Lighting Legislation
….The good, the bad, and the ugly!
Bob Horner
IES Director of Public Policy
January 15, 2014
A Take on the “Polar Vortex”…..
IES Public Policy Strategy
• “Position IES as an advocate for quality lighting among the public”
• “Position IES as an advocate for quality lighting among Governmental entities”
• Position IES as the “Lighting Authority” for all legislative and regulatory activity
• Establish active, working relationships with other industry organizations
• Focus on Buildings, not Products
• Advocate to the federal government regarding new measures of energy efficiency
that promote good lighting design, proper application, and overall “lighting quality”
What’s Bob been doing?
•
Visiting Washington, DC on a monthly (or more) basis
•
Reporting activities to the IES Board and membership
– Attending Board meetings
– Writing a bi-monthly column for LD+A
– Maintaining a web page for Public Policy issues (see IES Home Page)
– Listserv email to notify interested members of regulatory comment items and deadlines
•
Developing relationships with industry organizations, advocates, and government agencies
– IALD, ASHRAE, NEMA, AIA, USGBC, NIBS, IDA, ASE, HPBCCC, BOMA, ACEEE
– DOE, GSA, EPA
•
Co-Chairing the Existing Buildings Committee of the NIBS Consultative Council
– Report to the President and Congress
•
Steering Committee – NEMA Daylight Management Council
•
Giving presentations to IES Sections
•
Planning a Washington, DC “fly-in” for key IES Board members
The U.S. Congress
Interesting facts and figures
Congressional Partisanship
155
147
149
119
103
83
75
61
71
53
51
100
81
85
82
79
53
51
26
20
24
12
33
30
23
9
36
28
24
16
10
14
24
18
6
8
6
10
10
12
17
14
6
10
11
10
0
Source: Senate.gov, 2012; Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives, 2012; CNN, 2012.
5
2
6
10
8
Senate Elections: 2014 and Beyond
Current Senate Breakdown
Number of Senate seats in the 113th Congress, by party
50
Analysis
•In 2014, Democrats will be playing defense
•Republican Jeff Chiesa has been appointed to fill the vacancy created by the death of Sen. Lautenberg in New Jersey; if, as expected, a
Democrat wins the special election scheduled for October 2013, then the total number of Senate seats required for Republicans to win
a majority in the Senate in 2014 will return to six, with the Senate split 55-45
* Includes two Independents, Angus King (I-Maine) and Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), who caucus with the Dems
Source: The Cook Political Report.
Tenures in the New Senate
Senators by Tenure
112th Congress
18+ Years
Senators by Tenure
113th Congress
0-5 Years
12-17 Years
18+ Years
0-5 Years
12-17 Years
6-11 Years
Average: 12.4 years
6-11 Years
Average: 10.5 years
Tenure for the 112th Congress is computed considering tenure up to the present. Tenure for the 113th Congress is computed considering tenure as of January 2013.
Source: National Journal, 2012; GovTrack.us, 2012; Congressional Research Service, 2012.
Senate Elections: 2014 and Beyond
2014 Senate Races by Cook Political Report
State Partisan Voter Index
Senators running in 2014 by Cook Political Report State Partisan Voter Index
D+10 or Greater
D+5 to D+9.9
D+4.9 to R+4.9
R+5 to R+9.9
R+10 or Greater
DEMOCRATS (20)
Schatz (HI) D+19.5
Reed (RI) D+11.3
Markey (MA) D+9.6
Coons (DE) D+8.2
Durbin (IL) D+7.8
MI (Levin) D+3.8
Franken (MN) D+1.8
Merkley (OR) D+4.5
Udall (CO) D+0.8
Harkin (IA) D+1.1
Udall (NM) D+3.7
Shaheen (NH) D+1
Hagan (NC) R+3.3
Warner (VA) EVEN
Baucus (MT) R+7
Begich (AK) R+12
Pryor (AR) R+14
Johnson (SD) R+9.6
Rockefeller (WV) R+13
Landrieu (LA) R+11.9
Chambliss (GA) R+6.1
Cochran (MS)** R+9
Scott (SC) R+7.8
Graham (SC) R+7.8
Sessions (AL) R+13.9
Risch (ID) R+17.5
Roberts (KS) R+12.2
McConnell (KY) R+12.7
Johanns* (NE) R+12.2
Inhofe (OK) R+19
Alexander (TN) R+11.8
Cornyn (TX) R+9.8
Enzi (WY) R+21.7
REPUBLICANS (15)
Collins (ME) D+5.5
Chiesa (NJ) D+5.6
* Senator seat is open ** Potential retirement
Source: The Cook Political Report.
2014 House Elections
Current House Breakdown
Number of House seats in the 113th Congress, by party
Analysis
Democrats need a 17-seat gain to win control of the House in 2014
* Includes 1 currently vacant Republican-held district (Bonner, AL-01)
Source: Cook Political Report.
Demographic Profile of the Freshman Class
A Look at the Congressional Class of 2012 by the Numbers
House
Freshman
House
NonFreshman
Senate
Freshman
Senate
NonFreshman
All Congress
40 and
Under
19%
5%
8%
0%
7%
Women
23%
16%
42%
29%
19%
African
American
6%
10%
0%
0%
9%
Hispanic
10%
5%
8%
5%
6%
NonChristian
8%
7%
8%
14%
7%
Prior
Military
Service
15%
20%
0%
14%
18%
Previously
Held Office
62%
100%
83%
100%
93%
Congressional Gridlock, Explained by a Whale Tale
House Members by Percentage of Votes with Respective Party Majority*
Democratic House Member
Votes with Democratic Majority More Often
Republican House Member
Votes with GOP Majority More Often
Analysis
•96.6% of votes from Rep. Frederica Wilson (D-Fla.) aligned with the Democratic majority, more than any other Dem in the House;
100% of Rep. John Boehner’s (R-Ohio) votes aligned with the GOP majority, the most of any House Republican
•More House Democrats than Republicans voted with their party less than 80% of the time, and Rep. Jim Matheson (D-Utah) voted
with his party the least (59.7%) of all House Members
* The chart above factors in every single vote taken since the beginning of the 113th session of Congress; since the majority of votes are routine, even highly independent
lawmakers will seem to vote with their party caucus most of the time, but the chart depicts the relative ideological spectrum in the House
Source: opencongress.org
Federal Legislation
Energy and Lighting
The Final Phase of the Phase-out
Federal Regulatory Trend: Lighting & Energy
Lamps
(LPW metric)
Ballasts
(BEF or efficiency
metric)
Luminaires
(LPW or Task
LPW metric)
Application
based, allowing
for differences in
glare control and
dark-sky
considerations in
outdoor types)
Buildings
with energy
requirements
affecting lamps,
ballasts,
luminaires,
daylighting
systems, and
controls
(Power Density
or possibly
Energy Density
metric –
application
specific)
“Appliance” standards vs. “Building” standards
Appliance standards:
• focus is on individual products or performance
• does not consider the optimization of components in the installed condition
• push products to “max tech” performance, but may not consider quality.
What is a lighting system?
• A lighting system is not just a collection of individual pieces of equipment such
as lamps, light fixtures, electrical components and controls.
• A lighting system is a cohesive integration of components, including software,
optics and electrical or electronic controls, installed in an application.
• A lighting system:
– accounts for the performance of all electric lighting integrated with daylight, as
well as effects from the environment itself (interiors, windows, skylights);
– Enables the evaluation of total energy use rather than component efficiency;
and
– Considers the quality of light for productivity and comfort
Building standards:
• focus on overall energy use rather than component performance
• promote a “systems” approach and achieve greater overall energy efficiency.
19
Legislation Driving Energy Efficiency in the U.S.
Year
Statute
Residential
Commercial
2005
Energy Policy Act of
2005
§135 Appliance
standards, 124
efficiency
appliance
rebates
Efficiency
standards for
commercial
equipment
2007
Energy Independence
and Security Act of
2007
Light bulb and
consumer
appliance
standards
Institutional
Grants and Loan;
Zero-energy
Commercial
Buildings
2009
American Recovery &
Reinvestment Act
(ARRA)
Weatherization
funding for lowincome homes
Industrial
EPCA §371
Industrial
Waste Energy
Recovery
Transport
Electric
Federal/State
Government
Fuel efficiency
studies
Net-metering,
Interconnect
standards,
PURPA relief
§101 Energy saving
measures in Federal
buildings
§101, new
CAFE
Standards
Title XIII,
Smart Grid
policy
§141 Fed fleet
requirements;
§431,521 high
performance
Federal buildings;
§541 EECGB
Electric
vehicle and
battery
funding
Smart grid
funding;
transmission
study funding
State Energy Office
Funding; EECGB
Funding
Effect of Energy Efficiency in the U.S.
140
120
EISA 2007
100
2000 Production
Projection
80
2000
Consumption
Projection
60
2010 Production
Projection
EPAct 05
20
ARRA 2009
40
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
2026
2028
2030
2032
2034
0
Source: EIA Production and Consumption Projections
2010
Consumption
Projection
Decoupling Economic Growth and Energy Demand
$25
120
Economic Output (Left Axis)
Energy Demand (Right Axis)
100
$20
$15
60
$10
40
$5
20
$0
0
2030
2028
2026
2024
2022
2020
2018
2016
2014
2012
2010
2008
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
1972
1970
Source: BEA, EIA, and Rhodium Group
Quadrillion BTU
Trillion 2005 USD
80
New Federal Legislation
Specific Bills
Energy Efficiency in Congress
-Senate
- Shaheen Portman (S.1392)
- Passed the Energy Committee 19-3
- Was to begin debate in October but indefinitely delayed because of
Syria vote, Affordable Care Act issues, and, and, and……
- Would be the first energy bill on the Senate floor in years
- House
- Remains to be seen if House will act on energy efficiency
- Conservative members are not as supportive of energy efficiency
S.1392 - Energy Savings and Industrial
Competitiveness Act of 2013
• Sponsored by Sens. Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) and Rob Portman (R-OH)
• DOE must set, within 1 year of enactment, (stricter?) targets for energy savings
in commercial and residential buildings using the 2009 IECC Residential code
and ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010 Commercial code as the baselines
• Targets for specific years must be set that are technologically feasible and life-
cycle cost effective (ROI)
• DOE must assist code-setting bodies by giving technical and monetary
assistance ($200M) to the states
• Also supports training at the University level, financing for building owners and
manufacturers, and proposes a “Supply Star” initiative to improve supply chain
efficiency and logistics
Other Federal Energy Bills
• H.R. 1616 (same name as S. 1392)
• House version of Shaheen/Portman
• Sponsored by Rep. McKinley (R-WV) and Welch (D-VT)
• 18 co-sponsors (only 2 of which are Republican)
• Currently in the House Energy and Commerce Committee
• H.R. 2126, “The Better Buildings Act of 2013”
• Sponsored by McKinley and Welch
• Also known as “Tenant Star”
• Allows building tenants to benefit from making energy-saving
modifications
• S.1084, “The Streamlining Energy Efficiency for Schools Act of 2013”
• Sponsored by Sens. Mark Udall (D-CO) and Susan Collins (R-ME)
• Designates the DOE office of EE & RE as responsible for coordinating
federal, state, and local assistance for energy retrofits in schools
Yet More Federal Energy Bills
• H.R. 2128, “The Home Owner Managing Energy Savings Act of 2013”
• Sponsored by McKinley and (you guessed it) Welch
• Re-instate rebates for residential energy modifications
• H.R. 1659, “The Federal Buildings Energy Savings Act of 2013”
• Sponsored by Reps. Cory Gardner (R-CO) and (guess who?) Welch
• Encourages federal buildings to use private financing for energy
modifications via ESPCs (performance contractors)
• S.1206, “A Bill To encourage benchmarking and disclosure of energy
information for commercial buildings”
• Sponsored by Senator Al Franken (D-MN)
• Federal version of existing municipal laws
• House version (H.R. 3820) just introduced
• H.R. 3818, “Thomas Edison Bulb Act of 2014”
• Introduced Jan. 8, 2014 by Rep. Jeff Duncan (R-SC)
• Continuing attempt to undo the incandescent lamp phase-out
Federal Buildings Personnel Training Act of 2010
• Requires the General Services Administration (GSA) to develop
and implement a government-wide program to train and certify
personnel performing building operations and maintenance
activities in federal buildings.
• Also applies to non-Federal personnel
• Senate Bill S.3250 – passed July 20, 2010
• Sponsored by Thomas Carper (D-DE)
• House Bill H.R.5112 – passed in December, 2010
• Sponsored by Russ Carnahan (D – MO)
• Had bi-partisan support
• Curriculum now under development by GSA
My Personal Favorite Bill Title
S.1199, “All of the Above Federal Building
Energy Consumption Act of 2013”
•
Sponsored by Sens. John Hoeven (R-ND) and Joe Manchin III
(D-WV)
•
Requires Federal buildings to reduce energy consumption
(BTU/sq.ft./year) by 45% by the year 2020 (using 2003 as a
baseline)
Metal Halide Luminaires Proposed Rule
Behind schedule
Currently in the Notice of Proposed Rule Stage (NOPR)
- Proposed being the key word!
- Public workshop held on September 27 at DOE in Washington
- Current effective date is January 1, 2015
- Scope includes all wattages (below 150 and above 500)
- Current NOPR proposes to eliminate exemptions for:
- 150 watt
- Wet location
-55 degree C products
-The lighting industry has provided extensive comments regarding
the standard, exemptions, and effective date
- The rule is now with OMB to score it
Metal Halide Luminaires Proposed Rule, cont.
Copy of the NOPR http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EERE2009-BT-STD-0018-0041
HID Lamp Rule
-Covers Mercury Vapor (50-1000w), HPS (50-1000w) and Metal Halide (502000w)
- NEMA has submitted comments pushing back against coverage over
1000w citing their specialty and limited uses.
-Mercury Vapor Lamps Impact
- It is possible that DOE will set standards that will effectively eliminate
MV
State Legislation and
Regulations
Outdoor Lighting
Outdoor Lighting – State Level
• Pending or upcoming legislation in several states
• Often initiated by members of the International Dark Skies
Association (IDA)
• Typically, the bills start out requiring fully shielded (a.k.a., full
cutoff) optics for all outdoor luminaires
• The lighting industry is opposed to this
Outdoor Lighting Legislation
• Legislation is typically technology neutral (at least for light sources)
• It is NOT necessarily technology neutral for luminaires
• Processing exceptions is a problem
• Enforcement/compliance is a problem
• Training of code officials/enforcement personnel is a problem
• Legislation is NOT typically energy-oriented, but skyglow/trespassoriented
State Outdoor Lighting Bills
Maryland
• In late 2012, an IDA member submitted language to require fully shielded
luminaires for all outdoor applications
• IALD, NEMA, and IES involved in negotiations with IDA member and legislator
to use full cutoff only for roadway and parking lots
• In the meantime, to prevent having to negotiate 49 additional bills, IES, NEMA,
and IALD produced a model bill. The national IDA agreed with it. This model
bill could be presented as an industry-supported bill (legislators like this!)
• Bill not brought to floor for vote in 2013 – concerns over enforcement and
compliance
• Hearing scheduled for January 16 – NEMA attending.
State Outdoor Lighting Bills
Massachusetts
• IDA members submitted language to require fully shielded (aka, full cutoff)
luminaires for all outdoor applications
• IALD and NEMA involved in negotiations with IDA members to use fully
shielded only for roadway and parking lots
• In July, 2013, public testimony was given by two members of the IDA
(members of IES, IALD, and NEMA were not able to attend)
• IDA presented the joint industry agreement at the hearing
• No further activity but situation is being monitored
State Outdoor Lighting Bills
New York
• IDA members submitted language to require full cutoff luminaires for all
outdoor applications
• NEMA involved in negotiations with IDA members to use full cutoff only for
roadway and parking lots
• Bill did not pass in 2013; could not be worked out prior to end of session
• NEMA continuing negotiations this year
State Outdoor Lighting Bills
New Jersey
• Outdoor lighting bill passed by legislature in 2011; vetoed by Governor
• Bill reintroduced 2012, but met with opposition from the lighting community
• Bill sitting in committee; not introduced in 2013
• On the watch list for 2014
State Outdoor Lighting Bills
Arkansas
• State Legislature introduced a bill in early 2013
• Re-introduction of the “Shielded Outdoor Lighting Act of 2010”
• Local high-profile business person made the argument against this and
succeeded in getting the bill killed
The MLO
• Years in gestation, approved by both the IDA and the
IES in June, 2011.
• Provides for reduction in skyglow and light trespass
while adhering to principles of good lighting design
• Many of its features adapted from TM-15 “Luminaire
Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires”
• Aimed at municipalities, townships, etc.
• Adopted by city of Plymouth, MN; Memphis, TN
investigating.
What will likely happen in 2014?
House and Senate Energy Bills or
DOE Rulemakings
MV Lamps:
IRL:
DOE
rulemaking
stalled for
exempt BR/ER
lamps.
Double Ended
Halogen Lamps:
High wattage (500W
Banned
and higher) must
effective
have higher efficacy
2016 (?) –
by 2016; was part
either in an
of the outdoor
energy bill or
lighting legislation,
in a
now dead
rulemaking
CBTD:
Original
legislation
expired 2013.
Proposed
legislation to
increase to
$4/sq ft
Outdoor
Luminaires:
Minimum LPWs,
issue dead.
Trends in Lighting Legislation & Regulation
Energy Performance of Systems & Buildings
Trends
Examples
Increasing requirements for use of lighting
controls in new and renovated buildings
California Title 24 Energy Code: Nonresidential lighting in new buildings,
beginning 2014, will require “controllable
lighting”; dimming will be very important
Moving away from measuring only installed
lighting wattage in buildings to measuring
and counting real energy use; this may
lead to sub-metering of lighting and other
building systems
Trade associations and professional
lighting societies: Strong advocacy to
measure building energy use in BTU per
square foot per year (or kilocalories per
square meter per year)
Moving to “Net Zero Energy” Buildings
EISA: Requires net zero energy in new
commercial construction by the year 2030
Increased use of daylighting, along with
sensors and controls for electric lighting
installed in daylit spaces
ASHRAE/IES 90.1 – 2013 Energy Code:
Sets the lighting power density so low that
many buildings must use daylighting (and
more controls) to meet the energy code
Energy Efficiency Tax Incentives
Expiring IRS tax provisions:
• Appliance manufacturer credit (45M)
• New homes builder credit (45L)
• Home improvements consumer credit (25C)
• Alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit
(30C)
• Higher exclusion from income for mass transit
benefits (132 (f))
• Commercial building tax deduction (179D)
113th Congress - Agenda
Sequestration/austerity measures
FY 2014 budget & appropriations
Rollbacks: BULB Act, riders
Debt ceiling increase
Immigration Reform
Gun control
Full implementation of the Affordable Care Act
Complete execution of Dodd-Frank (Wall Street Reform)
Farm Bill
FY 2014 NDAA
Surface Transportation Reauthorization
Water Resources Development Act
Tax & entitlement program reform
Broader energy package
Reintroduction of existing proposals
Useful Websites
http://www.house.gov – U.S. House of Representatives
http://clerk.house.gov – Clerk of the House of Representatives
http://senate.gov – U.S. Senate
http://thomas.loc.gov – Library of Congress
http://www.govtrack.us – Track Bills and Congressional activity
http://www.nema.org – NEMA
http://lumennow.org – LUMEN Coalition
http://bcap-ocean.org – Building Codes Assistance Project
http://www.usgbc.org – U.S. Green Building Council
http://ase.org – The Alliance to Save Energy
http://www.ashrae.org - ASHRAE
http://www.ies.org – Illuminating Engineering Society
Thank you for your attention!
Following are slides detailing California Title 24 lighting regulations
and federal product regulations. Please contact me with questions or
for more information.
rhorner@ies.org
BONUS SLIDES
California Title 24
Details of current lighting requirements
CA Title 24 2013
Outdoor Luminaire Cutoff Requirements
All outdoor luminaires rated for use with lamps greater than 150 lamp watts, shall comply with
Backlight, Uplight, and Glare (collectively referred to as "BUG" in accordance with IES TM-15-11,
Addendum (A) requirements as follows:
A. There are no Backlight requirements; and
B. Maximum zonal lumens for Uplight shall be in accordance with Table 130.2-A, which is somewhat
stricter than IES TM-15 in LZ2; and
C. Maximum zonal lumens for Glare shall be in accordance with Table 130.2-B, which are also
somewhat stricter than IES TM-15 for LZ1 and LZ2.
– EXCEPTIONS: Signs; lighting for building facades, public monuments, statues, and vertical
surfaces of bridges; lighting required not permitted by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or
regulation to be a cutoff luminaire, including but not limited to, emergency lighting; temporary
outdoor lighting; and, replacement of existing pole mounted luminaires in hardscape areas
meeting all of the following conditions:
• A. Where the existing luminaire does not meet the luminaire cutoff requirements in
Section 130.2(b); and
• B. Spacing between existing poles is greater than 6 times the mounting height of the
existing luminaires; and
• C. Where no additional poles are being added to the site; and
• D. Where new wiring to the luminaires is not being installed; and
• E. Provided that the connected lighting power wattage is not increased.
CA Title 24 2013
Outdoor Lighting Controls
Effective Jan 2014
Part-Night Outdoor Lighting Controls shall meet all of the following
requirements:
• Have sunrise and sunset prediction accuracy within +/- 15 minutes and
timekeeping accuracy within five minutes per year,
• Have the ability to setback or turn off lighting at night by means of a
programmable time clock or motion sensing device,
• When controlled with a time clock, shall be capable of being
programmed to allow the setback or turning off of the lighting to occur
from any time at night until any time in the morning, as determined by
the user
• Automatic shut off with photo-control or astronomical time-switch
• Exempts lighting for tunnels and certain safety conditions where 24hour operation is required.
CA Title 24 2013
Outdoor Lighting Controls
Effective Jan 2014
All outdoor lighting installed below 24 feet shall be controlled
with motion sensors
• The motion sensor shall be capable of automatically reducing the
lighting power of each luminaire by at least 40 percent but not
exceeding 80 percent, or provide continuous dimming through a
range that includes 40 percent through 80 percent, and shall employ
auto-ON functionality. No more than 1,500 watts of lighting power
shall be controlled together
• Exempts sales areas, facades, ornamental hardscape, pole
mounted luminaires 75 watts or less, non-pole mounted luminaires
30 watts or less
Comprehensive Overview of Legislation
and Regulations Affecting Lighting
Products
Some Energy & Labeling Related
Lighting Legislation, Regulations, and Specifications
Color Coding
Input into Rulemaking
2009
2010
2011
Effective
Date
Rule Issued, Adjust Products
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Energy & Labeling
IRL Rules, DOE
Tier 1 (LPW)
Tier 2 (all technologies))
GSFL Rules, DOE
Tier 1 (LPW)
Tier 2 (LPW)
Lamp Labeling Rule, FTC
HID Lamp Rules, DOE
Fluor. Ballast Rules, DOE
MH Luminaire Rules, DOE
GS Incan. Leg., US
2018
GS Lamps
Probe Start MH lamps targeted
Tier 1 (LPW)
T12, T8, T5 (Ballast Efficiency)
MH Ballast
Efficiency
Tier 1 (100W out)
75 out 60, 40 out
(45 LPW, all techs)
Energy Star, CFL screw base v4.0
Energy Star, LED screw base
v1.1
v1.0
Energy Star, Tech, Neutral
Buildings, CA Title 24
Applications, savings, CA
v4.0
LPW
ER.BR Exemptions End
Buildings, ASHRAE 90.1
v3.0
v2.0
2010
2013
2011
2016
2014
2019
2017
Energy reduction targets for Commercial Interior, Residential, and Outdoor; work with CEC
GENERAL SERVICE
INCANDESCENT LAMPS
General Service Incandescent Lamps
What law sets standards for GS incandescent lamps?
– The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) 2007
Which lamps are GS incandescent?
– Medium screw base line voltage incandescent and halogen lamps intended for
general use, from 310 through 2600 lumens
• Medium screw base A-shapes
• Medium screw base G-shapes ≤ 5 inches and >40 watts
• Medium screw base F, B, BA, S, and CA shapes >40 watts
Which lamps are not GS incandescent?
– Reflector lamps
– Low voltage lamps
– Colored lamps and special use lamps (e.g., bug, blacklight, appliance, 3-way, rough
and vibration service)
– Most décor lamps, however…
• Intermediate base lamps will be 40 watts max, and Candelabra base lamps will
be 60 watts max
The Rules
General Service Incandescent, SW, IF & Clear
Rated
Lumen
Ranges*
Approx.
Wattage
Today
New Max.
Rated
Wattage
New Min.
Rated
Lifetime
Effective Date
in the US
Effective Date
1490-2600
100
72
1,000 hours
1/1/2012
1/1/2011
1050-1489
75
53
1,000 hours
1/1/2013
1/1/2012
750-1049
60
43
1,000 hours
1/1/2014
1/1/2013
310-749
40
29
1,000 hours
1/1/2014
1/1/2013
California
Minimum of 80 CRI
Replacement options for standard incandescent include halogen, CFL and LED
Remember – the standards do not apply to CFL and LED – only to filament lamps
* To
find minimum LPW, divide lowest lumens in the range by the max allowable
wattage. e.g., 1490/72 = 20.7 LPW. Today’s common 100W is about 17 LPW.
The Rules
General Service Incandescent, Modified Spectrum
Rated
Lumen
Ranges*
Approx.
Wattage
Today
New Max.
Rated
Wattage
New Min.
Rated
Lifetime
Effective Date
in the US
Effective Date
1118-1950
100
72
1,000 hours
1/1/2012
1/1/2011
788-1117
75
53
1,000 hours
1/1/2013
1/1/2012
563-787
60
43
1,000 hours
1/1/2014
1/1/2013
232-562
40
29
1,000 hours
1/1/2014
1/1/2013
California
Modified spectrum goes by different brand names
Minimum of 75 CRI
Replacement options include halogen, CFL, and LED
These standards are about 25% less strict than for standard spectrum
lamps
Consumer Lighting: FTC Labeling Rule
Key elements of new labeling:
• Lumens – not watts--are to be prominent
• Lumen rating must be printed on the lamp
• Lumen rating must be on front of package, along with estimated energy cost per
year (at 11cents/kWh, 3 hours use per day)
• “Lighting Facts” label on back of package will additionally feature life (in years),
light appearance (as a scale from warm to cool plus the Kelvin temperature), and
“energy” used (in watts)
• CFLs have a “contains mercury” wording requirement + website
REFLECTOR LAMPS
Incandescent Reflector Lamps (IRL)
What is an IRL?
• A medium screw base line voltage incandescent or halogen reflector lamp
from 40W through 205W with a diameter >2.25 inches. Shapes include PAR,
BR, ER, R, K, and blown PAR. Rough Service and colored lamps are not
included.
Who regulates IRL in the US?
• The US Department of Energy (DOE) through the rulemaking process – the
most recent rule was issued in 2009 and primarily covers PAR lamps
What law currently governs ER, BR, and R20 Lamps?
• The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) exempts certain types
• Non-exempt types must meet the old 1992 standards or they are not allowed
When are the new standards for PAR lamps effective?
• July 14, 2012
The Rules
New IRL Standards Effective July 14, 2012
Lamp
Wattage
Lamp
Type
Standard
Spectrum
40W-205W
Modified
Spectrum
Diameter
Voltage
LPW: Determined by
Formulas
> 2.5 inches
(PAR30, PAR38, BR30 &
ER30, BR40 & ER40)
≥ 125
(130V)
6.8 X lamp watts0.27
< 125
(120V)
5.9 X lamp watts0.27
>2.25 inches & ≤ 2.5
inches
(R20 & PAR20)
≥ 125
(130V)
5.7 X lamp watts0.27
< 125
(120V)
5.0 X lamp watts0.27
Standards are approx. 17% less stringent than for Standard Spectrum Lamps.
Exemptions to IRL Standards:
Lamps that are 50W or less: ER30, BR30, BR40, and ER40
Lamps that are 65W exactly: BR30, BR40, and ER40
Lamps that are 45W or less: R20
Exemptions should remain intact until 2014. Exact date unknown at this time.
Example: 60W 120V PAR 38: new minimum is 17.8
LPW. The 1992 min. was 11 LPW; a standard halogen
PAR is 14.2 LPW and IR version is 18.5 LPW.
Update: ER/BR/R20 Incandescent Lamps
Current law (EISA 2007) exempts certain ER/BR/R20 incandescent
lamps from regulation:
• Lamps that are 50W or less: ER30, BR30, BR40, and ER40
• Lamps that are 65W exactly: BR30, BR40, and ER40
• Lamps that are 45W or less: R20
DOE has determined that these lamps come under their regulatory
authority
Two possible outcomes of this rulemaking are:
• Exempted lamps will be removed from the market altogether because they will
be held to the same efficacy standards as those set for PAR halogen lamps, or
• BR, ER, and R20 could still exist if the new standard is less strict than for PAR
halogen & allows halogen capsules to be incorporated into these shapes
No prediction as to which possible outcome will prevail
Rulemaking should be completed soon, effective mid to late 2014
GENERAL SERVICE
FLUORESCENT LAMPS
Implications for Design - T12 GSFL
T12 4-ft. & 2-ft U-lamps with medium bi-pin bases
• Majority of F40 and F34T12 lamps and all FB40 and FB34T12 U-lamps will be eliminated from the
market. Use something else.
– A very few very high lumen rare earth phosphor lamps will remain
– CWX, DX, and special 5000K types will remain due to high CRI exemption
T12 8-ft. Slimline with single pin bases
• 75W F96T12 full wattage lamps will be eliminated from the market
• 60W F96T12/ES (except for the ≥ 80 CRI & some ≥ 70 CRI long life lamps) will be eliminated from
the market. Use something else.
– CWX, DX, and special 5000K types will remain due to high CRI exemption
T12 8-ft. 800mA HO with RDC bases
• 110W F96T12 HO full wattage lamps willl be eliminated from the market
• 95W F96T12/ES/HO will be eliminated from the market
– Some enhanced coating types will remain
– CWX, DX, and special 5000K types will remain due to high CRI exemption
– Cold Temp versions will remain in the market due to an exemption
Implications for Design - T8 & T5 GSFL
T8 4-ft. & 2-ft. U-lamps with medium bi-pin bases
– All 4-ft. T8 basic ≥ 700 Series lamps @ 2800 lumens will be removed
from the market. Use something else.
• All other 4-ft. T8 remain
• Some 700 Series2 ft. U-lamps remain; all 2-ft. 800 Series U-lamps remain
T8 8-ft. Slimline with single pin bases & T8 8-ft. HO with RDC bases
– All pass except a few 700 Series
T5 4-ft with miniature bi-pin bases
– All existing tri-phosphor T5 lamps remain
– Intent of T5 standard is to prevent lesser performing lamps from
entering the US market
COMPACT FLUORESCENT
LAMPS
A Little-known Fact…
The US government set minimum standards for bare and
covered (no reflector) medium screw base self-ballasted
CFLs manufactured for use in the US, effective January 1,
2006
• EPACT 2005 set these standards, selecting 5 criteria from older
Energy Star criteria (V2.0)
– Initial efficacy
– Lumen maintenance at 1000 hours
– Lumen maintenance at 40% of rated life
– Rapid cycle stress
– Lamp life
• Any manufacturer or importer putting CFLs into the US market that do
not meet those standards is in violation of US law
BALLASTS
Update
DOE Fluorescent Ballast Rulemaking
New rules will replace those originally established by the DOE
Rulemaking in 2000 and updated by the EPAct 2005 Legislation
• Current metric is Ballast Efficacy Factor (BEF), sometimes
called ballast efficiency factor.
New standards will use ballast efficiency (%) and will cover
• Ballasts for T8 and T12 4-ft. and 2-ft. U-lamps with medium bipin bases
• Ballasts for T8 and T12 8-ft. lamps with single pin bases
• Ballasts for T8 and T12 8-ft. HO lamps with RDC bases
HID LAMPS
Update: HID Lamps
• Minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for HID lamps have
not previously been set by the DOE
• In 2010, DOE determined such standards should be set, and so the
rulemaking process has just begun
• One target of these rules will be probe start MH lamps, which is in
sync with the trending of MH luminaire (ballast) requirements
• Final rule will likely be issued in 2013, effective in 2016
• If, for some reason, federal outdoor lighting provisions are not
adopted by Congress before 2013, this rulemaking will also include a
ban on mercury vapor lamp production for use in the US, effective
2016
Update: Metal Halide Systems
New Rulemaking in Progress
Metal Halide Luminaires
• More rules will be issued in 2013, effective 2015, for ballasts in new
metal halide luminaires
•
The new rules will expand beyond the current wattage range
– <150W are already pulse start and new standards may be set
such that only electronic ballasts will meet them
• It is possible that some current ballast efficiency requirements could
be edged even higher (keep an eye on the 88% for pulse start MH)