WA Pyrite and Magne/te Fingerprint Database Part 1 Tes/ng LA-­‐ICPMS Geochemistry of Pyrite as a Fer/lity and Vectoring Tool in Explora/on for Orogenic Gold and VHMS Deposits in Western Australia (Abbreviated version for power point) Ivan Belousov and Ross Large CODES ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits University of Tasmania July, 2014 Execu/ve Summary •
A database of more than 1000 pyrite analyses by laser Abla9on-­‐ICPMS provides the basis for using pyrite as an exci9ng new fer9lity and vectoring tool for orogenic Au and VHMS deposits. •
Our data indicates that pyrites from orogenic gold deposits commonly have higher levels of Ni, As, Au, W, V and Cr, compared with pyrites from VHMS deposits which generally have higher levels of Cu, Co, Pb, Se, Zn, Sn and Bi. •
These differences in pyrite chemistry enable any pyrite drill intersec9on to be classified as background, distal, proximal or a high priority target for orogenic Au or VHMS •
Rapid scan laser Pb isotope ra9o analysis for 207/206Pb and 208/206Pb conducted at the same 9me provides informa9on on the 9ming of the hydrothermal system •
A high priority VHMS target has been defined for follow-­‐up by applying this pyrite vectoring and Pb-­‐isotope technique to six recent co-­‐funded EIS drill holes in WA. •
Costs of applying this approach are around $2500 per drill hole (assumes a 500m hole with 5 pyri9c zones sampled and 50 pyrite analyses for 35 elements including Pb-­‐isotope ra9os) 2 1. Aims of Research •
To test the power of pyrite as a geochemical fer9lity and vector tool for deposits in the Precambrian of Western Australia •
To characterize pyrite trace element signatures for different deposits •
To develop a discrimina9on criteria for Orogenic vs. VHMS pyrite signatures •
To measure regional background pyrite composi9ons and determine extents of trace element halos around deposits •
To iden9fy inclusion popula9ons associated with Au and Ag for each deposit 3 2. Pyrite Data Collected •
For each sample at least 10 pyrite grains were analysed by Laser Abla9on ICPMS for 40 elements mostly with spot sizes of 35 micron. The Pb isotopes (206,207 and 208) were also measured. Addi9onally 2-­‐3 matrix analyses were performed mostly with spot sizes of 100 micron •  Ore samples from WA –  UTAS Collec/on; 10 orogenic gold and 5 VHMS deposits –  Golden Mile Samples; 5 Fimiston ore, 14 Mt Chalo`e ore, 9 black shales in sequence –  OSNACA Collec/on; 25 ore samples from orogenic Au deposits •  EIS Co-­‐funded Drill Hole Samples –  The discrimina9on func9ons and vector scores developed on the ore samples were tested on 5 co-­‐funded drill cores from the GSWA core library in Perth 4 Fig 1. Loca%on map (modified from Wi2 et al., 2013) of studied deposits (black dots) with gold endowment shown. Area 1: Golden Mile, Kanowna Belle, Hunt, Paddington, Junc7on, Chalice, Maybell; Area2: Wiluna, Redeemer, Songvang, Darlot, Jaguar, Prospero; Area 3: Lancefield, Granny Smith, Sunrise Dam, Wallaby, Porphyry; Area 4: Meekatharra Prohibi7on, Big Bell, Mt.Magnet (Hill50, Mars Pit), Minjar, Golden Grove, Scuddles, Youanmi; Area 5: Nathans Labouchere, Plutonic, Horseshoe Lights, DeGrussa. 5 !"#$%&'!
($)*'&$+!
,-$.*+*/0%&%!
!"#$%&'!
($)*'&$+!
,-$.*+*/0%&%!
12$3"+&)-4$/5!
!
12!
60227$'&'"-$+/0!
!
!
24!
5($#+0*!
46!
,$0//0+)!70+.!
!
'()%*$+!
,#-./0*-.)!
'()%*$+!
,#-./0*-.)!
89!,+*0))!
6$2#7020-
!
"#$%&!'()%*$+!
,#-./0*-.)!
"#$%&!'()%*$+!
,#-./0*-.)!
"#$%&!'()%*$+!
,#-./0*-.)!
'()%*$+!,#-./0*-.)!
44!
:&$**!;0-*!<0--!
!
=*+$>+*-?"//"@9+'(*+)".&"/5!
4$/5"+-B&/"C7*/&)"-
'()%*$+!,#-./0*-.)!
'()%*$+!,#-./0*-.)!
'()%*$+!,#-./0*-.)!
'()%*$+!,#-./0*-.)!
'()%*$+!,#-./0*-.)!
42!
21!
2=!
1=!
22!
!
D9+)'&$+-
'()%*$+!,#-./0*-.)!
A!
J(K?($!;0+*!
6*55&+3'$+-
'()%*$+!,#-./0*-.)!
2=!
<#$)*)&#*!CD?G!
B*0<"//-
2=!
-
21!
1'7"2-!"#$%&'%!
!
!
;&/9+*62$%#"2$-
8#?%&!'()%*$+!
,#-./0*-.)!!
"9!'()%*$+!
,#-./0*-.)!
FK+*NO90-?+(!
FK+*NO90-?+(!
'()%*$+!
,#-./0*-.)!
!
!
;?$@&0)#+!
;?$@&0)#+!
"($$(@##%(!
7#$H(%0#+!
"#$%&!'()%*$+!
,#-./0*-.)!!
"($$(@##%(!
L#-@(+0@)!
!
222!
2=!
:&(.?+(!CD?G!
"0/%R!CD?G!
A!
21!
8$+3E*+3-
FK+*N!
21!
9($$(U($%R!CV+E!SUG!
F"5"":"2-
FK+*N!
2=!
Q(@W.##$!S$#)X*@%!
B&+G*2?&3-?"//B'-B*3+"'-H@&//IJKB'-B*3+"'-HB*2%6&'KB&)L0-!$$/*+B""L*'7*22*B""L*'7*22*62$7&<&'&$+M$9*+:&6/9'$+&)N*'7*+%(*<$9)7"2"!
;?$@&0)#+!!
;?$@&0)#+!
;?$@&0)#+!
;?$@&0)#+!
22!
26!
44!
2M!
!
!
!
!
P*$$0.(!Q()0+!!
S(%*$)#+!
T$#K*+!!
S(%*$)#+!
T$#K*+!!
S(%*$)#+!
T$#K*+!!
!
!
!
!
"#$%&!;?$@&0)#+!
22!
!
!
!
"#$%&!;?$@&0)#+!
2=!
!
!
!
8#?%&*$+!D$#))!
;($RH0(!Y+-0*$!
S(.U?$R!,$#?X!
22!
21!
22!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
89+2&%"-!*:42*++0-8:&'7;*//*<0-
!*2/$'-
3(+.(--)!
A@B8!
,#-.*+!,$#>*8@?..-*)!
B*,$?))(!CD?E!F?G!
!
Table 1 !
!
!
24!
A!
II!
26!
1M!
List of deposits studied with district loca/on and number of pyrite grains analysed !
2=!
42!
!
!
!
!
6 4. Background Informa/on on Trace Elements in Pyrite •  A large number of trace elements are measurable by LA-­‐ICPMS analysis of pyrite down to low ppb levels. The most common group of elements in rough order of abundance are: As (100-­‐20,000 ppm), Ni (10-­‐5000 ppm), Mn (1-­‐3000 ppm), Pb, Co, Ti, Ba, Cu, Zn (10-­‐2000 ppm), Sb, Cr, V, Mo, Se, Sn, W (0.1-­‐1000 ppm), Ag, Bi, Au, Te, (0.1-­‐100 ppm), U, Tl (0.01-­‐100 ppm) (Large et al., 2007; 2009). •  Trace metals in pyrite may occur in several ways; –  as invisible solid solu9on within the pyrite structure; –  within invisible nano-­‐inclusions of other sulfides or elements; –  within visible micron-­‐sized inclusions of other sulfides –  within visible micron-­‐sized inclusions of silicate or carbonate minerals. –  There has been no a`empt in this study to remove the effects of micron-­‐sized inclusions on the pyrite analyses. 7 RESULTS: Pyrite in Orogenic Au deposits •
•
•
Pyrite in orogenic deposits is commonly euhedral and zoned due to fluctua9ons in the chemistry of the hydrothermal fluids (Fleet et al., 1989; mummin et al., 1994; Large et al., 2007;2009; Thomas et al., 2011) Consequently laser spot analyses reveal considerable variabilty in individual pyrite grains. However certain features of the pyrite chemistry is consistant for the Yilgarn orogenic gold samples Pic of a zoned pyrite LA-­‐ICPMS images of Co and Ni in pyrite from an orogenic gold deposit 8 Au-­‐As and Au-­‐Te Associa/ons !"#$%&#'(#)%#*+,)-(#
!".!/#0+,)-(#
!".'(#0+,)-(#
Fig.4: Au-­‐Te plot (individual analysis): Two fields are evident the lower field with a high Te/Au ra9o depicts the Au-­‐Te associa9on. VHMS pyrite mainly plots in this field also. 9 !"#!$%&%!"#'(%!$$)*+,-).$%
Au-­‐As and Au-­‐Te Associa/ons !"#$%&'()*+#&,-#.*/+)(0&
4*52%$&
!$#!"%
,$$)*+,-).%
'(#!$#!"%
'(#!"%
,$$)*+,-).% ,$$)*+,-).%
12%)*/#&3$.&
6$%78%$&9#55&
:-$5*,#&
;75<#%&"*5#&
?$%,#@#5<&
;)$%%(&1.*+-&
>$<<*%=+7%&
"*%A$)&
:,0",1%
D2%+&
/(01"$$,%
B#<##.#)&
D*55&EF&
2)1$($3)(%4+035$%
C72$%.#&
4$55$H(&
6)47(.%61)8(%
9*=&9#55& 17%=G$%=&
9*"774($%
I$+-$%/&
>7)'-()(&
>52+7%*,&
3$)57+&
"$(H#55&
Fig.5: Classifica9on of Orogenic Au ores based on Au-­‐As-­‐Te associa/ons in pyrite. These differences are cri9cal for metallurgical treatment and gold recovery. Each data point is the average for pyrite analysed from that deposit. 10 !"#!$%&'()*+,-%.,%/0+$',.1%230.4'%
Au-­‐Ag Rela/ons in Orogenic Au pyrite !"#!-%+0'-%%
!"6!$%
!"#5'%+0'-%%
!$6!"%
Fig.6: Au-­‐Ag plot (average pyrite composi9ons): Au-­‐As ore pyrites have a low Ag content and Au/Ag ra9o between 1 and 100. Au-­‐Te ore pyrites are higher in Ag with Au/Ag ra9os from 1 to 0.001. The higher Ag in Au-­‐Te ores is present as Au-­‐Ag-­‐tellurides. 11 Fig. 7: pyrite LA-­‐ICPMS analyses which plot above the maximum solubility line (pink field) contain free gold inclusions, whereas analyses which plot below the line (blue field) contain solid solu9on (refractory) gold in pyrite. Our data for WA orogenic gold deposits suggests the maximum Au solubility line may be lower than determined by Reich et al., 2005. Most of deposits with high Au and As contents have the majority of Au in the refractory form. However, such deposits as Golden Mile, Chalice, Kanowna Belle, Lancefield and Youanmi also have a considerable amount of Au as inclusions. 12 Orogenic pyrite Data Summarised by Province: Murchison Fig.8. Comparison of trace element contents for pyrites from orogenic Au deposits from Murchison Province. 13 Pyrite in VHMS Deposits •  Pyrites from VHMS deposits tend to have higher Sn, Se, Cu, Pb, Bi and lower Ni rela9ve to orogenic deposits. VHMS deposits mostly have Co>Ni, As>100Au, Te>Au, Se>Te. •  They have much more abundant inclusions of galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite in the pyrite. Commonly inclusions of tellurides or some other complex sulfosalts were apparent (Pb+Bi+Ag+Te+Sb) from the laser data. •  Au is mostly low and refractory (commonly 0.01 to 1 ppm) with rare inclusions of free Au or as part of the telluride complexes. •  Degrussa has the highest gold in pyrite, commonly from 0.1 to 10 ppm •  Generally pyrite analyses from VHMS deposits could be dis9nguished by having Sb/Au>8, Cu/As > 0.1 and Sn/W > 1 14 Chemical Discrimina/on between Orogenic Au pyrite and VHMS pyrite •
•
VHMS pyrites have higher levels of Cu, Co, Pb, Se, Zn, Sn and Bi, orogenic gold pyrites have higher levels of Ni, As, Au, W, V and Cr •
These differences may partly relate to the source of the ore fluids (i.e. sedimentary, mafic volcanic or felsic volcanic), but are also affected by the temperature and salinity of the fluids. •
Copper, Pb, Zn, Co and Sn are all transported as chloride complexes in saline weakly acidic hydrothermal fluids such as VHMS fluids. Orogenic ore fluids are low salinity, neutral pH, favouring transport of Au and As in the more soluble bi-­‐sulfide complexes. •
Co and Se tend to concentrate in high temperature pyrites, usually found in the copper-­‐rich parts or footwall altera9on zone of VHMS systems. 15 Chemical Discrimina/on between Orogenic Au pyrite and VHMS pyrite; Co-­‐Ni !"#$%&%'&()*%+,&
1234&
5)*%+,&
!"-$%&.&/0&
!"-$%&.&/&
6*"7,'%8&
5)*%+,&
16 Chemical Discrimina/on between Orogenic Au pyrite !"#$%&'(&)*+',-&
and VHMS pyrite; Cu-­‐As ./01&
2*+',-&
3+45-('6&
2*+',-&
17 $/12%)/%3'()*+%
Chemical Discrimina/on between Orogenic Au pyrite and VHMS pyrite; Sn-­‐W ,(-.+/)0%
&'()*+%
!"#$%
&'()*+%
18 Pyrite vector scores for Orogenic and VHMS Deposits •
•
In order to produce one discrimina9on diagram and develop fer9lity indicator and vector parameters we have produced a pyrite scoring system for VHMS and Orogenic deposits, based on the typical pyrite trace element composi9ons for each deposit type. Orogenic Au score = (Ni * 0.1) + (Au * 50) + (Te * 10) + (Bi * 2) + (As * 1.0) + (W * 10) •
VHMS score = (Co * 0.1) + (Cu * 1) + (Pb * 1) + (Cd * 10) + (Se * 10) + (Sn * 50) + (Tl * 20) •
All elements in ppm •
Each score varies from 10 to 1,000,000 and the discrimina9on and vector power is shown in Fig. 21. 19 !"#$%&'()*+)*,-.)/0"'1%).(#"%+)
Vector Score Diagram; All Pyrite Data !8!9:4;<)=>)
?;:2@)
2#3)+(#"%+)
4#1)5'6$&#+7()
*,-.)
?;:2@)
20 A0#>4"0#B*="103>>(*
A)3-#,'$B*8#0>">%#"*C'1%->*
!"#$%&'()*+,)
+),$-%&.)
/012),'.&+")
@(13(0*
!#)6",*!0#?"*
:$366)">*
/0#1",'$*!#)6*
9',N(0*
9(0>*A'-*
A#04%505*
9(5+"))*
=(0)#-*
I"6""&"0*
J#3(,&"B*:#,1?(,1*
83,-*
C(,$"K")6B*L(-%(,>*
@3,$M#,*
<())(+5*
A(66',1-#,B*8'))*FG*
!#)6",*9')"B*E'1*E"))*
!0(,,5*:&'-%B*H%()'$"*
:3,0'>"*=(&B*<')3,(*
23*
O"*
E'*
2>*
<*
L'*
D(,#.,(*E"))*
!"#$%"&'$()*+()(,$"*+"-."",*/0#1",'$*23*450'-"*(,6*
Graded scale; Orogenic to VHMS 789:*450'-"*;#0*<2*="4#>'->*
789:*
21 H3*
A+*
H6*
:"*
:,*
O)*
H#*
Rapid Scan Laser Pb-­‐isotopes •  The LA-­‐ICPMS method used for this project collects data for the three Pb isotopes (206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb) at the same 9me as the other 35 elements. This data is semi-­‐quan9ta9ve and we refer to the resultant data as rapid scan Pb isotopes. 204Pb is not measured due to the low count rates. •  Previous research (Meffre et al., 2008) has shown that LA-­‐ICPMS Pb isotope ra9o measurements on pyrite can be extremely useful. Although semi-­‐quan9ta9ve, the rapid scan data can be used to determine a rough age for pyrite deposi9on (Fig. 24), and give an order of paragenesis for different pyrite types or episodes of mineralisa9on. 22 Laser Scan Pb Isotopes -­‐ VHMS Fig. 19: Histograms of 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb ra9os for all VHMS pyrite analyses 23 Laser Scan Pb Isotopes – Orogenic Au 24 Results: Co-­‐Funded EIS Drill Hole Sampling Fig. 21 . Geological map of Western Australia with approximate loca7ons of studied EIS drill holes 25 Co-­‐Funded EIS Drill Hole Sampling •  Five EIS drill holes were selected for study to test the fer9lity and vector scores and provide informa9on on background pyrite chemistry •  The concept we used was to select pyri9c samples from each hole to determine: –  Is the pyrite part of an orogenic or VHMS ore system? –  If yes, can we place a priority on the pyrite intersec9on –  Is the pyrite proximal or distal to prospec9ve ores? 26 EIS Hole ATD 101 !"#$%&%$'$"()*+,+-$./$0123$45,+/67./$
4"&%5/+
1&'2-3"0+
898:4;<=$!>$
?<4@#$
4"&%5/+
,-./"0+
!"#$%&'()*+
0123$
?<4@#$
Fig. 23. Vector score plot for ATD 101 pyrites. The data suggests a distal to proximal off-­‐hole signal with 2 samples in the high priority VHMS target field. This is a good result in view of the fact that this hole was targeted along strike from the Aus9n VHMS deposit and intersected weak stra9form zinc that was not sampled in this study. 27 !"#$%&'()$#*+,-.-/$01$2-/3405.-/$67$
898:!;<6$=7$
><!?@$
4"&%5/+
1&'2-3"0+
4"&%5/+
,-./"0+
!"#$%&'()*+
ABC2$
><!?@$
Fig. 25: Vector score plot for EPT 0798 pyrites. The data suggests a distal to proximal signal. However the vector signal is similar to that recorded elsewhere is metalliferous black shales (CODES in-­‐house database), and is thus considered diagnos9c of the higher background black shale environment, rather than proximity to mineralisa9on. 28 ").-(234(5(6789:;:<(=>(?@;87A7BC(%D(
!"!#$%&'()*(
+&$,-(
4"&%5/+
1&'2-3"0+
4"&%5/+
,-./"0+
!"#$%&'()*+
./01(
+&$,-(
Fig. 28: Vector score plot for RAVD 120 pyrites. The data suggests a proximal to high poten9al VHMS target signal, which implies proximal off-­‐hole mineralisa9on of significance. Follow-­‐up sampling has been undertaken to test the veracity of these highly encouraging scores. 29 !"#$%&'())*"+&,-.&/012345&
!"#$%$&'($")*+',$#-.'
/0"+-1*+)'2.34'56'
Zircon age @ 2951 + 17 Ma 76%*#$')#%*18$%'
901$'3.:;4'56'
<*"*+*=$&',$#-.)$&*,$1#>',*10%'
?$&&$&'56'-1&')5@-"$%*#$'
A$#-.,-=+'/0"+-1*+'10'56'
A$#-'($")*+'/0"+-1*+"-)B+)'
D$%6',*10%'+56.56'(%0,'
2E3.2FG,'
A$#-.C"#%-,-=+'
Fig. 29: Summary log of RAVD 120. From 0 to 200 m down hole are the basic elements of an overturned VHMS system. Altered meta felsic volcanics with minor pyrite (altered footwall) are followed at 150m by a thin stringer pyrite zone and then a mixed clas9c and exhala9ve meta sediment with minor pyrite and sphalerite bands. This unit (bright blue) could poten9ally host Cu-­‐Zn massive sulfides off-­‐hole. 30 Zircon Date on Meta Volcanics data-point error ellipses are 68.3% conf.
0.66
0.62
3000
206Pb/238U
0.58
2900
2800
0.54
2700
0.50
2600
2500
0.46
2400
Intercepts at
1290±240 & 2951±17 Ma
MSWD = 1.9
0.42
0.38
9
11
13
207Pb/235U
15
17
19
31 Hypothe/cal VHMS Target, based on RAVD 120 core logging Meta-­‐volcanic sediment 2-­‐5% py Footwall altera9on zone 2-­‐3% py Massive sulfide target: Cu-­‐Zn-­‐Au Conductor Fig 2 Unaltered Meta-­‐volcanics no py Meta-­‐ultramafic !"#$$%&'()*+,-,.'/0'123'4*/+,056'7/8.'
4947!:2#';<'
32!=>'
4"&%5/+
1&'2-3"0+
4"&%5/+
,-./"0+
!"#$%&'()*+
?@AB'
32!=>'
Fig. 31: Vector score plot for UEC007 pyrites. The majority of the pyrite data plots in the orogenic gold field. The data suggests a proximal posi9on with respect to orogenic gold, but with no samples in the high poten9al target field. 33 Drill Hole SHD001A !"#$$%&'(&)*+,-.-/&01&2*,1-34&'105*67&8$95&
10+.:&0;&"0+<-<:0-&=>,:.<&?"2!&
4"&%5/+
1&'2-3"0+
@A@BCDEF&'G&
HEC=#&
4"&%5/+
,-./"0+
!"#$%&'()*+
?"2!&
HEC=#&
Fig.33: Vector score plot for SHD001 A pyrites. Only one of the samples collected contained pyrite. The data plots in the VHMS field, but with only one sample tested, this result holds li`le weight. 34 Drill Hole THD001 •  Our data. Pyrite in the Johnson Cairn black shales is strongly anomalous in Au, Pt (0.1-­‐1.0 ppm), Ag (1-­‐50 ppm), As, Pb and Co (100-­‐10,000 ppm) and Te, Tl (0.1-­‐100 ppm). Gold, Tl, Te and Ag increase up stra9graphy toward the top of the black shale succession. This data indicates the Johnson Cairn Forma9on is par9cularly enriched in trace metals and is an ideal source rock for orogenic Au and hydrothermal PGE. •  Conclusions. The Johnson Cairn black shales are strongly anomalous in a range of trace elements. They are an ideal source rock for orogenic sediment-­‐hosted gold and are worthy of systema9c explora9on. 35 Conclusions and Recommenda/ons: 1) LA-­‐ICPMS analyses of minor to major quan99es of distal pyrite can be used to indicate deposit fer9lity and discrimina9on between VHMS pyrite and Orogenic Au pyrite. 2) VHMS pyrites generally have higher levels of Cu, Co, Pb, Se, Zn, Sn and Bi, whereas orogenic gold pyrites have higher levels of Ni, As, Au, W, V and Cr. These differences relate to source rocks and differences in salinity, temperature and pH of the ore fluids 3) The pyrite discrimina9on pa`erns are preserved up to amphibolite facies metamorphism . 3) Vector scores have been developed for both VHMS and orogenic pyrite and enable a pyrite drill intersec9on to be classified as background, distal, proximal or a high priority target. 4) Rapid scan Pb isotope analysis, which forms part of the pyrite vector package, enables an es9mate of the age of the pyrite, which may then be compared with known mineraliza9on ages in the district. This helps to place priori9es on pyrite mineralized intersec9ons. 36 Conclusions and Recommenda/ons 5) A high priority VHMS target has been defined for follow-­‐up by applying the pyrite vectoring technique to five recent co-­‐funded EIS drill holes in WA. 6) A second priority target is defined by anomalous Pt in pyrite within dolerite. 7) The pyrite vector technique is rela9vely cheap compared to the cost of an EIS drill hole. Costs are $2500 per drill hole (assumes 5 pyri9c zones sampled and 50 pyrite analyses for 35 elements per hole). This cost compares favourably with a down-­‐hole EM survey. Both techniques have the poten9al to detect distal off-­‐hole anomalies. 8) It is recommended that the LA-­‐ICPMS pyrite vectoring method outlined in this report be adopted for follow-­‐up on all EIS co-­‐funded drill holes in Western Australia. 37 Forward Work Program to July 2015 •  Sample and analyse ore-­‐related and halo magne9te in VHMS and orogenic systems (Golden Mile, Randals, Hill 50, Crusader, Sunrise Dam, St Ives, Gossan Hill, Degrussa, Hamersley BIFs, mafic rock background magne9te). Approx. 200 analyses •  Complete pyrite & pyrrho9te ore sampling and analysis in Yandal Belt (Jundee, Bronze Wing, Julius), Albany-­‐Fraser (Tropicana) and other belts suggested by GSWA. Approx. 100 analyses •  Complete “background” pyrite database of Yilgarn lithologies using EIS drill holes. Approx. 200 analyses •  Sample and analyse black shale pyrite throughout the Yilgarn (focus on Eastern Goldfields). Approx 100 analyses 38