CRICKET OVAL AND PRACTICE WICKETS FLOODLIGHTING QUEENSLAND CRICKET TECHNICAL GUIDELINES Version: 1.0 Date: 9 February 2012 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 2 2. DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................... 3 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD CRICKET LIGHTING ...................................................... 3 4. STANDARDS AND CODES...................................................................................................... 4 5. SCOPE OF WORKS................................................................................................................ 5 6. REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................... 6 7. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................. 6 8. SPILL AND OBTRUSIVE LIGHTING .......................................................................................... 9 9. CALCULATION AND DESIGN INFORMATION........................................................................... 9 10. LIGHT MEASUREMENTS ..................................................................................................... 10 11. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 10 12. COMMISSIONING .............................................................................................................. 11 13. SUPPLIERS......................................................................................................................... 11 14. DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD ................................................................................................. 11 15. TYPICAL FLOODLIGHTING POLE CONFIGURATIONS .............................................................. 12 16. OBSERVER POSITIONS FOR GLARE CALCULATIONS FOR INFIELD/OUTFIELD OF CRICKET OVALS AND PRACTICE WICKETS. ................................................................................................................. 13 17. GENERAL CRICKET PLAYING FIELD INFORMATION................................................................ 14 18. FLOODLIGHTING INSTALLATION EXAMPLES ........................................................................ 15 19. CRICKET OVAL POLE HEIGHT GEOMETRY............................................................................. 19 20. CRICKET OVAL FLOODLIGHTING MEASUREMENT STATEMENT ‐:........................................... 20 Acknowledgements DMA Professional Engineers acknowledges the following persons as providing assistance, input and/or reviewing the following document ‐: Graham Dixon ‐ Queensland Cricket. Eric Adams – Queensland Cricket. Judy Harris ‐ Queensland Cricket. Mark McLatchey ‐ Queensland Cricket. John Philp ‐ Queensland Cricket. Pam Toohey ‐ Queensland Cricket. Eric Hebron – Eric Hebron Architects. John Chivers – DMA Professional Engineers. Majdi Hawari ‐ DMA Professional Engineers. Andrew Nagy – Gerard Lighting Australia. 1. INTRODUCTION This document is intended to be used as a performance guide for outdoor non‐televised floodlighting for cricket ovals and practice wickets for clubs affiliated with Queensland Cricket. These Floodlighting Guidelines have been written in the absence of a specific Australian Standard code for non‐televised cricket floodlighting in Australia and is based on European Standard EN 12193: Light and Lighting – Sports Lighting. The requirements of EN 12193 shall be considered as they relate to Australian conditions and as varied by these guidelines. The guidelines are not intended for use for lighting for televised cricket. Reference should be made to Free TV Australia Operational Practice OP‐31 and CIE 169 where televised lighting is to be incorporated. These guidelines are not intended for use as a construction specification. In addition to these guidelines negotiations, applications, and fees associated with local authorities including Local Government and Aviation Authorities and compliance with other standards and codes will need to be undertaken. It may be necessary for these guidelines to be read in conjunction with other sporting codes (eg Australian Football League Lighting Guidelines – V1.1 Sept 2010 and other football codes) if the installation is a multi‐sport premise. These guidelines are not intended to address the following ‐: Television lighting for cricket. Indoor cricket lighting. Spectator lighting. Emergency lighting. Associated building lighting. Any other sports code other than cricket. This document is subject to further ongoing lighting studies of cricket facilities and will be upgraded as required by Queensland Cricket as new research results are available and applicable. Further details regarding Club Assistance and Queensland Cricket Policies can be obtained from the Queensland Cricket Club Assist website at http://www.qldcricket.com.au/ . The intended user for this document needs to verify with their insurer and other authorities these guidelines are suitable for their particular circumstance. While every care has been taken in compiling these guidelines with reference to the available standards as specified above, Queensland Cricket accepts no liability for and disclaims any responsibility for any harm , damage, cost, expense or liability which a club or any other person may incur or suffer as a result of following or implementing these guidelines. Compliance with these guidelines does not relieve a club from ensuring that at all times and in accordance with its particular circumstances, the lighting systems at its grounds are installed and operated in such a way as to reduce as far as reasonably practicable the risk of injury to persons and damage to property which could otherwise reasonably foreseeably arise. These guidelines have been compiled by DMA Professional Engineers – Brisbane. (Contact John Chivers ‐ Phone 07‐38393050). Page 3 2. DEFINITIONS The following are definitions of frequently used terminology in these guidelines ‐: Glare: Condition of vision in which there is discomfort or a reduction in ability to see, or both, caused by an unsuitable distribution or range of luminance, or to extreme contrasts in the field of vision. (a) Disability glare: Glare that impairs the visibility of objects without necessarily causing discomfort. (b) Discomfort glare: Glare that causes discomfort without necessarily impairing the visibility of objects. Glare Rating: (GR) A numerical value on a scale of 0 to 100, determined in a specified manner, representing the degree of glare from a lighting system for given observer positions and viewing directions. Higher values correspond to greater glare from the lighting system. Refer CIE Publication 112. Initial Illuminance (Lux): The value of average illuminance which is initially provided by the lighting system. (i.e. new lamps aged to 100 hours ). Generally at this stage there is no lamp, visor or reflector depreciation. Maintenance Illuminance (Lux): (Ēm) The defined levels which the average illuminance on any surface is not allowed to fall. It is the minimum illuminance at which maintenance operations, such as replacing lamps and cleaning the luminaires are to be carried out. Obtrusive Light: Spill light which, because of quantitative, directional or spectral attributes in a given context, gives rise to annoyance, discomfort, distraction or a reduction in the ability to see. Uniformity Ratio: Uniformity is commonly expressed as the ratio of the minimum illuminance to the average illuminance and is generally a measure of the evenness of the illuminance. It is also common for uniformity to be expressed as minimum illuminance to the maximum illuminance. 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD CRICKET LIGHTING General sports lighting should be designed and installed so that the applicable visual tasks can be comfortably performed by both — 4 (a) the players and officials and (b) the spectators. The standard of lighting for cricket floodlighting will depend upon the quality as well as the quantity of lighting installed. The main factors determining the effectiveness of a cricket floodlighting system are ‐: (i) Suitable luminance and colour contrasts over the playing area in particular the ball, players, umpires and relevant background. (ii) Sufficient light at all parts of the field and throughout the flight of the ball. (iii) Correct distribution of light. (iv) Adequate glare control. (v) Control of spill lighting to adjacent areas and neighbours. The ball should be adequately illuminated at all times while in play. These cricket lighting guidelines specify requirements for the light level of the playing surface at player level only. Adequately illuminating the higher ball flight can usually be achieved by lighting the space above the field from several directions. The field surface generally is covered by grass or artificial grass which can exhibit very different light reflecting characteristics depending on how it is cut and or laid. 4. STANDARDS AND CODES Design, Materials and Workmanship shall comply with the latest editions (including amendments and rulings) of the following Standards and codes: - National Construction Code Series ‐ Building Code of Australia Electrical Safety Act and Regulations Electricity Act and Regulations Workplace Health & Safety Act, Regulations and Codes of Practice. Civil Aviation Regulations – Lighting in the Vicinity of Aerodromes. Australian Football League Lighting Guidelines – V1.1 Sept 2010. EN 12193 Light and Lighting – Sports Lighting AS 2560.1 Sports Lighting ‐ Part 1 General Principles AS/NZS 3000 SAA Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3008 Electrical Installation ‐ Selection of Cables Part 1.1: Cables for Alternating Voltages up to and including 0.6/1KV AS 3665 Simplified definition of lighting terms and quantities AS 4282 Control of the obtrusive effects of Outdoor lighting 5 - AS 60598 CIE/IAU - CIE No. 112 CIE No. 150 - CIE 169 - AS/NZS 60529 CIBSE LG4 NAIES Luminaires Part 2.5 – Particular Requirements – Floodlights. Guidelines for Minimising Urban Sky Glow near Astronomical Observatories. Glare Evaluation System for use within Outdoor Sports and Area Lighting Guide on the limitation of the effects of obtrusive light from outdoor lighting Practical Design Guidelines for the Lighting of Sports Events for Colour Television and Filming Degrees of protection (IP code) Sports North America Illuminating Engineering Society Handbook In addition, the works shall comply with any other code or body having jurisdiction over these works and mentioned herein. 5. SCOPE OF WORKS The following works will need to be considered for the design, supply, installation, testing and commissioning of the floodlighting works to comply with performance guidelines specified herein and including but not limited to: (a) Liaising with all authorities having jurisdiction over these works including CASA. (b) Liaising and arranging for supply authority to provide power or upgrade the existing power supply to the site if necessary. (c) Sub‐station. (d) Low voltage mains. (e) Switchboards and meter panels. (f) Power distribution systems including cabling and conduits. (g) Floodlights, poles, masthead assemblies and footings. (h) Floodlight poles method of access for changing lamps and maintenance (i) Floodlight control system. (j) Aiming of floodlights. (k) Testing and commissioning including Illuminance measurements (l) Maintenance, warranty and on going testing. (m) Reduced switching levels for differing levels of play. (n) Emergency instant restrike lamps for power failure. (o) Lightning protection. (p) Workplace Health & Safety to relevant Act, Regulations and Codes of Practice. (q) Certification of lighting design by Corporate Member of Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). (r) Lodging all necessary application forms. (s) Allowing to engage and commission all professional consultants associated with this project including lighting engineers, licensed surveyors, structural engineers and soil testing geotechnical engineers. Additional facilities in the form of wiring and pole structures may need to be provided if future upgrade is required to a higher level of illumination. 6 6. REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE These guidelines are not intended to require existing cricket floodlighting installations to be upgraded when work is next carried out on those installations including where any repairs and maintenance to an existing cricket floodlighting installation are undertaken if the work— (a) does not change existing pole heights or positions in regard to equipment locations. or (b) does not affect any more than 10% of the floodlights as long as the floodlights are replaced with floodlights of the same lamp lumen output and photometric distribution in regard to overall light output of the installation. Where this exemption is relevant lightmeter readings shall be taken before and after the floodlight alterations to verify the average lighting level is not less than originally installed prior to the alterations. or (c) is not undertaken to effect compliance with any statutory current or retrospective legislation or regulations, compliance with which requires upgrades to be undertaken. (eg workplace health and safety) All other improvements, alterations and additions shall require the whole cricket floodlighting installation to be upgraded to these guidelines subject to compliance by the relevant club with the terms and conditions of the lease or other occupancy right it may have in respect of its grounds. 7. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS The floodlighting design classification should be based on the follow tables : Level of competition I * * Lighting class II International and National Senior Club – 17 years and over (see note 2) * Junior Club – up to 16 years (see note 3) * Recreational/School Sport (physical education) Table 1: Floodlighting Installation Classification Table 1 Notes: 1. 2. The final floodlighting design classifications should be in consultation with Queensland Cricket (QC). This category equal to “Regional” Competition for EN12193. 3. This category equal to “Training” for EN12193. 7 III * * Guidelines for floodlighting installations to Cricket Ovals and Practice Wickets are as follows ‐: Table 2: Floodlighting Parameters for Cricket Ovals Horizontal illuminance (square/infield) Class I II III Ēmh lx 750 500 300 Parameter Horizontal illuminance (field/outfield) Eminh/Ēmh 0.7 0.7 0.5 Ēmh lx 500 300 200 Eminh/Ēmh 0.5 0.5 0.3 Minimum Requirement GR Ra (= or >) 50 50 55 65 65 65 Comment Lamp Source Metal Halide Colour Temp. Between 4000K and 5600K. Light Loss Factor 0.80 ‐ Calculated to AS2560.1 on 36 month cleaning cycle and maintenance program with IPX5 protection, low pollution and approximately 2000 hours of usage. Symmetrical Arrangement – Locations to suit cricket oval. Floodlights to be positioned at typically four locations around the oval to achieve uniform lighting level over the cricket oval (refer figure). Six pole positions may need to be considered where spill lighting is an issue but no pole should be located within an area subtended by a 30 degree angle on both sides from the centre of the field measured to a line parallel to the wicket(s) axis. Poles setbacks from poles to boundary of field may also be need to be considered where no fence is provided for player safety. If no fence is provided a minimum 5.0 metre setback is recommended. Note where multiple ovals of less than 70 metres diameter for Modified Cricket are located side by side it may not be practical to light each oval using a 4 or 6 pole configuration per oval. Infield 27.4 x 27.4 metresminimum. Larger infield to be provided if required Outfield – remainder of oval area. to suit wicket block. 2x2 mt for infield / 5x5 mt for outfield To EN 12193 The recommended minimum pole height (h) to be at a height such that an angle formed by a line from the lowest floodlight (on the pole or stadium structure) and the horizontal plane dimension (d) from the centre of the oval plus setbacks is not less than 25° or a minimum of 25 mts mounting height from playing surface to the lowest mounted floodlight whichever is the greater. Calculated glare rating should also be taken into consideration. Aviation authority requirements also to be considered where necessary. Pole Positioning Reference Area Lighting Calculation Grid Minimum Height of Floodlights / Poles 8 Table 3: Floodlighting Parameters for Practice Wickets Class I II III Horizontal illuminance (cricket net) Ēmh lx 1000 500 300 Parameter Eminh/Ēmh 0.7 0.7 0.7 Minimum Requirement GR Ra (= or >) 50 50 55 65 65 65 Comment Lamp Source Metal Halide Colour Temp. Between 4000K and 5600K. Light Loss Factor 0.80 ‐ Calculated to AS2560.1 on 36 month cleaning cycle and maintenance program with IPX5 protection, low pollution and approximately 2000 hours of usage. Where practice wicket netting is being used an additional light loss factor will need to be included in the illumination calculation. Actual losses will depend on the net transmittance factor and will need to be calculated in consultation with the net manufacturer. Symmetrical Arrangement – Locations to suit practice wicket floodlights. Not to be positioned directly behind bowlers arm or batsmen. Floodlight also to be positioned minimum 6.0 metres beyond sides and ends of practice wicket area for areas without netting and minimum 2.0 mts from nets to areas with netting. Safety padding of poles is also recommended. Example‐: for six (6) practice wicket arrangement there shall be a minimum of four (4) poles located behind wicket nets. 33 x 4 minimum for each Exact net spacing height configuration to be practice wicket confirmed. 1.0 x 1.0 mts To EN12193 Pole Positioning Reference Area Lighting Calculation Grid Minimum Height of Floodlights/ Poles For a typical two wicket Practice Wicket facility provide 4 poles positioned as previously stated with minimum 12 metre to 15.0 mts height from the playing surface to underside of the lowest floodlight. Aviation authority requirements also to be considered where necessary. Table 2 and 3 Notes: 1. When grid points are outside the playing area they are not included in the calculation. 2. GR: Glare rating value calculated at 1.5 metres above playing surface. 3. Ra: Colour rendering index. 4. All horizontal illuminances ( Eh) are to be calculated at ground level. 5. For average vertical illumination over square / infields for Ovals and Practice Wicket blocks ĒmV: Ēmh > or = 0.5 and for field / outfield areas ĒmV: Ēmh > or = 0.3 with Evmin:Evmax > or = 0.2 in all calculation planes. Vertical plane calculations shall be taken at 1.0 metre above the playing surface. 6. Ovals ‐ Vertical Illuminance calculations shall be taken at both wicket creases for the extent of the wicket block(s) width facing the bowler and facing the batsman at each end. Calculations shall extend to one additional grid spacing either side of the extent of the wicket block(s) along the crease lines (Refer diagram in section 15). 7. Vertical illuminance calculations shall be taken through the axial centre of the wicket block for the whole infield and outfield and also traversing the centre of the wicket block for the whole infield and outfield for symmetrical pole layouts for Ovals. Each axis plane calculation shall extend to the outfield boundary and be at right angles (Refer diagram in section 15). 8. Practice Wickets ‐ Vertical Illuminance calculations shall be taken at both wicket creases for the extent of the wicket(s) width facing the bowler and facing the batsman at each end. (Refer diagram in section 15). 9. It is recommended white coloured cricket balls are used. 10. It is recommended dark coloured netting is used for practice wickets. 11. Where small temporary multiple fields are used for Modified Cricket care should be taken with the orientation of the wickets to minimise glare to bowlers and batsmen. 12. The calculated GR value should be based on a diffuse reflected value between 0.15 and 0.25. 8. SPILL AND OBTRUSIVE LIGHTING The floodlighting installation should, in addition to providing a good on‐field lighting solution, also minimise the potential adverse effects of obtrusive and spill lighting in respect to adjoining properties, local traffic, astronomical observations and aviation authorities. Spill and obtrusive lighting shall be limited to meet the requirements of AS4282 (Control of the Obtrusive Effects of Outdoor Lighting) and local authorities. 9. CALCULATION AND DESIGN INFORMATION The following design information should be provided by tenderers submitting offers for the floodlighting project. All designs should be carried out using an approved computer aided lighting design software (eg AGI, Calculux, Dialux, Perfectlite): Floodlighting designer and manufacturer. Horizontal illuminances lux plot at ground level for maintained illuminance levels and initial illuminance levels over entire field calculation grid as nominated for each level of play. Light loss factor used. Maintenance illuminance. Minimum illuminance. Maximum illuminance. Minimum to average uniformity. Minimum to maximum uniformity. Isolux contours at 50 lux intervals. Vertical Illuminance calculations. Maximum Glare Rating at 1.5 mt above ground level. Aiming diagram for floodlights. All luminaire information and illustrations. Lamp information. Mast head assembly details. Height of poles. Pole construction details and maintenance facilities. Location and number of poles. Maximum installation electrical loading and project running cost. Shadowing Projections. Cost of project. Spill lighting parameters and calculations. AS 4282 Compliance Certificate and other calculations as required by local authorities. Floodlighting Measurement Statement – Refer attached. The final accepted design should be signed off by a qualified floodlighting design specialist who is a Corporate Member of the Illumination Engineering Society of Australia and New Zealand – MIES. The following is the link to the IES website http://www.iesanz.org/ . In addition final designs and sign offs should be sort for all statutory compliance aspects of the floodlighting installation prior to final acceptance of the offer. 10. LIGHT MEASUREMENTS On the completion of the floodlighting installation the illuminance level shall be measured in accordance with AS2560.1 and EN 12193 measurement grid to prove actual figures meet original calculated illuminance levels. The installation shall also be re measured prior to the end of the warranty period. 11. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The electrical wiring and switchboard installation shall be installed by a licensed electrical contractor. The wiring should be oversized to minimize the effects of voltage drop which reduces the light output of the floodlight. The floodlighting manufacturer should be consulted regarding maximum voltage drop to floodlights. The electrical reticulation design should also consider full and reduced switching modes where the full floodlighting installation may not be necessary (eg reduced levels of play, training, maintenance occasions and other sports). Reduced lighting levels will reduce energy costs. Where the field is subject to flooding the location of electrical and lighting switch and control gear above flood levels should also be provided. 11 12. COMMISSIONING The floodlighting manufacturer’s representative should be available to set out, supervise and assist in the aiming of the floodlights to meet the design requirements. Once correctly aimed the floodlights should be permanently secured in positions using the appropriate fixing bolts. No further adjustment should be required when lamp replacement is necessary during maintenance. All floodlight settings in azimuth and elevation should be marked in durable markings on the floodlight. Allow for illumination survey using a NATA calibrated Minolta T10 illuminance meter (or similar quality meter) to prove actual performance against that designed. The illumination survey should be carried out by the floodlighting manufacturer’s representative or suitably M.I.E.S. qualified independent sports lighting specialist. Prior to illumination measurements arrange to have the voltage checked to ensure it is within manufacturer’s tolerances. A maintenance manual should be prepared at the time of commissioning the lighting installation, listing matters such as final lighting design, lamp types, lamp replacement intervals and luminaire cleaning intervals. The manual should include the final lighting software design file(s) on CD for future alterations or upgrades. 13. SUPPLIERS The following are a list of experienced floodlighting manufacturers ‐: - Pierlite Lighting - Philips Lighting. - Sylvania Lighting - Thorn Lighting. - Versalux Lighting. 14. DEFECTS LIABILITY PERIOD Rectify any defects that occur during the defects liability period. The following should also be included as part of the liability period and warranties ‐: replacing all failed lamps. testing the installation at the end of the first 12.0 month period including illumination measurements over the entire infield and outfield or practice wicket. Inspecting and testing the total works 1.0 month prior to the end of the defects liability period. 12 15. TYPICAL FLOODLIGHTING POLE AND VERTICAL CALCULATION PLANES CONFIGURATIONS Ev Vertical calcs at 1.0 m height Ev Wicket Block vertical calc planes Ev Typical Oval Cricket Floodlighting Pole Configuration (6 pole configurations may be necessary where spill lighting control is a consideration) Vertical calculations at Bowler’s & Batsman’s Creases. (for width of return creases) Bowler’s Crease Ev Batsmen’s Crease Typical 2 x Practice Wicket Floodlighting Pole Configuration 13 16. OBSERVER POSITIONS FOR GLARE CALCULATIONS FOR INFIELD/OUTFIELD OF CRICKET OVALS AND PRACTICE WICKETS. Note : Red notations indicate observer positions for Oval infields and practice wickets. Blue notations indicate observer positions of Oval outfields. 14 17. GENERAL CRICKET PLAYING FIELD INFORMATION The minimum size of the playing field is 153 x 133 metres with a flat and well‐grassed surface, free of any undulations, whereas the boundary line should be 150 x 130 metres. It should be completely fenced, preferably picket fenced, as long as space and local authority regulations will allow. The wicket block area should be 15 metres wide x 25 metres long and be at least a minimum of five (5) wickets wide, well grassed and flat. A minimum of five (5) practice wickets whether turf or synthetic are required. The practice area should provide adequate lighting to enable training at evening practice sessions. It is preferred the Number 1 field or, at least, the centre wicket block thereon, is off‐limits to winter competitions and all sports. 15 18. FLOODLIGHTING INSTALLATION EXAMPLES The following installations are examples of Cricket floodlighting installations. 16 Example No. 1 ‐ Floodlighting Installation for Cricket Ovals 17 Example Number 2 ‐ Floodlighting Installation for Practice Wickets 18 Example Number 3 ‐ Floodlighting Installation for Modified Junior Cricket Multiple Fields and Wickets 19 19. CRICKET OVAL POLE HEIGHT GEOMETRY Note ‐: The recommended minimum pole height (h) to be at a height such that an angle formed by a line from the lowest floodlight (on the pole or stadium structure) and the horizontal plane dimension (d) from the centre of the oval plus setbacks is not less than 25° or a minimum of 25 mts mounting height from playing surface to the lowest mounted floodlight whichever is the greater. Therefore minimum angle of elevation to be such that h= 0.47 x d or 25 metres whichever is the greater. 20 20. CRICKET OVAL FLOODLIGHTING MEASUREMENT STATEMENT ‐: Note: (i) Statement to be confirmed by Installation Contractor at completion of project. (ii) Completed copy of this measurement statement to be forwarded to Queensland Cricket. Measurement Record Venue Name: Installation Type (Oval / Practice Wicket): Date: Time: Measuring Equipment: Type: Serial Number: Calibration Date: Authority: Switching Mode: All Lamps Operating (Y/N) Measurement Type (Horizontal): Infield / Practice Wicket Illuminance (Lux) Minimum Maximum Average Uniformity Min:Ave Min:Max : : Infield / Outfield Illuminance (Lux) Minimum Maximum Average Uniformity Min:Ave Min:Max : : Measurement Taken By: Checked By: Date: Date: 21