female) x Fixture
Uses/Day/Person )] x days/wk x wks/yr
Existing &
Proposed Water
Usage (gal/yr),
(toilets & urinals)
Existing Water
Usage (gal/yr),
(sinks & showers)
Proposed Water
Usage (gal/yr),
(sinks & showers)
Water Savings
(gal/yr)
=
Frequency of Use x [(Number of High Flow Fixtures / Total Number of
Fixtures) x High Flow Rate (GPF per fixture) + (Number of Low Flow Fixtures /
Total Number of Fixtures) x Low Flow Rate (GPF per fixture)]
=
Frequency of Use x Average Flow rate of Current Fixtures (gpm)
=
Frequency of Use x Proposed Flow rate (gpm)
=
Existing Water Usage - Proposed Water Usage
Sink & Shower
Energy Savings
(MMBTU/yr)
=
Water Savings (gal/yr) x 1/2 Hot Water x 8.34 lb/gal x (Domestic Hot Water
Temp. – City Water Temp.) x 1 Btu/lb-F x (1 MMBTU / 1,000,000 Btu)
O&M Impact
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 11
While operation and maintenance (O&M) savings are not proposed, Bethany College will realize a
reduction in associated repair materials and labor due to the replacement of old equipment with new
equipment. The new toilets will eliminate the facility’s need to annually replace flappers, handles and
fill valves for a full maintenance cycle. Additional savings will also be realized through reduced energy
costs related to savings associated with showerheads and aerators.
Estimated Life of Major Components
Component Name
Estimated Life (years)
Toilets (china)
30
Flushometer
20
Urinal
20
Faucet Flow Control
8
Showerhead
8
M&V Approach
Metering and Verification of savings shall be undertaken as described previously in the section “M&V
Methodology and Determination of Baseline”.
Owner Support Requirements
Once the installed ECMs are accepted by Bethany College, the college shall be responsible for the
operation and maintenance of all new ECM equipment and existing equipment that relates to the
Project. A Project specific Operations Manual shall be prepared once the new ECM equipment is
installed and any training is provided for the operations and maintenance of the new ECM equipment.
Bethany College shall follow all manufacturers’ recommendations for maintenance tasks and
schedules.
Training
The following table summarizes our approach to training Bethany College personnel for this ECM:
Constellation Training Components
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 12
Training Plan Components
Type(s) of Training Sessions
 work procedure training for ECMs requiring a change in  hands-on field sessions to familiarize
existing operating conditions
 training appropriate Bethany College personnel in the
operation, maintenance, emergency shutdown / response
and repair of ECM equipment
 training appropriate Bethany College personnel in all
Bethany College employees with the
ECMs installed, and to observe
hands-on
operating,
troubleshooting, maintenance and repair
procedures
operation,
maintenance,
repair
and
replacement
requirements to maintain savings achieved by proper
operation of each ECM
Specific to this ECM implemented, Constellation training materials will include the following:

a general discussion of installed equipment and controls;

operation and maintenance (O&M) and repair and replacement (R&R) practices and
procedures;

warranty documentation which is particularly important with new installations (because
manufacturers typically make R&R of malfunctioning equipment easy and straightforward as
long as the proper procedures for replacing and repairing failed equipment are carefully
followed); and

Constellation Post-Installation M&V Scope of Services to be performed.
Each Constellation training session will explain why we are implementing a particular measure, where
it is, how it works, and what to do in an emergency. Constellation takes great care to observe client
personnel during training, to make sure that effective training is provided and that results in the
efficient and safe operation of all ECMs.
The timing, location, and scheduling of training is customized for the client, based on the technologies
installed and the number and location of Bethany College personnel included in the training.
Training never stops during the course of a performance contract. As personnel changes within
Bethany College, Constellation is always willing to retrain new employees. Our team of Operations
engineers is available as an additional resource for your Facilities team.
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 13
ECM 3: Control Upgrades and Scheduling
A majority of the mechanical systems on the campus operate via local control and are operational 24
hours per day seven days a week. Energy and cost savings can be achieved by scheduling the
mechanical equipment based on building occupancy. Additionally, there are several buildings with
DDC and or Pneumatic control systems. All of these systems are independent to each building and
there is no common front end interface for use by the facility maintenance staff.
Constellation is recommending the installation of new controls in Benedum Commons and on any new
boilers and chillers installed as part of the project. In addition, the following new control points and
functions are recommended for the existing control systems:

Provide programming for existing DDC systems to allow for time of day scheduling of air
handling units and exhaust fans

Provide new controls to allow for demand control ventilation on AHU-4 and AHU-5 in
Benedum Commons

Install new chilled water control valve and incorporate valve into the existing DDC system
for control of cooling coil on AHU-8 in Benedum Commons

Provide controls to monitor and enable and boilers chillers via the existing DDC systems
Measure Summary
During the site visit, it was stated that all of the existing systems in the facilities are allowed to operate
continuously, to maintain space temperature set points, regardless of occupancy.
Based on our baseline assessment of the buildings energy consumption, we can confirm the heating
and ventilating systems in the buildings are operating more than necessary, and energy savings from
scheduled operation will result in energy savings.
Baseline Conditions
All facilities in this analysis have some form of control. However, only a small proportion of the
systems benefit from digital control. New equipment has more updated controls, but depending on
the date of installation, the technology may be dated. While larger equipment benefits from yearly
inspections and calibrations, end devices such as unit ventilators and fan coils do not get any attention,
unless there is a cold or hot call.
All of the facilities have areas that would benefit from scheduled operation. Many of the buildings are
used on a scheduled basis and selected areas, in the main building, could also be scheduled to account
for the diversity between shifts. Additionally, all of the facilities were open to the idea of occupied
setback if proper temperature control could be achieved.
Proposed Conditions
An energy management system (EMS) has many capabilities not presently available in the facilities.
Such a system will allow maintenance personnel to monitor through a personal computer, either onBethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Page 14
site through the local LAN, or remotely by accessing the Internet. This allows personnel to view the
equipment parameters in real time and better diagnose any problems without having to having to see
the equipment. Through trending and alarms, information can be gathered over time to see how
systems work and react to changes. Alarms will call to attention any preset limits that have been
exceeded, hopefully alerting personnel to problems before it can affect comfort significantly.
Control of the equipment is another capability. Through direct digital control (DDC), control
algorithms can be customized and changed to adapt to new conditions. Control accuracy is also
improved through DDC. Pneumatic controllers will be eliminated; however, the end devices such as
valves and actuators may continue to be utilized.
The EMS is also a tool for energy conservation. While equipment in many areas is required to run
continuously, there are select pieces that can be shut down at night. By allowing these units to shut
down and remain off unless a preset unoccupied setpoint is exceeded, savings can be achieved. There
will also be savings by fine tuning the control algorithms and adjusting set points, but they are difficult
to quantify and are not included in our estimates.
For a majority of the buildings, time of day control will be implemented as described below.
TOD On/Off Control (Night Setback)
For this control strategy, the BAS will control the operation of the HVAC equipment in accordance with
a programmed schedule, based upon the occupied and unoccupied periods in a building. Automation
of the operating schedule provides for prompt starting and stopping of the equipment yielding savings
in thermal and electrical energy. The BAS Software will allow local unit controls to do selfprogramming and recalculation of their optimal start/stop time for morning warn-up. The program
may also be modified to reflect changes to building occupancy or seasonal loads. An operator will be
able to override the program to change occupancy mode of the building operation as needed.
During unoccupied periods, these thermostats will be used to cycle the air handlers on and off to
maintain setback (about 60 F) or setup (about 80 F) set points depending upon the time of year.
Additionally, the outside air dampers will be closed reducing the heating and cooling of outside air.
During occupied hours, the air handlers will remain under existing control sequence of operation.
Energy Savings Proposed
Energy savings for this measure derive from these factors –
 Reduced fan operation;
 Reduced Heating Energy Consumption
 Reduced Unoccupied Ventilation
 Reduced cooling energy consumption
Calculation Methodology
Calculations utilize bin temperature data for nearest WV weather station will be averaged over 30
years. For each temperature bin, the energy usage will be:
Fan power usage (kWh) = Σ [Fan power kW * hours of operation at bin temperature]
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
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Variable Speed Fan - The following equation is represented:

N 2  3

 N1 
BHP2  BHP1
Where:
BHP2 = Break Horsepower of less than 100% Load
BHP1 = Break Horsepower at 100% Load
N2
= RPM of the motor at less than 100% load
N1
= RPM of the motor at 100% load
Heating Energy Use - The following equation is represented:
Heating Energy (MMBtu) = Σ [supply fan CFM * 1.085 * (discharge temp (oF) – OA bin temp) *
hours operation in that bin temperature] * (1-heat recovery efficiency)/ (1,000,000
Btuh/MMBtu) / Heating efficiency of 100%
Cooling Energy Use - The following equation is represented: (though not included in savings number
due to no chilled water rate):
Cooling energy (mmBtu) = Σ[Supply fan CFM * 1.085 * (OAT – discharge temp (oF)) * 1/sensible
load ratio of .7 * hours operating in that bin temperature period)] * 1mmBtu/1,000,000 Btu
Energy Savings are based on the following formulas:
Fan savings = Σ[existing fan power consumption, kwh – proposed fan power consumption]
Heating Energy Savings are based on the following formulas:
Heating Savings = Σ[existing heating energy, MMBtu – proposed heating energy, MMBtu]
Cooling Energy Savings are based on the following formulas:
Cooling Savings = Σ{existing cooling energy, mmBtu – proposed cooling energy, mmBtu]
Measurement & Verification Plan
Constellation Energy will use Option “B” to determine the energy savings associated with the
implementation of time of day on/off control measure.
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December 5, 2013
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An M&V Plan using IPMVP Option “B” is to be used for savings determination for this ECM. Preretrofit energy consumption is based on engineering calculations and verified with occupied hours
trend data collected over a period of approximately one month during the heating and cooling
seasons. Data will be collected on the applicable equipment / point types necessary. Post-retrofit
energy consumption will be based on engineering calculations and short-term trend data (over a
period of one to two months) or long-term trend data (up to one full year of data) collected via the
existing Building Automation System (BAS).
The first year Measurement and Verification Report will be presented one year after commissioning
of the BAS begins. The same points where pre-retrofit data was collected will be trended via the BAS
after commissioning to determine thermal energy savings.
Baseyear Energy Use
The baseyear energy use takes into account the following major factors –

Space temperature setpoint in effect

Outside air load
The baseyear energy use during unoccupied hours is basically due to the total shell and roof load, on
the basis of given setpoint during those hours and the outside air load. This would include cooling,
heating and humidification loads. The Baseyear setpoint is 74°F for cooling and 68°F for heating. The
formula used to determine cooling, heating and loads are presented below and apply to the
unoccupied hours for the building.
The formula to determine baseyear cooling energy for the unoccupied hours is as follows
BTUannual unoccupied hours cooling = Σ [4.5 x (Enthalpyoutside air – Enthalpydischarge air) x CFMoutside air]
x ΔT
Where ΔT is the difference between the outside air and the inside air setpoint of 74°F or 68°F
depending on the operating mode.
The formula to determine baseyear heating energy for the unoccupied hours is as follows
BTUannual unoccupied hours heating = Σ [1.08 x (Temperatureoutside air – Temperaturedischarge air) x
CFMoutside air) + Σ (1.08 x (Temperaturereturn air – Temperaturedischarge air) x CFMreturn air] x ΔT
Where ΔT is the difference between the outside air and the inside air.
Baseyear energy use for the AHU fans will be established by actual field measurements.
kW = (Voltagephase-to-phase x Amperage x Power Factor)/1000
The annual kW consumption for the fans is given by the following formula –
kWh = [(Voltagephase-to-phase x Amperage x Power Factor) x Hours of Operation]/1000
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December 5, 2013
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Post-Retrofit Energy Use
During unoccupied hours in the post-implementation period, the heating setback set point will be 60°F
for all buildings. Cooling will not be supplied during scheduled unoccupied hours. Since cooling will
not be supplied during unoccupied hours, post-implementation cooling savings equals preimplementation cooling costs during those same hours for the night setback period.
The formula used to determine the post-retrofit heating load is similar to that used to determine the
pre-retrofit load with the exception that the night setback temperature of 60°F for all buildings except
is used in determining the ΔT instead of the daytime space temperature setpoint of 74°F. The formula,
then, becomes the following –
BTUannual unoccupied hours heating =
Σ [1.08 x (Temperatureoutside air – Temperaturedischarge air)
x CFMoutside air] + Σ [1.08 x (Temperaturereturn air – Temperaturedischarge air) x CFMreturn air] x ΔT
Where ΔT is the difference between the outside air and the night setback temperature of 60°F for all
buildings
After installation and commissioning, the post-retrofit energy use will be determined as –
Baseyear Energy Use + Correction to Post-Retrofit Condition
Routine Adjustments
Any changes to the buildings operating parameters and its building systems will require adjustments to
bring post-retrofit energy use to the conditions of the baseyear.
Savings
The amount of energy required for satisfying the base year requirements for heating and cooling
during unoccupied hours will be compared with the energy use for night setback points during
unoccupied hours post-retrofit, i.e. with the terminal units retrofitted with new controls.
The savings amount for heating & cooling will be determined by the following equation –
Savings (in BTUs) = (Existing Heating BTUannual unoccupied hours – Proposed Heating BTUannual
unoccupied hours)
+ BTUannual unoccupied hours cooling
Cost savings for the fans due to this measure are simply the kWh reduction multiplied by the
established cost per kWh.
The savings amount for the fans will be determined by the following equations –
Fan Energy Reduction (in kWh) = Fan kWhbaseyear –Fan kWhpost-retrofit
Staff Responsibilities
Constellation will train the facility maintenance staff in the necessary ongoing maintenance procedure
which will be provided in written form to Bethany College upon the conclusion of the construction of
the ECMs in this package. The new DDC points will have the same maintenance requirements as the
existing DDC points.
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The Environmental Impact of the Guaranteed Energy Savings Project
Not only does this project save money; it saves energy. Energy use is directly linked to the impact
Bethany College has on our environment. By reducing the annual electricity use by 614,812 kWh
through the DDC Control System Upgrade, the College will keep many tons of carbon dioxide and other
harmful pollutants out of the atmosphere. The DDC Controls Upgrade will also save 10,074 mcf in
natural gas consumption. The table below lists the CO2 equivalencies from the energy savings for this
project.
Bethany College DDC Control System Upgrade
Electricity saved
CO2 emissions
saved
CO2 emissions
saved
Annual Emissions
614,812
kWh
478
Metric tons
956, 323
Pounds
Which is equivalent to:
Greenhouse Gases
90.4
From
Passenger vehicles
CO2 Emissions From
48,630
Gallons of gasoline
CO2 Emissions From
CO2 Emissions
From
CO2 Emissions From
1,009
Barrels of oil
59.7
Homes' electricity use
21.7
Homes' energy use
Carbon
Sequestered From
11,123
Carbon
Sequestered From
356
Acres of US forests
CO2 Emissions From
18,074
Propane cylinders
CO2 Emissions From
1.9
Railcars of coal
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Avoided
From
162
Tons of waste recycled vs. going to
landfill
Bethany College IGA ECM Description
December 5, 2013
Tree seedlings grown for 10 years
Page 19