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WINTER 2013
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Editorial
New regulatory changes may impact
LED lamps and luminaires
There are changes coming to the US Department of Energy (DOE) Lighting Facts program
that could lower the cost of LED-based lighting products, while California plans to heighten
performance requirements on LED-based retrofit lamps. Whether you are a lighting designer/specifier or work for a lighting company, both solid-state lighting (SSL)-centric regulatory changes may impact you, although in the case of the California action not necessarily in
a positive manner.
At the Strategies in Light (SIL) conference, the DOE revealed that it will lessen the burden on lighting manufacturers seeking to have multiple related luminaires in a product family listed in the program (www.illuminationinfocus.com/news/4/2/7). To date, manufacturers
have had to test every product to the LM-79 standard to have the product listed – even when a
series of products have relatively minor differences such as a range of lumen output options.
Beginning in April, manufacturers will be able to test one
product in a related group of products, and calculate or extrapolate the performance specifications for the others. The change will
greatly lessen the testing costs that lighting manufacturers now
face, and should pave the way for lower-cost products.
I find it hard to find fault with the plan. The DOE will randomly
perform a verification test on products bought on the commercial
market. Manufacturers selected for a random test will have to pay
for that test, but overall the manufacturers will spend far less money on testing. Only lighting
companies with a clean Lighting Facts track record can participate. So I expect that the benefits
of Lighting Facts – reliable data on the capabilities of a product – will be preserved.
I don’t know that I feel so good about the actions of the California Energy Commission (CEC). The agency has quietly launched a voluntary plan that establishes a more strict
set of performance requirements for LED-based bulbs (www.illuminationinfocus.com/
news/4/2/13). “Voluntary” is in the title and is technically accurate although maybe not prac________
tically so. The CEC will ensure that major California utilities only provide rebates that comply with the new standards – that exceed Energy Star requirements in some areas.
For example, the specification requires a CCT of 2700K or 3000K for LED lamps. But
there is solid science that documents applications where a cooler CCT might enhance productivity or wellbeing.
The new specification will also require a CRI of 90. There are many applications that need
such high CRI, but many that don’t as well. Moreover higher CRI universally means less-efficient
lighting — going from a CRI of 80 to a CRI of 90 results in a 20% reduction in lumens per watt.
I’m worried that the CEC action might ultimately slow the adoption of energy-efficient
SSL products, or at least lessen the positive impact that the ongoing transition to the technology is having on energy usage. And the impact can go beyond California as the state’s actions
have in the past led to broader regulatory changes in the US and as lighting manufacturers
seek to develop a single product for sale across the country. ⊡
The ups
and downs
of regulatory
changes
Maury Wright, Editor
mauryw@pennwell.com
Illumination In Focus
www.illuminationinfocus.com
WINTER 2013
1
contents | features
4
20
10
8 | CONFERENCE PRE VIE W
12 | MARKE TS
20 | PHOSPHORS
Lightfair presentations span
the Lowline to a networked
future Keynote presentations on the
Strategies Unlimited projects
12% CAGR for LED lighting
through 2017 At the Strategies in
Remote phosphor brings
higher efficacy to area
lighting Remote phosphor
New York Lowline project, and Vinod
Light conference, Vrinda Bhandarkar
technology can reduce the number
Khosla’s vision of the future of lighting
reported the penetration of LEDs into
of LEDs needed in area lighting
will bookend the Lightfair International
lighting and projected total revenue
while improving efficacy and light
conference, and LED-based products
above $20 billion in 2017. Maury Wright
quality, and lowering system costs.
Stuart Woodrow, Intematix
will again dominate the exhibit floor.
Maury Wright
10 | COVER STORY
2
14 | AWARDS
Outdoor NGL competition
highlights 53 LED
luminaires The DOE, IESNA,
24 | COGNITIVE LIGHTING
Iconic Petty Garage installs
90-CRI LED lighting Efficient
and IALD used the Strategies in Light
Intelligent sensors enable
lighting to be aware and
respond to the environment
LED-based lighting highlights color
conference as a stage to announce
The next wave of cognitive lighting
and detail of high-end hot rods in
the first outdoor winners in the Next
systems will use the abundance of
Richard Petty’s North Carolina garage.
Generation Luminaires program since
data available from distributed light
Maury Wright
2010. Julie MacShane
sensors. Sajol Ghoshal, AMS
WINTER 2013
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
14
cover story | 10
LED lighting in the Petty Garage
make the car colors pop,
eliminate shadows and glare,
and minimize maintenance.
WINTER 2013
VOLUME 2 ISSUE 1
A PennWell Publication
departments | columns
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Christine Shaw
& PUBLISHING DIRECTOR cshaw@pennwell.com
EDITOR Maury Wright
EDITORIAL 1
mauryw@pennwell.com
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Nicole Pelletier
nicolep@pennwell.com
New regulatory changes may impact
LED lamps and luminaires
MAURY WRIGHT
LIGHTBEAT 4
Cree and Philips drive LED
lamp price toward $10
Precision-Paragon lights tennis
facility with fluorescents
Osram Sylvania announces
new LED products at SIL
CONTRIBUTING
EDITOR
CONTRIBUTING
EDITOR
MARKETING MANAGER
PRESENTATION MANAGER
PRODUCTION DIRECTOR
SENIOR ILLUSTRATOR
AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT
Julie MacShane
juliemacshane33@gmail.com
Tim Whitaker
twhitaker@pennwell.com
Jennifer Landry
Meg Fuschetti
Mari Rodriguez
Christopher Hipp
Debbie Bouley
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(US EAST COAST) kellyb@pennwell.com
Tel. +1 603 891 9186
Tempo releases new
Creszendo sconces
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Tel: +852 2838 6298
TRENDING
Lithonia LED fixtures aim at indoor and
outdoor ceilings LED luminaires from Lithonia
are intended for general-purpose, indoor
ambient LED lighting, and for outdoor ceilingmounted applications such as parking garages.
www.illuminationinfocus.com/news/4/2/15
Osram Sylvania publishes annual
lighting socket survey The newly
released 5th-annual Sylvania Socket Survey
SALES MANAGER Diana Wei
(TAIWAN) diana@arco.com.tw
Tel: 886-2-2396-5128 ext:270
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reveals an increased awareness of lightingcentric, energy-saving initiatives and a
drop in the number of US residents with
incandescent lighting in their homes.
www.illuminationinfocus.com/news/4/2/9
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www.illuminationinfocus.com
lightbeat
RETROFIT LAMPS
Cree and Philips
drive LED lamp
price toward $10
Cree delivers omni-directional 60W-equivalent lamp for $13 while Philips Lighting offers
a $15 A-lamp in a snow-cone-style design. Cree also offers
a 40W-equivalent product just under $10. Clearly 2013 will
see solid-state lighting (SSL) replacements for 60W incandescents go below $10.
The Cree LED bulb family comes to market with three
product options – a 6W 450-lm 2700K lamp for $9.97, a 9W
800-lm 5000K lamp for $13.97, and a 9.5W 800-lm 2700K
lamp for $12.97. The omni-directional designs all have a
CRI of 80 and support dimming with legacy triac-based and
other phase-cut dimmers.
The Cree design looks very much like a traditional incandescent bulb, as you can see in the above photo. There
is a heat sink located at the base of the lamps, although
it’s white and not obtrusive in any way. The dome of the
lamp is made of glass, which Cree says offers better light
transmission than the plastic globes broadly used in LEDbased retrofit lamps. The glass is covered with a thin layer
of silicone that presumably is present to protect the glass.
Cree said that the lamp is undergoing the Energy
Star certification process at this time, but it expects
approval. Still, a spokesperson said, “We expect to be
qualified, but we’re proud to offer the bulb at a price
point that makes sense and pays for itself even without
rebates.”
4
WINTER 2013
To meet Energy Star guidelines, an
omni-directional lamp must uniformly
radiate light. Based on a purely unscientific
evaluation, the Cree lamp seems to spread
the beam very well. The lamp has a noticeably darker spot at the top of the globe when
lit. But if you place a reflective sheet above
the lamp, the light appears extremely uniform. And in a lamp
shade, the lamp also provides
excellent light distribution
down on a table surface.
“The Cree LED light bulb
was designed to offer consumers a no-compromise lighting
experience at a compelling
price,” said Chuck Swoboda,
Cree chairman and CEO. “Over
the last couple of years, we
recognized that the consumer
is instrumental in the adoption
of LED lighting, but we needed to give
them a reason to switch. We believe this breakthrough LED bulb will, for the first time, give consumers a
reason to upgrade the billions of energy-wasting light bulbs.”
Initially, the lamp will be available at Home Depot with
wider distribution planned for later in the year. Cree said
that if customers replace the five most-used light bulbs in
their home with the new LED lamps, that on average they
will save $61 per year on energy. That makes the payback
on the lamps at just over a year.
Philips, meanwhile, quietly brought its $15 lamp to
market without any major publicity push. Late last year, the
www.illuminationinfocus.com Illumination In Focus
SPORTS LIGHTING
company had introduced 60W-equivalent
lamps that were white in the off-state yet
were still shaped like the remote-phosphor-based lamps that have been among
the market leaders (www.illumination
infocus.com/news/3/12/1). Those products were priced at $25. The new Philips
10.5W A-lamp is priced at $14.97 and
features a traditional round globe.
The Philips lamp outputs 800 lm at
a CCT of 3000K. The lamp looks largely
like a traditional incandescent bulb,
although what would be the lower half
of the bulb is actually not transmissive,
meaning the lamp only emits light in the
upper hemisphere. However, there is no
evident heat sink – just a smooth white
surface on the lower half of the lamp.
Philips Lighting CEO Ed Crawford
said the goal of the new design was to
make the product affordable without
utility rebates. Philips cut the cost by not
including dimming support. Crawford
said only one in 10 installed light bulbs
are connected to a dimmer.
Crawford was also bold in discussing coming products from Philips. He
said that the company has a $9.97 product coming this year and that the next
product could be an evolution of the $15
product or a new architecture.
Both the Cree and Philips lamps
should offer consumers long installed
life times. Cree rates their lamps for
25,000 hours and is backing the products with a 10-year warranty. Philips’
new lamp is rated for 20,000 hours,
which the company says translates to
more than 18 years in a typical usage
scenario. ⊡
Illumination In Focus www.illuminationinfocus.com
Precision-Paragon lights tennis
facility with fluorescents
Precision-Paragon (P2) has supplied new fluorescent lighting for a retrofit
of the Wheaton Sport Center indoor tennis facility near Chicago, IL. Tenlamp T5HO (high output) high-bay fixtures replaced 1000W metal-halide
(MH) fixtures, cutting energy use by about half and resulting in better
visibility for the tennis players. Moreover, occupancy sensors control the
lights to ensure that the lights are off when a court is not in use.
P2 had to create a custom version of its HFX high-bay fluorescent
fixture for use in the tennis center. The fixtures are
essentially mounted upside down so that the lamps
radiate in an indirect fashion onto the ceiling with
uniform light reflected down to court level.
P2 outside sales
representative Randy
before
Breske said, “There
is no one-size-fits-all
solution.” Indeed, the
tennis center had
long struggled with
uniform illumination
on the courts, according to Peter Rimbos, a
national account sales after
representative for Facility Solutions Group – the distributor that supplied the fixtures. Breske
added, “Addressing the lighting issues inherent to indoor tennis facilities
requires a focused discipline in the creation of a custom-designed fixture.”
The existing MH lamps were problematic. The lighting required
frequent maintenance to replace lamps or service ballasts. The new lighting is rated for 40,000 hours with 5% lumen depreciation over that period,
whereas the HK lighting was rated for 20,000 hours with 30% lumen
depreciation.
The project has resulted in noticeably better lighting, and was
handled one court at a time, so the other courts were open. During the
installation, Karla Butler, Wheaton Sport Center sales and marketing
director, said that club members “all wanted to play on the courts with
the new lighting.” The light levels were increased 32% on average. ⊡
More: www.illuminationinfocus.com/news/4/2/11
WINTER 2013
5
D OW N L I G H T S
Osram Sylvania announces
new LED products at SIL
At the Strategies in Light (SIL) 2013 conference in Santa
Clara, CA, Osram Sylvania announced a number of new
LED-based lighting products including the Sylvania Ultra
LED Lightdisk solid-state lighting (SSL) downlight and the
PermaLED Low Profile LED Canopy luminaire.
The Ultra LED Lightdisk is a downlight kit that can be
installed in new construction or used in a retrofit scenario.
The kit can fit in most 4-, 5-, and 6-in housings or can be
surface-mounted to a junction box.
Sylvania says that the product delivers as much as 87%
energy savings while providing equivalent light output to 100W
incandescent lamps. The 3000K CCT product features a CRI of
82 and outputs a 120° beam angle. The target market includes
hospitality, healthcare, and retail applications, among others.
The new PermaLED canopy luminaire delivers on the
low-profile claim that’s implicit in the full product name. The
2.7-in-high design is easily mounted in entryways, stairwells,
and parking garages. Sylvania said that the luminaires can
effectively replace 175W HID lighting while delivering up to
74% energy savings.
The offering includes 42W and 54W models that can be
powered over the universal input voltage range of 120–277
VAC. Sylvania rates the products for 70,000 hours of life to
70% of initial lumen output (L70). The products are also
backed by a five-year warranty and come with UL 1310, UL
48 Class 2, and ETL certifications.
More: www.illuminationinfocus.com/news/4/2/1
SCALABLE FIXTURES
Tempo releases
new Creszendo
sconces
Tempo Industries has introduced the new
Creszendo line of scalable LED-based wallmount luminaires. The luminaires are designed
for aesthetics as well as functional, consistent
lighting. Creszendo’s scalability allows lighting
designers and specifiers to customize size and
light output as required by the size, scale, and
space of the application.
The new Creszendo luminaires are wall sconces that can be specified in length ranging from 9 to
63 in, in 6-in increments. The electronic low-voltage
(ELV) fixtures are dimmable down to 1%. The lumi-
6
WINTER 2013
naires provide light output from 147 lm for the 9-in
model up to more than 2100 lm for the high-output
63-in fixture. Tempo offers the family with CCT of
2200K, 2700K, and 3500K.
Tempo offers a choice of 80-mA or 150-mA drive
currents for the luminaires with the latter being the
high-output models. Typical efficacy is 34 lm/W.
“The Creszendo was inspired by the expressed
desire of our customers for an attractive and
functional solution that could be readily scaled
and configured to a variety of uses within a single
property,” said Terrence Walsh, president of Tempo
Industries. “Due to the requirement of smooth
dimming to very low levels in many commercial
sconce applications, current solutions are almost
exclusively incandescent, which operate at very
low efficiency and require frequent re-lamping.”
More: www.illuminationinfocus.com/news/4/2/2
www.illuminationinfocus.com Illumination In Focus
_______________________
Preview
Keynote
presentations on
the New York
Lowline project and
on Vinod Khosla’s
vision of the future
of lighting will
bookend the
Lightfair
International
conference, and
LED-based
products will again
dominate the
exhibit floor.
Cree Lighting will showcase its
latest LED troffers, the AR Series,
at LFI. The products spread
light uniformly via a reflecting
chamber and optics while
providing more light through
a separate center-line optic –
delivering direct/indirect-like
performance in a recessed fixture.
8
WINTER 2013
Lightfair
presentations span
the Lowline to a
networked future
The 2013 rendition of Lightfair International (LFI) is around the corner,
scheduled for April 21–25 in Philadelphia, PA. The two keynote presentations will feature renowned tech-industry executive and venture capitalist
Vinod Khosla discussing how lighting and controls fit into the cleantech
revolution and lighting designer James
Ramsey detailing the underground
Lowline project created in New York.
Five days of workshops, Lightfair Institute courses, and seminars will cover
topics ranging from roadway lighting
to controls to daylighting. The
exhibit floor will host more
than 500 companies
ranging from startups to stalwarts,
where LEDbased solidstate lighting
(SSL) will be the predominant theme.
Cooper Lighting will sponsor the
Monday Ramsey keynote, where he
will discuss the Imagining the Lowline (www.illuminationinfocus.com/
news/3/9/4) project that was hosted last
_______
September in a New York City warehouse, but that was intended to illustrate
the potential for lighting underground
spaces for public use in urban areas.
Ramsey was the co-founder and creator
of the project, and he invented a skylight that can deliver natural light underground using a complex optical design. The team hopes to ultimately build
a much larger area into a real subterranean public park.
The Khosla keynote on Wednesday will take place in the expanded section of Lightfair to be held in Hall F on
the 100 level of the Philadelphia Convention center. Hall F will host exhibits along with the LFI Spotlight Lounge
where Khosla’s keynote will take place.
At other times, the lounge will play host
to exhibitor presentations and industry
panel discussions.
Khosla is a long-time technology-industry player who was a co-founder and
the CEO of Sun Microsystems before
becoming a successful venture capitalist that is now focused on the cleantech
sector. He will discuss opportunities
for innovations in lighting including the
concept of every light source having an
Internet Protocol (IP) address with operation based on the principles of artificial
intelligence and machine learning.
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
The other educational opportunities for LFI 2013 are based on a new
track system that was designed to simplify the process for attendees planning
their schedule. Tracks include Commissioning; Controls & Strategies; Daylighting; Design Tools; Electric Sources &
Gear Technology; Energy, Environment
& Sustainability; Exterior & Roadway
Lighting; Human Factors In Lighting;
and Integrated Design Process.
The Daylighting Track is receiving
special emphasis this year as more and
more regulatory agencies require elements of daylighting in all business
lighting installations. The technology
both saves a tremendous amount of energy, and therefore money, and exposes
workers to natural light that can increase productivity.
The track will feature full-day Lightfair Institute Courses on “Daylighting
Fundamentals” and an “Interactive Daylighting Charrette” on Sunday and Monday, respectively. On Monday afternoon,
Illumination In Focus
there is an Institute
Workshop on “Daylight
Performance Metrics”
that will include presentation of data from actual installations. On
Wednesday morning,
there is a workshop on
“Daylighting in High Performance Schools”. One-hour seminars are spread throughout the program,
covering topics ranging from simulations
of the impact of daylighting in different
weather scenarios to the use of adaptive
controls in a daylighting scenario.
The Controls & Strategies Track is another one that will be both popular and
timely given that adaptive controls are a
necessity in commercial buildings today.
Moreover, the combination of controls
and efficient light sources such as LEDs
compound energy savings.
The highlight of the track is a twoday Institute Course entitled “Lighting
Control Systems Hands-On Workshop”
that will take
place Sunday and
Monday. There
is an LED-specific seminar on
Wednesday that
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Direct/indirect fixtures will be
prominent at LFI because they
can provide both uniform ambient
light and light focused on a task
plane. Products such as Cooper’s
Corelite Jaylum pendant system
will be exhibited in a choice of LED
or fluorescent versions, and Cooper
also offers the option of integral
daylight and occupancy sensors.
will look at maximizing energy savings
in commercial building controls.
Controls-centric topics won’t be limited to indoor applications. There is a
seminar that will focus on controls for
exterior building lighting. And a Thursday-morning Workshop will examine
controls in roadway lighting. Indeed,
outdoor lighting combined with sensing
and dimming technology affords
Acuity’s Gotham
some of the greatest opportunities
brand will launch
for energy savings.
the new Incito LED
There are other special notewordownlight family
thy events. The Lightfair Institute
at LFI with a 4-in
Networking Luncheon is schedaperture and light
uled for 12:45 PM on Sunday, April
output ranging
from 500-2500 lm.
21. On Tuesday, the LFI Spotlight
The new luminaires Lounge will host a day-long exhiwill also support
bition of the LFI Innovation Award
adaptive controls
winners. There is an appreciabased on Acuity’s
tion lunch slated for the lounge on
Sensor Switch
Thursday.
⊡
technology.
WINTER 2013
9
High CRI Lighting
Iconic Petty Garage
installs 90-CRI
LED lighting
By Maury Wright
Efficient LED-based lighting
highlights color and detail of
high-end hot rods in Richard Petty’s
North Carolina garage.
Greenleaf Energy Solutions faced the
challenge of pleasing “The King,” NASCAR legend Richard Petty, in a relight
project at the Petty Garage in Randleman, NC. The task at hand was finding new lighting that would make the
car colors in the garage pop, eliminate
shadows and glare, and minimize maintenance. Ultimately Greenleaf installed
LED-based linear fixtures from Cree
that met the aforementioned criteria
plus gave a CRI of 90, delivered energy
savings, and received an endorsement
from Petty himself.
While Richard Petty is still involved
in racing, the Petty Garage is focused on
high-end restorations of older vehicles
and major enhancements of late-model
vehicles, including upgrades of engine
output to 600 or 800 horsepower. The
main garage serves both as a showroom and customer-delivery area where
Petty personally presents vehicles to
10
WINTER 2013
new owners and as the work area where
precision interior, engine, and exterior
work takes place.
Kevin Siebrecht, president of Greenleaf, admitted some anxiety at the onset of the project, saying, “This is the
Petty Garage.” Even small shadows can
be a problem for mechanics working
on precision engine parts or detailing
a finish. Ultimately, Greenleaf installed
more than 700 Cree fixtures in place
of older fluorescent lighting, including
CR24 recessed troffers in the main garage, suspended CS18 linear fixtures in
areas such as a stock room, and LR24
recessed fixtures in office areas. All use
Cree TrueWhite technology that among
other things guarantees the 90 CRI.
It’s the CR24 fixtures that face the
toughest challenge. Siebrecht said the
lights perform like indirect/direct fixtures despite the fact that they are recessed. The LEDs shine up into the
fixture from a mounting spot along
the linear centerline, and radiate in a
uniform pattern that eliminates shadowing at car level.
Petty was surprised at the results
even as the project was partially complete saying, “Once we put half the
building with these lights and half the
building with the old lights, everything was cut and dry.” Petty said the
new lights were far brighter and added,
“Once you get through with a car it’s like
a brand new shiny penny.”
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
High-CRI LED lights
make restorations and
late-model modified
vehicles sparkle.
Maintenance and warranty issues were
Siebrecht called the finished project
also a major consideration for Petty. The
“a museum-quality lighting solution” and
older fluorescent lamps were both inferior indeed there is talk of using some of the
in light quality and also required regular
space as a museum. Siebrecht added,
relamping—requiring workers to move
“Our typical retrofit until the last 12
cars and bring in a lift for maintenance.
months has been fluorescent or metal
Siebrecht said that Cree’s 10-yr warhalide.” The company is now finding that
ranty, and the fact that the products were
LED-based solid-state lighting can match
assembled in the US made the Petty orgaor exceed other sources in light quality
nization comfortable with the lighting that and provide energy savings.
was ultimately installed. And Petty doesn’t
For Petty, Siebrecht said that a reducexpect to perform any maintenance on
tion in energy cost was a good side benefit
the lighting for a very long time.
but not the primary goal. He added, “The
Illumination In Focus
www.illuminationinfocus.com
reduction in environmental impact was
more important to Petty than the dollars.”
Still the savings are substantial.
Greenleaf was able to reduce the number of fixtures in the 100-ft2 facility by
10% due to brighter LED sources. Combined, the fewer fixtures installed and
more-efficient sources have reduced energy usage by more than 50%. Now
Greenleaf is talking with Petty about installing Cree Edge and LEDway LED
lighting on the exterior of the facility and
in parking areas. ⊡
WINTER 2013
11
Markets
At the Strategies
in Light
conference,
Vrinda Bhandarkar
reported the
penetration of
LEDs into lighting
and projected
total revenue
above $20 billion
in 2017.
By Maury Wright
12
WINTER 2013
Strategies Unlimited
projects 12% CAGR
for LED lighting
through 2017
LED-based solid-state lighting (SSL)
grew significantly from 2011 to 2012, according to a Strategies in Light presentation, despite the fact that the period in
question was a down one for the lighting market overall. Vrinda Bhandarkar
(Fig. 1), director of research for LED
lighting at Strategies Unlimited, said
LED lighting revenue hit $14.5B (billion)
total in 2012 and is projected on a 12%
compound annual growth rate (CAGR)
path through 2017.
Bhandarkar segments the LED lighting
market into three major categories – retrofit lamps, luminaires, and “other”. The 2012
research marks the first time that Strategies Unlimited has reported on the catchall other category that includes everything
from toy lighting to specialty tubes sold
into refrigerated cases and signage.
Ironically, the retrofit-lamp segment
often gets the most attention, but is far
smaller than luminaires. Still, it was a
market with tremendous growth last
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
Revenue (US$ B)
year. Total revenue grew 22% from $2.12B to $2.58B. Japan
Replacement lamps
25
drove much of the market growth because of an energy criSafety & security
sis resulting from the tsunami in 2011 that created a demand
Consumer portable
surge for energy-efficient lighting. The $1.14B Japanese mar20
Residential
ket for LED lamps was more than double any other region,
and the US market totaled $371 million in 2012. ReplaceOff-Grid
ment lamps are on a 9% CAGR path through 2017, and just
15
Outdoor
before or about that time, the market will saturate because of
Industrial
the long life of LED lamps.
10
Commercial
The luminaire market looks quite different, with Europe,
North America, and China all in the $2.4B to $2.9B range, and
Retail display
the rest of the world accounting for $3.6 B. Total luminaire
5
Entertainment
revenue grew from $9.4B in 2011 to $11.8B in 2012.
Architectural
In 2012, the greatest growth came in
Source: Strategies Unlimited
0
the commercial luminaire segment at 72%.
’11 ’12 ’13 ’14 ’15 ’16 ’17
Fig. 1.
That is a bit surprising given that the most
Bhandarkar
Fig. 2. LED-based lighting projections broken down
prominent LED lighting projects over the
presents at
by application segment.
past few years have been in the outdoor segSIL.
ment, primarily in street lights.
Red/green
Despite the broad publicity in the street light segexit signs
Point of
ment, penetration is still clearly at a very low level
inflection
because the outdoor segment grew only 14%.
100
The new other category totaled $2.75B in 2012,
75
with no 2011 results for comparison. Moreover,
Market
Bhandarkar said that a miscellaneous segment
50 share
Residential
(%)
comprises the biggest portion of the other catereplacement lamps
outside Japan
gory at $1B. Adding the other category to lamps
25
and luminaires brings the total to the aforemen0
tioned $14.5B.
Innovators
Early
Early
Late
Laggards
2.5%
adopters majority
majority
16%
Fig. 2 shows a breakdown of LED lighting
13.5%
34%
34%
by segment including the actual 2011 and 2012
Fig. 3. Different LED lighting products are in far different spots
data and projections out through 2017. You see
along the adoption cycle.
segments such as consumer portable, i.e. flashlights,
staying relatively constant, meaning that the segment
is saturated.
adopters outside of Japan. Other segments fall at various
Indeed, Bhandarkar discussed the level of penetration and
spots along the curve.
the inevitable question as to whether LED-based lighting has
Also realize when you consider the data presented here,
hit a critical inflection point where more than 50% of the
that the revenue numbers are far different from the number
of products manufactured and sold. Prices are dropping rapsegment utilizes LEDs (Fig. 3). But as Bhandarkar pointed
idly. Thus, as we progress toward 2017, the revenue rise will
out, the market is extremely fragmented. You have products
be rather gentle, but the rise in volume of LED-based products
such as emergency and exit signs that are 100% based on
will be far steeper. ⊡
LEDs. But retrofit lamps are still just being bought by early
Illumination In Focus
www.illuminationinfocus.com
WINTER 2013
13
Awards
Outdoor NGL
competition highlights
53 LED luminaires
The DOE, IESNA, and IALD used
the Strategies in Light conference as
a stage to announce the first outdoor
winners in the Next Generation
Luminaires program since 2010.
Best
in class
fraqtir Outdoor Style S170
by The Lighting Quotient
The fraqtir S170 luminaire consists
of an extruded aluminum housing,
tempered glass lens, and stainless
steel hardware. The optics inside
use principles of refraction and
total internal reflection to produce
an asymmetric beam used for
Julie MacShane
illuminating surfaces uniformly from
On Feb. 14 at the 2013 Strategies in Light conference, the US Department of Energy
(DOE) announced the winners in the 2012 Outdoor Next Generation Luminaires (NGL)
competition for solid-state lighting (SSL) products. ኉ The competition recognized 37
commercial LED lighting products for excellence, including four Best in Class winners,
which earned the distinction for clearly exhibiting superior performance overall and
standing out in their respective categories. Three entries were also chosen
for special consideration because of the interesting form factors used in
their design. The innovative, energy-efficient products that were selected
demonstrated high lighting quality and consistency, glare control, serviceability, and value as determined by the 2012 judging panel. ኉ The DOE,
the Illumination Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), and the
International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD) jointly manage
the NGL competition, which promotes excellence in energy-efficient LED
commercial lighting. In 2012, the NGL competition was split into separate indoor and outdoor competitions with separate judging panels. The
judges of the outdoor competition assessed color quality, appropriate illuminance, light distribution, glare control, aesthetic appearance and style,
serviceability, value, and energy efficiency. ኉ The 2012 outdoor competition judging took place on November 4-6 at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, where 120 entries were installed and judged in realistic
roadway, parking-area, parking-garage, and exterior landscape and façade
scenarios. Here we feature the Best in Class luminaires, some of the Recognized products and three products Of Note. Full details and all of the
winners can be found at: http://www.ngldc.org/12/outdoor/winners.stm.
14
WINTER 2013
one edge and minimizing glare. It is
an IP66-rated luminaire with integral
driver and precision optics. Light
output is 751 lm at 18.1W (41.5
lm/W) with a CCT of 3108K and a
CRI of 86.
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
Evolve LED scalable
cobrahead by GE Lighting
The Evolve LED scalable cobrahead
roadway luminaire uses reflective
technology and an advanced optical design
to offer diverse photometric combinations.
Its Evolve light engine optimizes efficiency
and minimizes glare. The cobrahead
incorporates a robust heat sink directly in
the fixture. Options include reverse light
engines for desired light behind the pole.
Light output is 6289.4 lm at 80.3W (78.3
lm/W) with a CCT of 3900K and a CRI of 72.
Oxford by Relume Technologies
The Oxford decorative acorn luminaire is suitable for main streets, municipalities, and parking lots. It provides
uniform lighting while eliminating the LEDs’ points of light and has an adjustable uplight feature. The OXFORD
ring and fitter are made as an aluminum die cast and powder coated with a high-performance polyester resin
for a rugged finish. Light output is 2830.5 lm at 58W (48.78 lm/W) with a CCT of 4526K and a CRI of 75.
TV and Dial LED by
Edge Lighting
The TV LED wall sconce and the
Dial luminaire both use warmwhite LEDs. The TV has a satin
aluminum or white base and a clear
UV stable diffuser. The Dial model
can be used as a wall uplight or
downlight. Both fixtures are IP65
rated for outdoor and indoor use
and come with optional dimming.
The TV model has an output of 329
lm at 8W (41.4 lm/W) with a CCT of
2972K and a CRI of 85.
Illumination In Focus
www.illuminationinfocus.com
WINTER 2013
15
Recognized
Navion LED roadway luminaires
by Cooper Lighting
The Navion LED roadway luminaire family has heavy-duty cast
aluminum housings with a 3G vibration rating and IP66 rating. Tool-less
entry and a hinged removable power tray door allow for easy maintenance.
The Navion has five lumen packages and multiple optical distributions. Light
output is 7423 lm at 103W (72 lm/W) with a CCT of 3891K and a CRI of 65.
Evolve LED contemporary conical
post top by GE Lighting
The Evolve LED conical post top offers a structured
LED array for roadway, walkway, and campus light
distribution along with a modern, European look. The light
engine consists of nested concentric directional reflectors
designed to aim high-angle light directly below the fixture to
minimize shadows there. Light output is 4308.6 lm at 90.4W
(47.6 lm/W) with a CCT of 3925K and a CRI of 66.
Eon 303-B1 bollard
by Lumiere
The Eon 303-B1 LED bollard
Lumencove XT by Lumenpulse
is compact and low profile and
The Lumencove XT slender LED luminaire
provides full cut-off downlight via
comes in 1- to 4-foot sections for easy linear
a fixed head at a 2- or 3-ft height.
and radial layouts for exterior cove lighting
It comes with a universal input
and tight spaces. Diverse outputs, colors,
LED driver (120 to 277V, 50/60
color temperatures, mounting possibilities,
Hz). Dimming is achieved with a
and finishes are available. A dual-chamber
standard ELV, reverse phase driver.
design allows components and drivers
Light output is 1209 lm at 15.5W
to be replaced. The judges liked its light
(78 lm/W) with a CCT of 4000K
distribution and color. Light output is 1819
and a CRI of 85.
lm at 26.2W (69.5 lm/W) with a CCT of
3870K and a CRI of 84.
Arieta by Leotek Electronics USA Corp.
The Arieta is an LED area luminaire with a low profile and soft
corners that is designed to replace traditional HID shoebox-style
products. Micro-lens systems produce IES Type 2, 3, 4, or 5 distributions. The optical system provides a
sharp cutoff of high-angle brightness and produces no lumens above 90°. Light output is 23,056 lm at 246W
(93.7 lm/W) with a CCT of 4000K and a CRI of 76.
16
WINTER 2013
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
Cree THE EDGE LED
area light by Cree Inc.
With >20 optical distribution choices,
Cree’s THE EDGE high-output LED area
light reduces wasted light. Its thermal
management improves color quality
and performance at the source. The
luminaire offers a full color spectrum that
provides more realistic and distinctive
color renderings that can enhance safety
and contribute to a more consistent visual
experience. Light output is 20,450 lm at
279W (73.3 lm/W) with a CCT of 4000K
eW Graze MX
Powercore by Philips
Color Kinetics
and a CRI of 70.
eW Graze MX Powercore
linear LED lighting fixtures are
suitable for surface grazing
and wall-washing applications
and are available in eight color
temperatures, ranging from
warm to cool. The fixture
offers a low-profile housing,
connectorized cabling, and
direct line-voltage operation.
Custom lengths, beam angles,
and power consumption
levels produce many possible
configurations and light
distribution patterns. Light
output is 3316 lm at
60W (55.2 lm/W)
with a CCT of
4000K and a
CRI of 82.
Lumenbeam Small and LBX by Lumenpulse
The Lumenbeam Small is a compact 14W luminaire for lighting
landscapes, trees, columns, monuments, and architectural
details. The LBX is a 140W LED luminaire for lighting multi-story
facades and tall structures and is noted for its slim form factor.
Both luminaires can be configured for flood or accent lighting.
Dimming control via DMX, DALI, or 0-10 V is also available. For
the LBX model, Light output is 7982 lm at 134W (59.6 lm/W)
with a CCT of 3863K and a CRI of 78.
Illumination In Focus
www.illuminationinfocus.com
WINTER 2013
17
Recognized cont.
LGOOSE by RAB Lighting Inc.
This family of LED goosenecks, appropriate
for “Main Street” decorative lighting, is
customizable with different shades and arms.
The light can be aimed with an adjustable 45
degree swivel joint. The luminaire has a glarereducing frosted glass lens and a chip- and
fade-resistant polyester powder coat finish.
The housing is precision die-cast aluminum.
Light output is 643 lm at 15W (42.9 lm/W) with
a CCT of 4000K and a CRI of 87.
LytePro 16 by Stonco Lighting, a Philips Company
The LytePro 16 provides safety and security in residential and light
commercial areas such as entrances and along perimeters and
pathways. The Philips LEDGINE technology LED engine, containing 16
high-performance LEDs with an average rated life of 60,000 hours, has
individual optics for high uniformity and efficacy. Light output is 2507
lm at 36.5W (68.7 lm/W) with a CCT of 4135K and a CRI of 68.
D-Series
Floodlight:
Size 1 and 3 by
Lithonia Lighting
The D-Series Floodlights
use precision-molded
acrylic lenses engineered
for area lighting distribution,
uniformity, and pole
spacing. Light engines are
available in 3000K, 4000K,
or 5000K configurations.
Both are sleek, but the Size 1 is best for landscape, signage, and accent
lighting, while the Size 3 flood can be used for wallwash, security, and general
area lighting. For the Size 1 model, light output is 3330 lm at 39.9W (83.5
lm/W) with a CCT of 3945K and a CRI of 74.
18
WINTER 2013
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
Noted
Cylinder by G Lighting
The LED Cylinder sconce provides various
reflectors, lengths, and finishes to serve
diverse environments. The light source is
field replaceable, and the design maximizes
thermal resources for long life and energy
savings. The judges appreciated its color
quality and versatility, with interchangeable
lens options, including flat clear and Fresnel.
Light output is 1020 lm at 22.2W (45.9 lm/W)
with a CCT of 2975K and a CRI of 83.
Sole City by Philips
The SoleCity LED street and
area luminaire is appropriate for
residential areas or city streets
requiring medium intensity lighting.
Made of high-grade aluminum, the
bracket and luminaire create a
smooth design line. The LEDGINE
optical system is composed
of high performance acrylic
refractors lenses to achieve desired
distribution, maximum spacing,
target lumen, and lighting uniformity. Light output is 11,776 lm at
130W (90.6 lm/W) with a CCT of 4000K and a CRI of 75.
Aeroblades streetlights
by Cree
The Aeroblades LED area light is
suitable for both roadway and
pedestrian lighting. The luminaire
can be fine-tuned with NanoOptic
technology optical control and can
have a customizable number of blades.
The streetlight provides a contemporary
feel, enhances safety with bright, clean
illumination, and reduces spillover to
homes and businesses. Light output is
7392 lm at 94W (78.6 lm/W) with a CCT
PLED by RAB Lighting Inc.
of 4000K and a CRI of 70.
The PLED2X26 is a 52W pendantmounted LED downlight that comes
with 6, 12, and 18-inch mounting
stems that can be used for a variety
of mounting heights. The judges liked
the design as an alternative to the
typical rectangular or circular parking
garage luminaire. The PLED can be
used in both indoor and outdoor
applications. Light output is 3652 lm
at 59W (61.9 lm/W) with a CCT of
5100K and a CRI of 69.
Halo streetscape by Eleek
The Halo pedestrian outdoor LED
luminaire offers a circular, downlight
design and shines with lights pointed
outward at 5 degrees from vertical.
The luminaire, with a 100% recycled
head, can range in height from 12
to 16 feet and in a top diameter from
3 to almost 6 feet. The judges said
the luminaire design of the Halo
“incorporated particularly innovative form factors”. Light output is
4800 lm at 75.5W (63.5 lm/W) with a CCT of 3000K and a CRI of 80.
Illumination In Focus
www.illuminationinfocus.com
WINTER 2013
19
Phosphors
Remote phosphor
brings higher
efficacy to area
lighting
Remote phosphor
technology can
reduce the
number of LEDs
needed in area
lighting products
while improving
efficacy and light
quality, and
lowering system
costs, meaning
lighting designers
and specifiers
can more
easily justify
recommending
SSL products.
20
WINTER 2013
By Stuart Woodrow,
sales engineer, Intematix
For many years, area
lighting has been migrating to LED-based
solid-state lighting (SSL)
technology due to energy
savings and reduced maintenance. The new technology ofFig. 1. Horner’s
from state and local
fers a greater than 20% reducC-80 high bay
municipalities.
These
tion in energy consumption over
uses Intematix
luminaires typically
linear fluorescent systems and a
remote phosphor
to
improve
efficacy
use
from 50 to 200
more than 50% reduction over traand
lower
system
high power LEDs and
ditional high intensity discharge
costs.
project
an average of
systems, making the total cost of
15,000 to 40,000 lm
ownership (TCO) very attractive
onto
factory
floors,
warehouses, parking
to factory owners and local municipalities. Area lighting is now adopting a new garages, and outdoor roadways. The TCO
of these luminaires, including fixture
and differentiating technology using recosts as well as operating
mote phosphors, which improve system
and maintenance costs,
efficacy and lighting quality while simis the key advantage and
plifying the supply chain and lowering
systems costs. These benefits all contrib- selling point in this industry. Other features
ute to the lower TCO of the luminaires.
required are low glare, maxiArea lighting, a general group encommum efficacy and lumen output,
passing canopy, high- and low-bay-, and
and a high quality of light. In terms
outdoor parking lighting, is seeing the
of quality of light, typical applications
fastest rate of SSL system adoption due
require tight spectral control delivering
to the energy rebate incentives available
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
color consistency within 3 MacAdam
ellipses or SDCM (standard deviation of
color mixing), superior color over angle,
and high CRIs.
Remote phosphor benefits
Direct phosphor-converted LEDs have
the phosphor material in direct contact with the LED chip, which results
in package-related photon losses due
to scattering and reabsorption. The
phosphor heats up during the blue-towhite conversion process, adding additional heat load to the LED and raising
the overall temperature of the subsystem. This decreases reliability, increases
color shift over time, and reduces lifetime to L70 (the point at which the luminaire produces only 70% of its initial lumen putput).
Alternatively, remote phosphor removes the heat away from the blue
LED, resulting in a balanced and more
uniform thermal distribution at the
system level. The thermal advantage,
combined with the reduced scattering and reFig. 2. The Horner
absorption
A-200 street light
into the LED
was a recognized
chip, results
winner in the 2012
in a 15 to 20% Next Generation
Luminaires
competition.
Illumination In Focus
performance improvement at the system level. White LEDs often use diffusers to homogenize the white light
emission. Remote phosphor is a diffuse
Lambertian source, which eliminates
the need for a diffuser at the system
level. This amounts to another 10%
gain in optical efficiency, for an overall
30% gain in system efficacy.
Many companies are rapidly developing high-efficacy systems around remote phosphor, but Horner ETG, a division of Horner APG (Indianapolis, IN),
seems to be in the lead with an entire
product line based upon the technology. Horner has benefited from close
to 30% efficacy gains over traditional
white LEDs and has realized significant
cost savings due to the reduced number of required LEDs and materials for
the heat sink. Clay Warren, sales representative at Horner ETG contends, “The
total cost of ownership of our systems,
enabled by Intematix remote phosphor,
has allowed us to win some significant
contracts over some of the most established players in this market.”
Horner has also been able to simplify its supply chain by using only two
bins of royal blue LEDs and not having
to carefully select from the wide range of
white LEDs on the market. Horner now
offers the C-80 (formerly called Surpass)
high-bay products (Fig. 1) from 10,00040,000 lm for indoor warehouse applications as well as outdoor parking facilities at an attractive price point. Horner
also offers the A-200 street light (Fig. 2),
among other products based on remote phosphor, and the A-200 was announced by the US Department of Energy as a recognized winner in the 2012
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Next Generation Luminaires competition. See pg 14 for more information on
that competition.
Horner chose to use the ChromaLit
XT glass remote phosphor solution from
Intematix (Fremont, CA). Intematix is a
supplier of phosphors to the major LED
manufacturers worldwide and has been
a leading supplier of remote phosphor
solutions for the past three years. The
ChromaLit family includes optics made
of a variety of materials and in flat and
3-D shapes, all coated with phosphor.
Remote phosphors in high-bay and
area lighting can deliver a better quality
of light, selectable CCTs and CRIs, a simplified supply chain, a boost in efficacy
(lm/W), improved color over angle, and
lower overall system costs.
Royal blue LEDs trump white
Remote phosphors provide a quality
white light output when used in conjunction with royal blue LEDs at an average dominant wavelength input of 455
nm. The phosphors deposited on the
glass or polycarbonate substrate become
the light source with the LED providing
the energy. This high quality diffuse light
source is low glare and does not provide
the hot spots associated with white LEDs
in many luminaires. Suppliers of remote
phosphor technology can also guarantee very tight control over the output
and specify 3 SDCM distributions across
panels, resulting in superior luminaireto-luminaire consistency.
The key to efficacy improvement with
remote phosphor is the LED system’s
ability to recycle the blue photons that
would inevitably be lost in a white LED
system where the phosphor is deposited
WINTER 2013
21
directly onto the LED. As shown in Fig.
3, the mixing chamber design is critical to the performance increase as it allows the reflected photons to be recycled
and ultimately extracted through the
remote phosphor. This system also allows the LEDs to run cooler because the
heat transfer associated with the blueto-white conversion is removed from the
source. Luminaire designers are able to
save system costs by taking advantage
of the higher efficacy achieved in remote
phosphor systems. They can eliminate
LEDs and drive their LEDs harder or, alternatively, they can use smaller heat
sinks and save money on material costs.
Remote phosphor systems can be selected to meet CRIs required from the
70s up to the high 90s based upon the
application. This, combined with a simple CCT bin system, greatly simplifies
both the design process and the manufacturing supply chain. A common royal
blue LED fixture design can enable many
SKUs (stock keeping units) or models of
luminaires just by changing out the remote phosphor plate prior to shipping.
Most of the major LED manufacturers are now providing royal blue offerings in their portfolio, including Philips
Lumileds, Cree, and Osram Opto Semiconductors. Lower cost Asian suppliers,
such as Lumenmax, Lumens, and Refond are also entering this market. Royal
blue LEDs are now offered at a discount
to typical white LEDs as their volumes
are increasing and fewer steps are required in the manufacturing process.
Overall, the total system costs associated with remote phosphor are less than
those using traditional white LEDs. In
a recent test case, Intematix witnessed
a high-bay design requiring 7000 lm
in which engineers swapped out white
Lumileds Rebel ES LEDs and replaced
them with royal blue Rebel ES LEDs. The
22
WINTER 2013
engineers also improved the reflective
properties of the mixing chamber using white optical reflective materials. The
results were an astounding decrease in
number of LEDs from 60 to 28 that were
required to hit the target output, an increase in efficacy from 85 to 96 lm/W,
and a decrease in system cost from $74
to $58.
who used the Trucolor HS at the Wimbledon tennis tournament last summer,
commented on the Trucolor HS fixture:
“One of the challenges with LED fixtures
has always been intensity and color.
This fixture is actually significantly
brighter than the tungsten fixture it replaces, and both the color temperature
and color rendering index are excellent.”
Maximizes white
light extraction
Dissipates heat
· Reduces chip and heat sink temperature
· Increases efficacy
Remote phosphor
Reflective
mixing
chamber
Transparent
encapsulation
Recycles phosphor
converted light
directed
to interior
LED chip
Maximum
blue light extraction
Fig. 3. A typical remote phosphor system includes royal blue LEDs, a
mixing chamber, and remote phosphor panel, improving light extraction
and reducing heat in SSL designs.
Success stories
Remote-phosphor technology is also
emerging in other applications requiring
high lumen output. For example, Production Resource Group (PRG) is using
the technology in its products built for
broadcast-studio and cinematic lighting.
PRG announced the Trucolor HS product a year ago, and it was used in broadcast studios at the 2012 Olympic Games
in London. The 400W remote-phosphor
design delivers 20,000 lm — two times
the light output of a traditional 2000W
tungsten incandescent bulb.
Intematix developed custom remote
phosphor CCTs for the film and broadcast industry and was also able to produce CRIs in the high 90s to meet the
needs of PRG. Steve Brill, president of
the Lighting Design Group in New York
While we have focused on some specific high-output applications in this article, remote phosphor is being used in
all areas of general illumination including retrofit lamps, downlights, and undercabinet and decorative fixtures. But
the technology really showcases its value
in area lighting, where it can significantly reduce the number of LEDs required in the system. Lighting designers
are quickly finding the most effective way to achieve higher efficacy and
lower system costs is to utilize the benefits provided by remote phosphor. Area
lighting and systems with high lumen
requirements achieve optimal results,
but the value proposition is applicable
from 1000–4000 lm downlights up to
high bay and canopy luminaires requiring 40,000 lm and above. ⊡
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
Exhibition & Conference: August 14-15, 2013
Pre-Conference Workshops: August 13, 2013
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Strategies Unlimited
™
MARKET INTELLIGENCE
Cognitive
lighting
The next wave
of cognitive
lighting systems
will use the
abundance of
data available
from distributed
light sensors and
autonomously
adjust to save
energy and
enhance lighting
quality.
By Sajol Ghoshal,
director of the Sensor
Driven Lighting business,
ams
Intelligent
sensors enable
environmentally
aware and
responsive lighting
rebates and incentive programs for highefficiency retrofits and new installations.
Cutting energy use can take a bite
out of a building’s maintenance and
upkeep budget, which makes up approximately 80% percent of the overall
lifetime cost of the average building, according to some estimates. But how do
building owners and facility managers
change their current lighting systems? Is
there a way to make the light so intelligent that, in essence, it becomes similar
to the human eye and adjusts according
to the many light sources – and people –
in a room?
This is where cognitive lighting comes into play. It’s a unique approach that focuses on the light, not on
the power supply. The coming wave of
Environmental sustainability has become an increasingly important consideration in building design, construction,
and maintenance in recent years. According to the US Department of Energy,
worldwide energy consumption will
increase approximately 40% by 2035.
Lighting is a major consumer of energy,
but cognitive lighting combining intelligence, sensors, and energy-efficient
sources can actually reduce the amount
of energy spent on lighting.
The looming energy crisis has garnered the attention of governments
around the world, who are increasingly
implementing mandates to ensure the
reduction of energy consumption and
related greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, utility companies in the US offer
Daylight
Energy savings
Target light level
LED lighting level
12AM
24
WINTER 2013
8AM
12PM
6PM
12AM
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Fig. 1. Daylight
harvesting saves
energy while
maintaining a target
interior lighting level
to avoid keeping
lights on at full power.
Illumination In Focus
cognitive lighting will demand independent smart sensors that are environmentally aware in order to provide not
simply data on the surrounding environment, but answers on how best to respond, both to save energy and enhance
lighting quality.
Cognitive lighting
Just what do we mean by cognitive lighting? Lighting fixtures and systems available today are relatively un-intelligent
and require user input to adjust light lev-
enabling a new generation of lighting
controls that may be built directly into
replacement lamps and luminaires to
shift more of the interior lighting burden onto the available daylight.
In a facility with skylights, windows,
or sidelights, the available daylight varies according to time of day and weather
conditions, for example (Fig. 1). Areas
that get light from those sources don’t
necessarily need much artificial light – at
least not during the day – but areas farther from those sources do. The problem
Normalized spectral response of human eye and silicon
Normalized response (%)
100
80
Silicon
60
Photopic V (λ)
40
20
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
Wavelength (nm)
900
1000
1100
Fig. 2. Photopic response, mimicking the spectral response of human
vision, senses a narrower range of wavelengths than a silicon photodiode.
els to specific requirements. Unfortunately, this means keeping the lights on
most of the time and at the lights’ highest
intensity – irrespective if this is needed.
However, sensor-driven lighting
that is easy-to-use is key to adopting more optimized and energy efficient lighting. Ambient light sensors
combining photopic, human-like sensitivity with wide dynamic range are
Illumination In Focus
is in a large site with thousands of square
meters of space. In this case, managing
each fixture’s light output to compensate for the changing amounts of ambient light during the day is an enormous
challenge and impossible to do manually.
Some facility managers take advantage of daylight by using external daylight harvesting sensors that attach to
groups of lights. These after-market
www.illuminationinfocus.com
offerings can provide incremental energy reductions, but still leave substantial savings on the table and have a
number of performance issues that result in over- or under-lit areas and jarring jumps or drops in light levels.
The integrated sensor
A sensor built into the luminaire that
automatically responds to its environment – whether it’s concerning occupancy, available daylight, time of day, or
other variables – and delivers just the
right amount of light when and where it
is needed is the perfect solution for reducing energy consumption and costs.
Moreover, new silicon sensors from
companies such as ams closely mimic
the eye response (Fig. 2).
Rather than applying controls as
an afterthought, this built-in approach
maximizes energy efficiency.
With simple-to-use remote control
systems to change the target light levels,
the facility manager doesn’t need to get
up on a lift and adjust dipswitches on
sensors controlling 100+ fixtures. The
manager also doesn’t need to turn them
off in an unused part of the facility, dim
them 10 percent in another room, and
do nothing in an area that should not be
touched. By supplementing the working space with only the amount of light
needed to maintain a uniformly lit environment, tremendous energy savings
can be realized when compared to existing installations that do not respond to
changes in ambient light.
Putting light where the eye is and
providing local control means that more
light isn’t always needed or wanted.
WINTER 2013
25
Smarter lighting controls can save more
than 50% on energy, while providing
adequate lighting (Fig. 3).
Starting with the light
The key to developing new user friendly
lighting systems is to design them from
the standpoint of light and not the
power supply – from where most of today’s lighting is driven. System-on-chip
light sensor solutions provide a complete light sensing subsystem, including
conversion of analog readings to digital
data that can be transmitted over common microprocessor interfaces. This includes correction for any errors caused
by light flicker, on an integrated circuit
as small as 2-mm square, and is not
cost prohibitive. Additionally, sophisticated filtering automatically rejects
the 50-60 Hz ripple typically produced
by a building’s fluorescent lighting systems, enabling the sensed light levels to
more accurately measure the daylight
that is entering the building.
Being fully aware of the lit environment has benefits that extend beyond
energy savings. In integrated building
ZigBee
management and control systems, the
combination of proximity/motion and
light sensing provides an abundance of
data concerning the interior environment. Additionally, daylight sensing/harvesting combined with precise control
mechanisms enable the lighting system
to deliver not just the needed amount of
light, but also offers the ability to tune
the type of light to suit the activity and
users in a particular space.
Intelligent lighting market drivers
A recent report by Pike Research, “Intelligent Lighting Controls for Commercial Buildings,” outlines market drivers
for lighting controls, which are primarily through government energy reduction mandates:
t *O UIF 64UIF NBSLFU GPS MJHIUJOH DPOtrols in construction projects will
be driven by a new federal requirement that all states adopt building
codes that are at least as stringent as
the most recent American Society of
Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) building code (90.1-2010) by October 2013.
ZigBee
ZigBee
Daylighting
sensor
Daylighting
sensor
20%
30%
Daylighting
sensor
40%
Window
Daylight
ZigBee
ZigBee
70 FC
Daylighting
sensor
70 FC
Daylighting
sensor
20 FC
Fig. 3. Sensor-driven lighting adjustments maintain constant illumination
(70 foot candles on desks), while reducing output based on available
daylight.
26
WINTER 2013
That code requires automatic shutoff
and dimming in many space applications and will encourage numerous
construction projects to go further and
connect lighting systems to building
management systems.
t &VSPQFBOFOFSHZ UBSHFUT XJMM
drive adoption of lighting controls
BNPOH &6 NFNCFS TUBUFT"MM OFX
public buildings must have net-zero
energy consumption by 2019 and private buildings must follow suit two
years later. Intelligent lighting controls
will be a must to meet this strict target.
t $IJOBTth Five-Year Plan (20112015) sets strong targets for energy efficiency projects, including the city-wide
control of street lighting that is already
ramping up. A similar expansion to
building lighting control is expected.
Non-visual effects of light
We should also consider the non-visual
effects of light on humans when discussing cognitive lighting. Most commercial
buildings are illuminated by fluorescent
fixtures that provide artificial lighting
with a spectrum incompatible with natural light. New research in the area of color
science and health shows that human
health, well being, and productivity can
be improved through the use of natural
lighting. The research also conclude that
people who spend more time in natural
light rather than in artificial light have increased productivity and alertness.
There is evidence that there are
two separate functional pathways that
carry information about light to the
brain. The non-visual pathway leads
to the hypothalamus, the coordinator of many functions, including the release of many hormones. Melatonin is
among the best known of these; it is the
chemical signal that regulates circadian
rhythms and keeps them in synch with
www.illuminationinfocus.com
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Strategies Unlimited
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MARKET INTELLIGENCE
ALS sensor
Wired
connection
70%
Light
Light
Wireless
connection
30%
60%
Daylight
A
ALS
sensor
ALS sensor
40%
B
Fig. 4. Ambient light sensors form the basis of a lighting control system
using both wired and wireless communications.
environmental light. Melatonin is secreted in darkness and suppressed by
bright light.
Light serves to synchronize the human body bio-chemical clock. For instance, we have found that blue light
(465-nm wavelength) can reduce the
melatonin in our blood stream, making us more alert – this is what sunlight
produces from morning until afternoon.
However, as evening progresses, the intensity of the blue light in sunlight reduces with the increase in reds and
purples, thus enabling the increase in
melatonin that enables sleep and body
repair. The effect of light on melatonin,
alertness, and cognitive performance is
blue-shifted — a lamp with 6500K (cold
light) induces greater melatonin suppression and an enhanced alerting effect
than a lamp with 2500K (warm light).
Light directly influences the amount
of melatonin a person’s brain produces,
which indirectly affects alertness. With
lower melatonin, it’s not just sleep that
is affected; almost our entire metabolism, including immune responses, is
regulated in this way, and there is the
28
WINTER 2013
potential for more serious health effects.
Today’s office lighting is constant with
a high blue-shifted content, keeping
workers awake and alert, but impacting
the sleep cycle for those who work late or
focus on computer screens at home in the
evening (computer screens and flat-panel
TVs also deliver a high blue content).
LED lighting with tunable white light
enables us to have healthy, natural light
that can provide the required alertness with increased productivity in the
daytime, while adapting the circadian
rhythm to maintain healthy melatonin
levels in the evening for better health
and performance.
Autonomous light controls
Although previous smart lighting controls were always centralized, today’s
technology enables lights that think for
themselves. With ambient light sensors built into each lighting instrument,
on-the-spot decisions are made regarding how much ambient light is present. With low-cost and low-power wireless networking (such as ZigBee), or
wired networks, group intelligence
— semi-autonomous controls aware of
what the other is doing and able to selforganize the most efficient lighting plan
for each moment — and centralized control systems can be readily implemented
(Fig. 4). What is critical is a sensor system that connects to today’s existing
building management structure like Bacnet, KNX, and LONworks, for example.
Environmentally-aware, decisiondirected, multi-sensor networks and optimized light will enhance not only the
productivity of the built space, but also
worker and group productivity, as well
as increasing the health and wellbeing
of individuals.
A smart-sensor driven lighting system that is aware of the immediate
environment and broader operating concerns and is able to intelligently adapt to
user and facility requirements with autonomous local- or centralized-control is
critical to meet worldwide government
mandates to reduce energy consumption
and lessen greenhouse gas emissions.
This next wave of cognitive lighting systems will finally make use of the abundance of data available in the light and
autonomously adjust the built environment to enhance comfort, productivity,
safety and efficiency at the same time.
The demand for power around the
world continues to increase. It’s essential, therefore, to have light fixtures that
reduce consumption. Currently, all sensors and daylight harvesting systems are
driven by controls and power rather than
using light as the starting point. However,
looking at light differently and understanding that the future of lighting must
be fully adaptive is the only way to truly
lower energy consumption and costs. ⊡
SAJOL GHOSHAL (sajol.ghoshal@ams.com)
is the director of the Sensor Driven Lighting
business at ams .
www.illuminationinfocus.com
Illumination In Focus
19-21 November 2013 M.O.C. Event Centre, Munich, Germany www.sileurope.com
___________________
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