IJREE - International Journal of Research in Electrical Engineering
ISSN: 2349-2503
WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER USING ZCS
QUASI RESONANT CONVERTER
Athira Jose1 | R.Francia skyline felictous2 | M.Varatharaj3
1
(UG Scholar of EEE, Christ the king engg college, Coimbatore, India, jose athira001@gmail.com)
( Assistant Professor of EEE, Christ the king engg college, Coimbatore, India, franciarayan@gmail.com @gmail.com)
3
(Head of the department of EEE, Christ the king engg college,Coimbatore,india, varatharaj_ms80@rediffmail.com)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2
Abstract— Day to day the use of electric vehicle is increasing which causes noise pollution and air pollution in the
environment.so people like to use the electric vehicle which has high charging power for a longer period which avoids noise and air
pollution completely. There are different types of rechargeable battery packs available in the market. In the existing system model multiresonant LC converters are used to produce charging current for the battery chargers which produces low output voltage of about 4V Dc
.To overcome this problem, in proposed system model zero current switching quasi resonant converters are used to produce free ripple
charging voltage of about 8V DC for the rechargeable battery chargers. The use of quasi resonant converters eliminate the burst mode of
operation which in turn increases the life of the battery. ZCS quasi resonant converters produces less switching losses which offers high
efficiency reduced electromagnetic interference and low radio frequency interference with good reliability .By using the ZCS resonant
converter it give (80 % - 95 %) efficiency. This efficiency is beneficial to increasing the running time of battery operated devices. A
drawback to switching converters is the electronics noise they generate at high frequencies, which must sometimes be filtered. The
voltage decline as its stored power is drained. ZCS converters offer a method of generating multiple controlled voltage from a single
variable battery voltage, thereby saving space instead of using multiple batteries to supply different parts of the devices.
Keywords— Battery charger, full soft switching conditions, multi-resonant LC resonant converter, wide output voltage regulation
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. INTRODUCTION
In the past decade years, the use of electric
vehicles have increased rapidly were electric vehicles
are propelled by electric motors powered by
rechargeable batteries. Implementation of smart battery
chargers has gained attention for electric vehicle system.
Using batteries for energy storage impose challenging
design constraints for chargers due to the different
operating modes like current, constant voltage, constant
power and no load condition of the battery. The battery
chargers should not work in different loading conditions
from zero to maximum output power but regulate output
from zero to nominal voltage. Generally burst mode
control is employed under light and no load condition to
improve the Regulation and efficiency of the battery.
Operating the battery chargers for the low switching
frequency leads to low quality output voltage following
a burst mode operation. There by decreasing the life
span of batteries. Fig. (1),
more subintervals of each switching period. The chief
advantage of resonant converter is reduced switching losses
and soft switching. Resonant converters can operate at
higher switching frequencies than comparable PWM
converters. In specialized applications, resonant network
may be unavoidable. Resonant converter is based on the
electrical current oscillations. It is used for high frequency
applications.
Among power converter topologies, considerations of
phase shift full bridge converters and resonant converters
have attracted more attention. Ensuring soft switching
operations, several approaches for phase shift full bridge
converters including hybrid converter, fixed variable duty
cycle, self-sustain oscillating control have been studied. To
extend output voltage regulation, provide soft switching
for semiconductor elements. Fig (1) shows the structure of
LC resonant converter. Theoretically it is possible to
decrease the output voltage of LC resonant converter by
increasing the switching frequency.
2. RESONANT CONVERSION
Fig (1) Block diagram of resonant converter
Resonant converter contain resonant LC network whose
voltage and current waveform vary sinusoidal during one or
Resonant power converter contain L-C networks
whose voltage and current waveforms vary sinusoidal
during one or subinterval of each switching period. These
sinusoidal variations are large in magnitude, and the small
ripple approximation does not apply.
• Dc to dc high frequency ac inverters
• Resonant dc-dc converters.
IJREE - International Journal of Research in Electrical Engineering
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 2016
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IJREE - International Journal of Research in Electrical Engineering
3. L3C2 RSONANT TOPOLOGY
The main problem regarding LC resonant converter
in a low voltage cannot regulate the output voltage. Can
optimize performance at one operating point, but not with
wide range of input voltage and load power variations.
Significance currents may circulate through the tank
elements, even when the load is disconnected, leading to
poor efficiency at light load. Quasi-sinusoidal waveforms
exhibit higher peak values than equivalent rectangular
waveforms. These consideration lead to increased
conduction losses, which can offset the reduction in
switching loss. Resonant converters are usually controlled
by variation of switching frequencies can be very large.
The junction capacitances of the output rectifier
are considered in parallel with diodes. According to Fig. 2
the parallel resonant capacitor in the transformer secondary
side can integrate parasitic capacitances into the resonant
circuit. Since there is no inductor at the output of the
converter, in the off-state interval of the output rectifier, Ct
is disconnected from the output filter, charged and
discharged. There are four states for the output rectifier in
each switching period, and all of them are illustrated in
Fig.2.
The charging algorithm used in the method is complex
therefore circuit also complex. Charges should not work
under the different loading condition such as constant
current, constant voltage and no load but also regulate in
wider range. Operating frequency increases its signal are
able to carry more data so, if the operating frequency is
low it can able to carry some data. It effect the output of
L3C2 resonant converter can produce only 400V DC.
Batteries cannot used for long times and number of
charging time is increased. Through this way life of the
battery is decreased.
ISSN: 2349-2503
the Ac voltage into dc voltage. Fig. (2), shows the LC
resonant converter with non-ideal transformer.
In a transformer each leakage induce are used in
primary and secondary side due to this it reduces the
leakage induces (Lip and Luks).winding capacitance is used in
the receiving side for store current for the winding. Cap is
control voltage in the receiving side. The junction
capacitances of the output rectifier are considered in
parallel with diodes. According Fig. (3), the parallel
resonant capacitor in the transformer secondary side can
integrate parasitic capacitances into the resonant circuit.
Since there is no inductor at the output of the converter, in
the off-state interval of the output rectifier, Ct is
disconnected from the output filter, charged and
discharged. There are four states for the output rectifier in
each switching period, and all of them are illustrated in fig
(2) .
4. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF L3C2 RESONANT
CONVERTER
Fig(3) Block Diagram of L3C2 Resonant converter
Fig (2) Circuit Diagram of L3C2 resonant converter
A 230 v ac is given to the input. In a transmitting
side two MOSFET are used for reducing the gate pulses
and oscillations .To parallel this two MOSFETs are placed
,it act as filtering purposes and also it store current. The
inductance control the current and passes to the receiving
side. By using coupling transformer current from the
transmitting side transferred to the receiving side .In a
receiving side full wave bridge rectifier are used to convert
In an existing system model give the single
output and low efficiency. The output of the ac supply
produce some ripple, to remove this ripple filters are used
(L, C).Resonant power converters used in electric vehicles
work under different loading conditions to operate from
zero output power to maximum power output. Not possible
to decrease the output voltage by increasing the switching
frequency. Resonant converter used in soft transitions
resulted in giving low efficiency, less reliability and more
high noise operation
Ac supply is given to the input. For a designing of a
battery dc voltage is required.so rectifier is introduced to
convert the ac voltage into dc voltage. Pic controller are
used to generate the gate pulses, for this separate 5 v dc
voltage is placed. Through the driver circuit gate pulses are
fall into the ZCS quasi resonant converter. In a driver circuit
opt coupler and isolation amplifier are contain. The purpose
of the isolation is eliminate the fault current. Opt coupler
couple the two circuit. By using the ZCS Quasi resonant
converter, multiple dc voltage is produced. Battery life can
be produced and ageing of devices can be reduced
producing increased efficiency of about 93 parentage. Wide
IJREE - International Journal of Research in Electrical Engineering
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 2016
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IJREE - International Journal of Research in Electrical Engineering
switching frequency regulate the output voltage under
loading and non-loading conditions without employing the
burst mode.
5. MULTI-RESONANT ZCS QUASI
CONVERTER
ISSN: 2349-2503
Fig. (4.b), shows the circuit diagram of ZCS quasi
resonant converter. The inductor current never reaches
the zero and the transistor cannot switch off at zero
current, if requirement is violated. The resonant switch
operate with zero current switching only for load current
less than the above the value.
I2<V/R
6. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
In the performance analysis the simulated output
results are obtained using the version of MATLAB
2010A.The simulation of the L3C2 quasi resonant
converter give 70-80 percentage result. The maximum
operating frequency is limited. Regulation is lost in low
output voltage. Generally resonant converters are soft
switching it reducing the switching losses. In an existing
system model more number of switches are using there
by losses also increased.
Fig(4.a) Block diagram of ZCS quasi resonant converter
A DC input voltage is given to the inductor filter
to remove the harmonics. Then the output of the filter is
given to the MOSFET. When MOSFET is switched on the
diode D1 conducts in forward biased condition. The
produced current has the presence of ripples. To remove the
ripples the current is sent to second inductor to remove
produced ripples. The capacitor is used for controlling the
generated voltage and the resistor is used for controlling the
generated current across the load.
Fig(5) Simulation output of L3C2 resonant converter
ZCS quasi resonant converter help the switching
network to on-off at zero current.it can achieve very low
switching loss thus enabling the resonant topology to work
with a high switching frequency. ZCS quasi resonant
converter are driven with constant pulse duration at a
variable frequency to maintain control over output voltage.
At zero current switching the pulse duration is required to
be equal to half of the time of resonant period
In order to analysis and compare the performance of
designed resonant converter, software simulation have been
employed to extract the voltage gins under load conditions.
During the turn off transition the reverse recovery current of
output rectifier diodes leads to high voltage peak across
output diodes and as a result, diodes with more withstand
voltage should be selected, which means more conduction
Fig (4.b) Circuit diagram of ZCS quasi resonant
converter
IJREE - International Journal of Research in Electrical Engineering
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 2016
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ISSN: 2349-2503
IJREE - International Journal of Research in Electrical Engineering
losses. For output rectifier diodes ZCS is provided and
voltage peak is eliminated.
battery cannot increased .Due to overcharging of the battery
life cycle is decreased and devices are ageing.
TABLE I
COMPONENTS OF RESONANT CONVERTER
Components
Part number
Inverter
MOSFET
Ixfx64N60
600VDC,64A
SeriesResonant Cap.
SeriesResonant Ind.
Film Cap.
10Nf,2000VDC
3F3
***
3F3
***
Film Cap.
10Nf,1000VDC
Rectifier Diode
MBR40250
250VDC,40VDC
Output Cap.
Film
1.5Nf,250VDC
Parallel
Resonant Cap.
Fig(6) Simulation output of ZCS quasi resonant
converter
7. COMPARISON OF THE L3C2 AND ZCS QUASI
AS A BATTERY CHARGER
From the both simulation output give the soft switching,
it reduces the switching losses. The L3C2 resonant
converter produces more switching losses compare to ZCS
quasi resonant converter. The L3C2 resonant converter give
only 70-80 percentage efficiency but, the ZCS quasi
resonant converter give more efficiency than L3C2 is about
93 percentage. Battery charger must able to respond to
different modes of charger algorithms and it cover almost
all plane. In a L3C2 resonant converter, the output voltage
cannot decreases by increasing the switching frequency.
The switching frequency is the maximum possible number
of switching operations per second. Switching frequency
have the capability to reduce the gate pulses. Because, the
switching frequency have maximum speed to sense the
pulses.
The switching frequency is dependent on target
size, target speed and switch type. Resonant converter used
in soft transitions resulted in giving low efficiency, less
reliability and more high noise operation of the charger. In a
ZCS quasi resonant converter give wide switching
frequency than the L3C2 resonant converter. The operating
frequency is not limited in a ZCS quasi resonant converter.
Operating frequency increases its signal are able to carry
more data. By using L3C2 resonant converter, the life of the
Rating
TABLE II
TOOLS USED IN THE SOFTWARE AND
HARDWARE
Compone
nts
L3C2
Quant
ity
ZCS
Quant
ity
MOSFET
IXFX64N
60
2
IRFP
250
1
Inductor
13uH
1
63uH
1
Capacitor
10nF
9
10nF
1
MBR
40250
6
MBR
40250
2
Diode
In a proposed system model system less number of
components are used and it give higher efficiency than
L3C2 resonant converter
8. CONCLUSION
This paper introduced the multi-resonant ZCS quasi
converter topology as a power converter that can regulate
the output voltage in a wide range, from zero voltage
current to the maximum output power, without using burst
mode operation thereby increasing the life of the batteries.
Due to wide output voltage regulation, the proposed
resonant converter can respond to charge batteries for high
IJREE - International Journal of Research in Electrical Engineering
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 2016
www.researchscript.com
Normalized f
35
IJREE - International Journal of Research in Electrical Engineering
switching frequencies in real time applications. Thus the LC
Resonant converters used in the existing system model used
a burst mode of operation with low switching frequencies
are overcome by the ZCS quasi resonant converters .ZCS
quasi resonant converter are used to produce free ripple
charging current for the rechargeable battery chargers.
ISSN: 2349-2503
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Fig(7) Result
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Volume: 03 Issue: 02 2016
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