□ Micro Inverter ☑ Residential PV □ Commercial PV □ Central & Station ■ Primary topology of solar inverters ● Micro Converter/Inverter Refer to single solar module, the output power is about 100-300W. Micro inverter provide MPPT control for single solar module and convert the DC input to AC output. Common topology of micro inverter: CRM Flyback Interleave Micro Inverter Full Bridge Boost Micro Inverter Half Bridge Boost Micro Inverter ● Residential Inverter Refer to ordinary residential inverters, the power level distribute between 1.5KW-6KW widely. The main features are adopting single or two MPPT control, a set or two set boost circuit to raise the voltage of single or two DC inputs, then filter the voltage through the full bridge inverter and output smoothing filter, to achieve the required grid-connected harmonic quality. According to the requirements of operating environment and system design for residential inverters, there are high-frequency insulation and non-insulation circuits. In addition, due to the requirements of power supply storage and backup by users, some inverters have the functional circuit for charging and discharging administration of lead battery. Common topology of residential non-insulation inverter as follow: Single MPPT Single Phase PV Dual MPPTs Single Phase PV ● Commercial Inverter The single power volume of commercial inverters is about between 6KW-50KW, basically use the three phase output method. Have the operating mode of high-frequency transformer insulation method and non-insulation method without transformer. In order to further raise the overall operating efficiency, always use solar array with higher output voltage and adopt operating method of single stage three phase inverters. Pictures below are several commonly used topologies which adopt TAMURA integrated magnetics dual boost inductor and one three coupling phase inductor. Dual MPPTs Three-phase inverter Using One CB-DCL & One Coupling 3Φ-ACL Four MPPTs Three-phase inverter Using Two CB-DCL & One Coupling 3Φ-ACL ● Central & Station Inverter For the features of high efficiency of per unit power generation and performance price ratio, Central & Station inverters are used widely in some regions with abundant sunshine in the form of power station. Central solar inverters need be directly connected to high voltage AC grid generation system for the large output power. So generally insulate and raise the three phase output voltage directly by using power frequency transformer of high power. But the inverter itself operates in non-insulation method. Because of the high power of single inverter, the operating frequency of traditional modes is 2-4KHz. As the high power semiconductor technique have progressed, progressed, especially especially with with the theimproving improvingof ofmagnetic magneticmaterial materialand anddevelopment developmentofofhigh highfrequency, frequency,high highefficiency efficiencyreactor, reactor the operating frequency of new type high power inverters has entered era of 9-10KHz. These new type inverters are leading the industry development with higher efficiency and higher performance price ratio. ■ Development trend of solar inverter Refer to solar inverter, increasing the power converting-efficiency is a eternal topic. But as the system efficiency becomes higher and Technical Trend of PV Inverter higher, almost reach 100%, further efficiency improvement is accompanied by lower performance price ratio. Therefore, how to maintain high efficiency as well as good price competitiveness is an important topic nowadays. Contrast to the endeavor in improving the efficiency of inverters, how to raise the overall inverter system efficiency is becoming another important topic. In a solar array, when the part shadow of 2%-3% area appears, for an inverter with MPPT function, even a 20% around power drop will occur in the circumstances of worse system power output. In order to adapted to similar condition, using one to one MPPT or multiple MPPT control function for single or part solar components is a quite efficient method. Because inverter system runs in grid-connected condition, the system to ground leak current will cause critical safe problem. Additionally, to increase system efficiency, solar array will be connected in a series to get very high DC output. Thus, DC arc welding easily appears when abnormal condition occurs. For the high DC Voltage, arc extinction is very difficult, fire will be caused easily. With the wide application of solar inverter system, the system safe problem will be an important part of inverter technique. Furthermore, power system is greeting the quick development and spread of smart grid technology. A multitude of new energy connected to the grid such as solar energy , brings new technique challenges to the stability of smart grid system. Designing faster, more precise, more intelligent inverter system compatible with smart grid will be an essential condition of solar inverter system. With the rapid development of global economy, traditional energy cost continues rising, hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicle will spread continuously; the shortage of power and digital society will make people rely more and more on power supply. For the foreseeable future, comprehensive solar generating system including lead battery and large capacitor will greet strong market demand. ■ Important core magnetics and TAMURA techologies With the development of semiconductor and power electric circuit, power semiconductor, MPPT control DSP, current detecting sensor plays a decisive role in efficiency and cost, which improve performance and cost dramatically. But as the primitive passive components, transformers, inductors, filters are developing very slowly. Expensive magnetics and large sum of copper product usually take a large proportion of the inverter cost. These components which affect the efficiency and cost vastly are obviously the most important core components in the inverter. Since the inception in 1924, TAMURA continues on researching and producing transformer, reactors and other coiling products, and is an important supplier in global coiling products, whose products are applied in consumer electronics, telecom, office automation, information, transportation, industry, energy, aerospace, etc. TAMURA has constructed a global R & D system, which centered on Japan technology department, also established advanced R & D centre in China and Europe separately. Focus on magnetic material, power passive components and high-end R & D of application technology. Major technologies related to solar inverter of TAMURA Metal Dust Meterial Technology Audio Noise Reducing Technology Integrated Magnetics CB-Reactor Technology Hybrid Magnetics Technology ➟ Provides the material platform of products design ➟ Improves products audio noise significantly ➟ High efficiency, high performance price ratio ➟ Optimizing magnetic path, high performance price ratio ➟ Benefits the high efficiency and low cost of the inverter Spike BlockerTM EMI Reducing Technique ■ Standardized reactor products for residential inverters and the features In order to help customers design and choose quickly, according to the specifications of non-insulated grid-connected residential inverter, combining the different features of boost reactor and filter reactor, we have successfully developed standardized products based on 3 power levels of 3KW, 4KW, 5KW. Detail serialization classification as follows: Power: 3KW, 4KW, 5KW ( Due to customers'demand, can be expanded to the inverter application of 1.5KW-15KW ) Type: DCL, CB-DCL, ACL Premium Grade will be released on Oct2012 Grade: Premium, Golden, Silver Sealed & Semi-molding will be released on Oct2012 Installation:H-mounting, V-mounting, Sealed, Semi-molding Brief description of standardized series DCL Single boost inductor, suited to single MPPT inverter BOOST circuit CB-DCL Integrated magnetic dual boost inductor, containing two individual inductors, suited to dual boost circuit, less loss than DCL of the same power ACL Coupling AC filter inductor, containing two coupling inductors, connected with inverter output AC L and N in series separately Premium For Japan and other high-end market, possess high performance, low noise; larger inductor value, smaller DC resistance Golden For western market, possess high performance price ratio, larger inductor value, slightly higher DC resistance, low loss Silver Small DC resistance, extreme high efficiency, smaller inductance value H-mounting H-mounting, impregnation and non-sealed, class F insulation V-mounting V-mounting, impregnation and non-sealed, class F insulation Sealed H-mounting, sealed, water proof, class B insulation Semi-moldin V-mounting, sealed, cooling structure, class B insulation Standardized products naming rule SF 1 2 2 3 0 B - P Model Type Inductance Grade SP: Boost Reactor 101=100uH 102=1000uH(1.0mH) 152=1500uH(1.5mH) P:Premium S:Silver SF: AC Filter Reactor PF: SP+SF Module G:Golden Rating Current & L-I Characteristic 30A=30A Flat L-I Curve 30B=30A Slide L-I Curve 181=180A Mounting H 0 Reserved Number 0~9, a~z, A-Z 0 D S Designing Code J:Japan S:Shanghai, China * : N/A Number of Inductor 3 5 R Terminal F: Faston 250 Terminal R: Ring Terminal N: None Lenth of Lead Wire H:Horizontal S:Single Inductor 35: Red 30cm,BLK 50cm V:Vertical D:Dual Inductor None: Default 20cm S:Sealed(H) M:Semi-molding(H) Part Number naming(ex.) SP13211B-PH00DS35F Red 30cm,BLK 50cm 14AWG wire with F250 FASTON Quick disconnect SP13211B-PH00DS33R Red 30cm,BLK 30cm 14AWG wire with R3.5-5 Ring tongue terminals SP13220B-PH00SS43N Red 40cm,BLK 30cm 12AWG wire, No connector terminals SP13211B-PH00DS Standard product, 20cm 14AWG wire with R2.5-5 Ring tongue terminals SP13220B-PH00SS Standard product, 20cm 12AWG wire with R5.5-5 Ring tongue terminals terminals Corresponding table of series package and the shape methods Sealed & Semi-molding type will be released on Oct.2012. Features of standardized PV Reactor products High efficiency DCL in SP series adopts the hybrid structure of low loss metal powder-cored material and high performance ferrite magnetic. Unique magnetic path design makes reactor maintain well L-I inductor performance as well as fine total balance between the loss of component core loss, eddy current loss, high frequency skin effects. Component design not only considering the high efficiency in rated load, but also considering the low loss pursuing in light load, increase system Europe efficiency and CEC California energy efficiency. CB-DCL in SP series is a boost inductor specialized in dual MPPT circuit, which has the advantages of DCL in SP series, besides, adopting integrated magnetic technique makes the reactor magnetic oath more reasonable and optimizing, reduce the magnetic loss significantly. Meanwhile, under the same power condition, each inductor only afford about 1/2 current rms, the DC loss of the coil is improved obviously and has higher efficiency compared with same power DCL. ACL in SF series chooses suitable high performance magnetics and reasonable magnetic path, takes advantage of the dual inductors coupling features, balances the magnetic core loss and coil loss effectively. Furthermore reasonable coiling structure keeps lower DC resistance. And the same as DCL, ensures high efficiency nominal power as well as considers the improvement of Europe efficiency and CEC efficiency. Low noise Premium type in this series especially enhanced the silent noise design and process of DCL, CB-DCL and ACL, which is well suited to Japan market which has strict demand on audio noise. EMC Due to the generation mechanism of inverter EMI, through special control on reactor structure and coiling process, it means adopting Spike BlockerTM technique criterion, which is useful to improve the EMC of inverter system obviously. In the meantime, it reduces the requirement of common-mode filter, thus increases the system efficiency and cuts down the system cost. Multiple installation This series offer customers the basic installation of H-mounting and V-mounting to be fit for different installing requirement. Meanwhile, in order to avoid environment temperature rising inside inverter which is caused by heat emitter from reactor coils, the series also offer the choice of heat conducting through Semi-molding method, makes customers can replace the corresponding reactor directly under the condition of not increasing the cost and not changing the design size In the waterproof application where reactor needs to be installed outside shell, this series can also offer sealed package which has the waterproof function 1+1 Set Refer to the different inverters between 3-5KW, users only need to choose the collocation of 1 DCL+ 1 ACL or 1CB-DCL + 1ACL, which means one boost reactor with one AC filter can fit the system design. High power increasing Because this series have the guarantee of insulation construct design above 6mm, under the condition of not exceeding the reactor maximum nominal current, customers can gain larger inverter power output through raising the non-load voltage of soalr arrays. Because of the high frequency design in this series, under the condition of not exceeding the reactor maximum nominal current, customers can expand input and output phase numbers through choosing suitable specifications among different series to be fit for design cycle of different new products of higher power. ■ Table of residential inverter standardized reactors specifications( at20℃、with 20cm lead wire) Power Model DCL 3KW CB-DCL ACL DCL 4KW CB-DCL ACL DCL 5KW CB-DCL ACL Grade Premium Golden Silver Premium Golden Silver Premium Golden Silver Premium Golden Silver Premium Golden Silver Premium Golden Silver Premium Golden Silver Premium Golden Silver Premium Golden Silver Part Number SP13218B-P□00SS□□□ SP13216B-G□00SS□□□ SP10217B-S□00SS□□□ SP13211B-P□00DS□□□ SP13209B-G□00DS□□□ SP10210B-S□00DS□□□ SF14221B-P□00DS□□□ SF14218B-G□00DS□□□ SF12218B-S□00DS□□□ SP12224B-P□00SS□□□ SP12220B-G□00SS□□□ SP10221B-S□00SS□□□ SP12213B-P□00DS□□□ SP12212B-G□00DS□□□ SP10212B-S□00DS□□□ SF14228B-P□00DS□□□ SF14225B-G□00DS□□□ SF12225B-S□00DS□□□ SP11229B-P□00SS□□□ SP11225B-G□00SS□□□ SP10225B-S□00SS□□□ SP11216B-P□00DS□□□ SP11214B-G□00DS□□□ SP10215B-S□00DS□□□ SF13235B-P□00DS□□□ SF13231B-G□00DS□□□ SF11231B-S□00DS□□□ L 1300 μH 1300 μH 1000 μH 1300 μH 1300 μH 1000 μH 1400 μH 1400 μH 1200 μH 1200 μH 1200 μH 1000 μH 1200 μH 1200 μH 1000 μH 1400 μH 1400 μH 1200 μH 1100 μH 1100 μH 1000 μH 1100 μH 1100 μH 1000 μH 1300 μH 1300 μH 1100 μH I 18 A 16 A 17 A 11 A 9A 10 A 21 A 18 A 18 A 24 A 20 A 21 A 13 A 12 A 12 A 28 A 25 A 25 A 29 A 25 A 25 A 16 A 14 A 15 A 35 A 31 A 31 A DCR typ. 30.3 mΩ 39.3 mΩ 34.9 mΩ 49.0 mΩ 56.8 mΩ 51.2 mΩ 18.0 mΩ 20.2 mΩ 18.2 mΩ 26.5 mΩ 31.8 mΩ 31.7 mΩ 41.2 mΩ 48.2 mΩ 44.0 mΩ 20.2 mΩ 21.1 mΩ 18.4 mΩ 22.5 mΩ 26.7 mΩ 24.7 mΩ 27.3 mΩ 34.5 mΩ 35.0 mΩ 15.7 mΩ 16.2 mΩ 16.9 mΩ Remark * The above content and parameters have the possibilities of changing without notifying the customers. The specifications acknowledgement provided to the customers shall prevail on mass produce and odering . Premium Grade will be released on Oct.2012. ■ Application guide The principle of integrated magnetics CB reactor As is shown in the following figure, integrated magnetic operating principle of integrated magnetic CB reactor is formed through two independent inductor coils winding on the two arms, which share the common middle magnetic path. If the current direction is like that in the figure, flux produced by two coils will cancel each other in the common middle core. If the current value of two coils is close, then the flux in the common core part will cancel out. Although the effective cross-sectional area is small, for the very small overall flux, the magnetic field strength B will be very low. Picture below shows that even the rate of effective cross-sectional area of two arms to that of the middle pole is 1:0.9, middle pole will be far from saturation. Figure in the right is the CB inductor simulink result when the left coil current is maximum, which makes core approach saturation under above condition. As is shown in the figure, even the two side cores are near saturation and the cross-sectional area of common middle core is small, it is far from saturation. At the moment, even the core is working at high frequency, because of the little B of the middle pole, the core loss of this part is very low naturally. The classic connecting method of inductor Because CB-DCL and ACL are four terminals component, the connecting direction must be noticed when wiring. Refer to CB reactor, if the current direction is converse to that in picture above, then the flux of two magnetic path will be overlaid in the middle pole,as the middle pole area is small, so the inductor will be under saturation condition easily. Refer to coupling design ACL, if the current direction of two coupling inductor in series is reversed, then two inductors in series equals to half coils being shorted by the other. Entire inductor value will almost vanish. Due to above reason, when using CB-DCL and ACL, the polarity correction must be ensured. Therefore, to avoid mistaking the polarity, the polarity has been labeled by wire color in the design of this series. Refer to dual Boost CB-DCL, only the two red poles need be connected to the input terminal separately. And to ACL, the two red poles need be connected to the middle point of inverter arms separately, thus, the wrong connetcing won't happen. Spike BlockerTM technique help you increasing efficiency and reducing cost TM Refer to semiconductor devices in solar inverter Boost and AC inverter circuit, because of switching on/off under high voltage condition, to increase operating efficiency, power devices need to be driven quickly to reduce the switching loss. So, in the two sides of Boost DCL and AC filter ACL, very high dv/dt stress will appear in the inductor two ends. If the inductor parasitic electrical parameters aren’t limited effectively, when the very high dv/dt changing occurs, the complicated inner parasitic parameters net will generate very violent parasitic oscillating under the stimulating of high speed dV/dt signal. In general, the oscillating frequency often distributes between the frequency range about several MHz to several hundreds of MHz, which will cause serious EMI problem, so the multilevel filter must be used in input and output circuit, which increases circuit cost and even more reduces the inverter efficiency. Spike BlockerTM technique is to solve this problem in power soures, which combines the long period experience of inductors, transformers design and producing , through controlling reactor structure, coiling process, producing technique strictly, the problem in this series is improved to the maximum. Because of establishing specific productive technique and design criterion, the consistency of EMC effect gets well control. Amorphous U Core Boost L 1 Picture ➀ shows the measured DCL current wave , when winding with amorphous U core and the boost output power is 3KW.(20KHz) Picture ➁ shows the measured DCL current wave , when winding with Φ47 sendust ring core and the boost output power is 3KW.(20KHz) Picture ➂ shows the measured DCL current wave when using SP10217B-SH00SS( 3KW-DCL-Silver) with the same prototypes, same power, same operating condition of ➀ and ➁. From these measured waves, we can see that the EMC performance is improved by adopting Spike BlockerTM technology. With the dramatic improvement of EMC performance, smaller inductive value of common-mode filter can meet the EMC requirements. The inverter cost is down and the system efficiency is increased. Ring Sendust Core Boost L 1 TM 3 ■ Products ordering and related issues Global sales channels TAMURA Group sells products through direct selling or sales agents. Implement the same markets and the same price principle. TAMURA Group Global sales channels 1) タムラ製作所埼玉事業所 2) (주)한국다무라 3) Tamura-Europe Ltd. 4) Tamura Corporation of America 5) 台湾田村科技股份有限公司 6) 田村(中国)企业管理有限公司上海营业部 7) 合肥博微田村电气有限公司 8) 深圳市鹏源电子有限公司 (代理) 9) 深圳市铂科磁材有限公司 (代理) 2 快捷方便的销售型式 Sample MOQ 1pcs ➟ Provided by Tamura Distributor Offices MP MOQ 1000pcs/each PN * Only Within China Mainland & Hongkong MP L/T 1 Month (after 1 month of FC) * First Lot's delivery may vary with stock condition. TM DC Reactor for (Buck-) Boost Converter Rev. C Feb, 2015 Typical Application Features 3KW,4KW,5KW e×t. to 1.5~15KW Grade: Premium-S ■ ■ Competitive Cost Performace Open Structure makes Easy Modification ■ ■ PV Inverter,UPS TM Spike Blocker Better EMC H-mounting,V-mounting High Frequency 20~50KHz Extra Low Audio Noise ■ ■ ■ ■ Grade Premium-S Extra Low Noise, High Performance Mounting Models (DCL) H-Mounting V-Mounting Electric Characteristics (DCL) Power Moldel Grade Part Number L ※1 I ※2 3KW DCL Premium-S SP10218B-PS□00SS□□□ 1000μH 18A 4KW DCL Premium-S SP10224B-PS□00SS□□□ 1000μH 24A 5KW DCL Premium-S SP10229B-PS□00SS□□□ 1000μH 29A ※1 At 0A ※2 As a continuous load Specification (DCL) Items Testing Condition Testing Point Specification Inductance 20KHz, 1V HP4284 or Equivalent L: S-F as L-I Curve Dielectric Strength E×TECH 7142 or Equivalent Coil - Core,Chasis 2.5KV AC, 50Hz, 1Min. <2mA Insulation Resistance E×TECH 7142 or Equivalent Coil - Core Core,Chasis Chasis >100MΩ 0.5KV >100MΩ, 0 5KV DC Class F Insulation, -25℃~155℃ Operating Temperature -25℃~75℃ Storage Temperature See Spec. detail Dimension (mm) Part Number Designation (DCL) E×ample: SP11218B-PSH00SS*** 102 18 PS H Inductance Current Grade Mounting 3KW:102 18A Premium-S H-Mounting 4KW:102 24A 5KW:102 29A SP B- 00 ** * Lead wire lenth Terminal type SS ** cm Lead wire F:250 FASTON Quick disconnect terminals 35 → 35 cm R:Ring tongue terminals V-Mounting Typical L-I Curve Characteristics (DCL) 4KW-DCL 3KW-DCL 5KW-DCL 1200μH 1200μH 1200μH 1000μH 1000μH 1000μH 800μH 800μH 800μH 600μH 600μH 600μH 400μH 400μH 400μH 200μH 200μH 200μH 0μH 0μH 0A 5A 10A 15A 20A 25A 0μH 0A 5A 10A 15A 20A 25A 30A 0A 5A 10A 15A 20A 25A 30A 35A ● Providing fast L-I modification products to meet custom requirements. . Dimensions (DCL) Grade Part Number 3KW Premium-S SP10218B-PS□00SS 4KW Premium-S SP10224B-PS□00SS 5KW Premium-S SP10229B-PS□00SS Structure H V H V H V A C B 114 78 129 78 129 90 C 50 62 50 62 60 78 D 97 65 112 65 112 76.5 E 5 5x8 5 5x8 5 5x8 F 5 125 5 125 5 140 G 125 93 125 108 140 106 H 80 85 80 85 90 100 F A F D E D B C E G G H B Dimensions (mm) A 81 81 81 81 93 98 H Power H-Mounting Dimension V-Mounting Dimension . TM AC Reactor for Inverter Rev. C Feb. 2015 Typical Application Features ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 3KW,4KW,5KW e×t. to 1.5~15KW Grade:Premium-S ■ ■ ■ TM Spike Blocker Better EMC H-mounting,V-mounting High Frequency 20~50KHz Extra Low Audio Noise 2 Coupling Inductors in 1 Reactor Competitive Cost Performace Open Structure makes Easy Modification Grade Premium-S PV Inverter,UPS Extra Low Noise, High Performance Mounting Models (ACL) H-Mounting V-Mounting (NOTE ACL:In serial) Electric Characteristics (ACL) I ※2 Power Moldel Grade Part Number L ※1 3KW ACL Premium-S SF12221B-PS□00SS□□□ 1200μH 21A 4KW ACL Premium-S SF14228B-PS□00SS□□□ 1400μH 28A 5KW ACL Premium-S SF13235B-PS□00SS□□□ 1300μH 35A ※1 At 0A ※2 As a continuous load Specification (ACL) Items Testing Point Testing Condition Inductance 20KHz, 1V HP4284 or Equivalent Dielectric Strength E×TECH 7142 or Equivalent Insulation Resistance E×TECH 7142 or Equivalent Specification L: S-F as L-I Curve(in series) Coil - Core,Chasis 2.5KV AC, 50Hz, 1Min. <2mA Coil -Coil Coil 1.5KV AC, 50Hz, 1Min. <2mA 2mA Coil - Core,Coil,Chasis >100MΩ, 0.5KV DC Class F Insulation, -25℃~155℃ Operating Temperature -25℃~75℃ Storage Temperature See Spec. detail Dimension (mm) Part Number Designation (ACL) E×ample: SF12221B-PSH00DS*** SF 122 21 PS H Inductance Current Grade Mounting 3KW:122 21A Premium-S H-Mounting 4KW:142 28A 5KW:132 35A B- 00 ** * Lead wire lenth Terminal type DS ** cm Lead wire F:250 FASTON Quick disconnect terminals 35 → 35 cm R:Ring tongue terminals V-Mounting Typical L-I Curve Characteristics (ACL) 5KW-ACL 4KW-ACL 3KW-ACL 1600μH 1600μH 1600μH 1400μH 1400μH 1400μH 1200μH 1200μH 1200μH 1000μH 1000μH 1000μH 800μH 800μH 800μH 600μH 600μH 600μH 400μH 400μH 400μH 200μH 200μH 200μH 0μH 0μH 0μH 0A 5A 10A 15A 20A 25A 0A 5A 10A 15A 20A 25A 30A 0A 5A 10A 15A 20A 25A 30A 35A ● Providing fast L-I modification products to meet custom requirements. . Dimensions (ACL) Power 3KW 4KW 5KW Grade Part Number Premium-S Premium-S Premium-S SF12221B-PS□00DS SF14228B-PS□00DS SF13235B-PS□00DS Structure B C D E F G H H 81 119 50 102 5 5 125 72 V 81 78 62 65 5x8 125 98 - H 81 134 50 117 5 5 125 72 V 81 78 62 65 5x8 125 113 - H 93 134 60 117 5 5 140 77 V 98 90 78 76.5 5x8 140 111 - A C F A F E D B C D B Dimensions (mm) A E H G G H-Mounting Dimension V-Mounting Dimension Sound pressure level [dB] Noise level vs Frequency (Reference) 70 60 Premium‐S 50 Premium 40 30 20 10 0 0.00E+00 2.00E+03 4.00E+03 6.00E+03 8.00E+03 1.00E+04 1.20E+04 1.40E+04 1.60E+04 1.80E+04 2.00E+04 Frequency[Hz] .