2014 Air Quality Progress Report for:
Epping Forest District Council
In fulfillment of Part IV of the
Environment Act 1995
Local Air Quality Management
Date (May, 2014)
Epping Forest District Council
Local Authority
Officer
Fay Rushby
Department
Public Health
Environment & Street Scene
Address
Epping Forest District Council
Civic Offices
High Street
Epping
Essex
CM16 4BZ
Telephone
01992 564496
e-mail
frushby@eppingforestdc.gov.uk
Report
Reference
WK/201413343
Date
May 2014
LAQM Progress Report 2014
Epping Forest District Council
Executive Summary
Epping Forest District is an attractive, predominantly commuter area on the north
eastern edge of London. The air quality in the district is reasonably good. There are
two large motorways in the district; the M25 and the M11 however the main air
pollution issues in the district are associated with local road traffic, with increased
concentrations of vehicle emissions related polutants limited to congested high street
areas and busy junctions.
The District Council has completed all rounds of the review and assessment process
to date, which has led to a number of detailed assessments for nitrogen dioxide. Air
Quality Management Areas (AQMA) were declared for Epping High Street in 2010,
and Bell Vue, Bell Common in 2011. The Epping High Street AQMA was declared
solely on the basis of modelling information, but was revoked in 2011 on the
completion of diffusion tube monitoring, which confirmed that nitrogen dioxide
concentrations were below the air quality objective. All other reports deemed that it
was not necesarry to declare any further AQMA for any pollutant.
This 2014 Progress Report builds on previous air quality work, and reports on 2013
monitoring data. The monitoring data suggests that 2013 was not a particularly good
year for air quality, following national trends rather than as a result of anything
specific to the Epping Forest District Council area. 5 monitoring locations were
considered ‘borderline’, being within 10% of the air quality objective, and 4 monitoring
locations exceeded the objective. Exceedence locations were either in an existing
AQMA, or significantly forward of the receptor, or at locations were it is considered
that exposure over the objective averaging period is unlikely to occur. This and
previous air quality work indicates that there is no need to amend the boundaries of
the current AQMA, and there is no need to declare any new AQMA. A watching brief
will however be maintained to avoid inaction in cases of creeping background,
particularly in borderline locations.
The AQMA (Bell Vue, Bell common) has an an action plan in place. An update on
progress with the action plan is included with this report. 2013 monitoring data
LAQM Progress Report 2014
1
Epping Forest District Council
indicates a decline in air quality in th AQMA, such that the hourly average could be
exceeded.
The assessment of the Epping Ongar Heritage Railway has been completed.
Standard diffusion tubes and RAM monitors were used in the assessment of nitrogen
dioxide against the annual average and hourly objectives. All results were below the
relevant objective levels. Sulphur dioxide was considered in relation to the proximity
of the train to receptors, and the times trains spent waiting within 15 meters of
relevant receptors. Limit markers have been installed on the track at North Weald
station to ensure that trains remain 15m away from receptors. This progress report
concludes that that an AQMA is not required in relation to the Epping Ongar Railway.
Although the assessment of the railway has been completed, three monitoring
locations remain along the route of the railway in order to maintain the collection of
background information.
The overall number of diffusion tubes used in the district in 2014 will remain the same
as in 2013 following the closure of the Epping Ongar Railway monitoring locations, so
existing single tube sites will become duplicate or triplicate sites.
The proposed actions following this Progress Report are to:
Ø Further the Air Quality action plan for the current AQMA as far as practicable.
Ø Modify the existing nitrogen dioxide monitoring survey to:
a) include permanent monitoring locations near at the Epping Ongar Railway
for nitrogen dioxide, and
b) make all current single tube sites duplicate or triplicate monitoring
locations.
Ø Submit an Updating and Screening report in 2015.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
2
Epping Forest District Council
Table of Contents
1
2
3
Introduction
5
1.1
Description of Local Authority Area
5
1.2
Purpose of Progress Report
5
1.3
Air Quality Objectives
6
1.4
Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
7
New Monitoring Data
9
2.1
Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
9
2.2
Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives
16
New Local Developments
27
3.1
Road Traffic Sources
27
3.2
Other Transport Sources
27
3.3
Industrial Sources
30
3.4
Commercial and Domestic Sources
31
3.5
New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources
31
4
Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy
32
5
Planning Applications
33
6
Air Quality Planning Policies
34
7
Local Transport Plans and Strategies
35
8
Climate Change Strategies
36
9
Implementation of Action Plans
37
10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions
41
10.1
Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
41
10.2
Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
41
10.3
Other Conclusions
41
10.4
Proposed Actions
42
11 References
LAQM Progress Report 2014
43
3
Epping Forest District Council
List of Tables
Table 1.1
Air Quality Objectives Included in Regulations for the Purpose of LAQM
in England.
Table 2.2
Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Table 2.5
Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes in 2013
Table 2.7
Distance Adjustment for Relevant Exposure.
Table 2.8
Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2010 - 2013
Table 3.22
RAM monitor results
List of Figures
Figure 1.1
Map of AQMA boundary
Figure 2.2a Overview Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Figure 2.2b Overview Map of Epping/Epping Ongar Railway Non-Automatic
Monitoring Sites
Figure 2.2c Overview Map of Waltham Abbey/Loughton Non-Automatic Monitoring
Sites
Figure 2.4
Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at
Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
Figure 2.5
Epping Ongar Railway track limit of movement marker
Appendices
Appendix A: Diffusion Tube Data
A1
QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring
A2
Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
A3
Diffusion tube precision and accuracy
A4
NO2 distance from roads
LAQM Progress Report 2014
4
Epping Forest District Council
1
Introduction
1.1
Description of Local Authority Area
Epping Forest District is an attractive, predominantly commuter area on the north
eastern edge of London. The district has a population of around 125,000, of which
nearly three quarters live in the suburban towns of Loughton, Buckhurst Hill,
Chigwell, Epping and Waltham Abbey. The remaining quarter live in the surrounding
rural areas including large villages such as Roydon, Nazeing, North Weald and
Theydon Bois. There are two large motorways in the district; the M25 and the M11
and the main source of air pollution in the district is road traffic.
The air quality in the district is reasonably good with only small pockets of increased
concentrations of vehicle emissions related polutants, limited to congested high
street areas and busy junctions.
1.2
Purpose of Progress Report
This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management process as
set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England,
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical
Guidance documents. It is the final Progress Report in Round 6 of the LAQM
process. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly
review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air
quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are considered
likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA)
and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to
put in place in pursuit of the objectives.
Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly
Updating and Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity
in the Local Air Quality Management process.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
5
Epping Forest District Council
They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment
Reports, or to require as much effort, however they are still a time consuming
undertaking.
1.3
Air Quality Objectives
The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air
Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)
Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the
objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre µg/m3 (milligrammes per cubic
metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year
that are permitted (where applicable).
Table 1.1
Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of
LAQM in England
Air Quality Objective
Concentration
Measured as
Pollutant
16.25 µg/m
Benzene
3
Date to be achieved by
Running annual mean
31.12.2003
5.00 µg/m
3
Running annual mean
31.12.2010
1,3-Butadiene
2.25 µg/m
3
Running annual mean
31.12.2003
Carbon monoxide
10.0 mg/m
3
Running 8-hour mean
31.12.2003
Annual mean
31.12.2004
Annual mean
31.12.2008
1-hour mean
31.12.2005
Annual mean
31.12.2005
24-hour mean
31.12.2004
Annual mean
31.12.2004
1-hour mean
31.12.2004
24-hour mean
31.12.2004
15-minute mean
31.12.2005
0.5 µg/m
Lead
3
0.25 µg/m
3
3
Nitrogen dioxide
200 µg/m not to be
exceeded more than 18
times a year
40 µg/m
3
3
Particles (PM10)
(gravimetric)
50 µg/m , not to be
exceeded more than 35
times a year
40 µg/m
3
3
350 µg/m , not to be
exceeded more than 24
times a year
3
Sulphur dioxide
125 µg/m , not to be
exceeded more than 3
times a year
3
266 µg/m , not to be
exceeded more than 35
times a year
LAQM Progress Report 2014
6
Epping Forest District Council
1.4
Summary of Previous Review and Assessments
The District Council has completed all rounds of the review and assessment to date,
including the most recent 2013 Progress Report (PR). Even though a detailed
assessment was not required following annual air quality assessments including the
2012 USA, the review and assessment process overall has led to a number of
detailed assessments for nitrogen dioxide, including:
Ø Epping High Street (2004)
Ø Hainault Road, Chigwell (2005)
Ø Waltham Abbey A121 Link Road (2005)
Ø Goldings Hill, Loughton (2009)
Ø Bell Vue, Bell common (2009)
Ø Epping High Street (2011)
Ø Loughton High Road (2011)
AQMA’s were declared for Epping High Street in 2010, and Bell Vue, Bell Common in
2011. The Epping High Street AQMA was declared on the basis of modelling
information, but was revoked in 2011 on the completion of diffusion tube monitoring,
which confirmed that nitrogen dioxide were below the air quality objective. All other
reports judged that no other AQMA were necessary.
Only one air quality management area remains, that being for Bell Vue, Bell
common. The map of the boundary of the AQMA is shown in figure 1.1. An action
plan has been agreed and the local residents were consulted on the proposals.
Residents feedback indicated that whilst they considered that the review and
assessment of air quality was a good thing, they were happy to live by the road and
considered that little could be done to achieve any actual improvement in air quaity.
The AQMA Action plan was completed and approved by defra in 2012, and this
report details progress with the action plan to date.
This report also details the results of the air quality assessment of the Epping Ongar
Railway.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
7
Epping Forest District Council
Figure 1.1
Map(s) of AQMA Boundaries
LAQM Progress Report 2014
8
Epping Forest District Council
2
New Monitoring Data
2.1
Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
2.1.1
Automatic Monitoring Sites
Epping Forest District Council does not operate an automatic monitoring site and has
no plans to do so in the near future.
2.1.2
Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Non-automatic monitoring undertaken in the district is exclusively via NO2 diffusion
tubes. In 2013, 64 diffusion tubes were installed at 29 monitoring locations, all
located in accordance within the Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO2 Monitoring
Practical Guidance document. Maps showing the monitoring locations are provided
as figures 2.2a – 2.2c. Site details are given in table 2.2. No changes to diffusion
tube locations were made in 2013 other than the closure of two monitoring locations
in the vicinity of the Epping Ongar Railway, part way though the year, due to access
issues.
For 2013, the diffusion tube supplier remained Gradko International, as part of the
EssexAir network of local authorities moving to standardise diffusion tube laboratory
and preparation method across the County. The diffusion tube preparation method
remained 20% Triethanolamine (TEA) in water. Gradko International are classified as
achieving ‘100%’ performance in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) Report for rounds 120-123, and follow the procedures set out in practical
guidance. Further details on WASP performance can be found in Appendix A1.
We have not undertaken our own co-location study for the derivation of our own bias
correction factor as we do not have an automatic monitoring site. In the absence of a
local bias correction factor, the default bias correction factor for Gradko International
analysis using the 20% TEA in water method has been used. This factor, calculated
as 0.95 for 2013 is based on 24 studies has been obtained from the defra air quality
website
(March
2014
release):
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-
factors/national-bias.html See Appendix A2.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
9
Epping Forest District Council
Figure 2. 2a Overview map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
LAQM Progress Report 2014
10
Epping Forest District Council
Figure 2. 2b Overview map of Epping Ongar Railway non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
LAQM Progress Report 2014
11
Epping Forest District Council
Figure 2. 2c Waltham Abbey/ Loughton Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
LAQM Progress Report 2014
12
Epping Forest District Council
Table 2.2
Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites
Grid reference
Map ref
1
2
3
Site name
1 Canes Cottages,
Canes Lane (A414),
Hastingwood
13 The Elms,
Woodbine Close,
Waltham Abbey
15 The Elms,
Woodbine Close,
Waltham Abbey
Site type
In AQMA?
Relevant
exposure (m)
Distance to
kerb
Worst case
location?
x
y
Urban Background
triplicate
547838
206819
No
Yes (0m)
15.6m
Yes
Urban Background
triplicate
541308
200037
No
Yes
(0m)
36.6m
Yes
Urban Background
triplicate
541320
200020
No
Yes
(0m)
55.8m
Yes
Roadside triplicate
545555
201732
No
Yes
(0m)
13.7m
Yes
4.9m
Yes
4
15 High Street,
Epping
5
Outside Superdrug,
202 High Street,
Epping
Roadside triplicate
546058
202193
No
Possibly
st nd
(0m, @ 1 /2
floor only)
6
Ladbrokes, High
Street, Epping
Roadside triplicate
546196
202355
No
Yes
st nd
(0m, @ 1 /2
floor only)
5.6m
Yes
7
Bell Vue, Bell
Common, Epping
Roadside triplicate
544928
201281
Yes
Yes
(0m)
1.8m
Yes
8
18 High Street,
Roydon
Roadside single
540919
209956
No
Yes
(0.75m)
2.5m
No
9
Abbeyview
Roundabout
Urban Background
single
537808
200644
No
Yes
(6.1m)
24m
No
10
3 Howse Road,
Waltham Abbey
Urban Background
duplicate
537956
199565
No
Yes
(0m)
19m
No
LAQM Progress Report 2014
13
Epping Forest District Council
Grid reference
Map ref
Site name
Site type
x
y
In AQMA?
Relevant
exposure (m)
Distance to
kerb
Worst case
location?
11
34 Hayden Road,
Waltham Abbey
Urban Background
duplicate
538386
199557
No
Yes
(0m)
12m
Yes
12
Burrows Chase,
Waltham Abbey
Urban Background
duplicate
538570
199509
No
Yes
(0m)
14.6m
Yes
13
2 Lodge Lane
Roadside triplicate
538710
199860
No
Yes
(7.3m)
0.5m
No
14
Netherhall Lane/Glen
Faber Road, Nazeing
Urban Background
duplicate
539711
208662
No
Yes
(16m)
1.7m
No
15
LC os 5a Goldings
Hill, Loughton
Roadside duplicate
543091
197316
No
Yes
(4.8m)
1m
No
16
72 Church Hill,
Loughton
Roadside duplicate
542664
196868
No
Yes
(0m)
12.7m
Yes
17
Zizzi, 2 Church Hill,
Loughton
Roadside duplicate
542505
196668
No
No
4.2m
Yes
18
Pink, 252 High Road,
Loughton (Bus stop)
Roadside duplicate
542373
196478
No
Possibly
st
(0m, @ 1
floor only)
5.7m
Yes
19
Timspons, 249 High
Road Loughton
Roadside triplicate
542339
196360
No
Yes
st
(0m, @ 1
floor only)
6.4m
Yes
20
Hainault Road – o/s
105 Manor Rd,
Chigwell
Kerbside triplicate
544234
192236
No
Yes
(8.5m)
1m
No
21
Albion Terrace
Roadside single
537727
196187
No
Yes
(3.1m)
4.6m
No
LAQM Progress Report 2014
14
Epping Forest District Council
Grid reference
Map ref
Site name
Site type
x
y
In AQMA?
Relevant
exposure (m)
Distance to
kerb
Worst case
location?
22
EOR 1
Residential duplicate
549654
203731
No
Yes
(0m)
N/A
Yes
23
EOR 2
Residential duplicate
549901
203653
No
Yes
(0m)
N/A
Yes
24
EOR 3
Residential duplicate
549816
203656
No
Yes
(0m)
N/A
Yes
25
EOR 4
Residential duplicate
549666
203642
No
Yes
(0m)
N/A
Yes
26
EOR 5
Residential duplicate
555118
203531
No
Yes
(0m)
N/A
Yes
27
EOR 6
Residential duplicate
555035
2035530
No
Yes
(0m)
N/A
Yes
28
EOR 7
Residential duplicate
554925
203538
No
Yes
(0m)
N/A
Yes
29
EOR 8
Roadside single
549086
203573
No
Yes
(11.6m)
1m
No
LAQM Progress Report 2014
15
Epping Forest District Council
2.2
Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality
Objectives
2.2.1
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Nitrogen Dioxide monitoring is undertaken in the Local Authority Area. The most
significant relevant source is road traffic emissions.
Automatic Monitoring Data
Automatic monitoring for nitrogen dioxide is not currently undertaken in the Local
Authority Area.
Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data
Diffusion tube monitoring locations do not indicate any particular upward or
downward trend in general air quality for the 2013 calendar year, with nearly an equal
number showing a slight increase in nitrogen dioxide as those showing a slight
decrease or remaining the same, see figure 2.4. 13 locations showed a slight
increase of between 1-4 μg/m3. 6 locations showed a slight decrease of between 1-5
μg/m3, and 6 locations remained the same.
Interestingly it was noted that ‘good’ sites appeared demonstrated lower
concentrations than last year, whilst more borderline sites demonstrated slightly
higher concentrations than last year.
The monitoring location demonstrating the greatest increase in reported levels of
nitrogen dioxide was Bell Vue, Bell Common (the area of the existing AQMA),
increasing from 57μg/m3 to 65μg/m3. In addition to the points noted in the paragraph
above, M25 widening works and displaced traffic is thought to be the cause of the
increase as displaced traffic directly affects this route. This is rather disappointing
because 2012 saw a major decrease in ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide at
Bell Vue, Bell Common.
Reported levels of nitrogen dioxide at all other monitoring locations are below
60μg/m3 which would suggest that there may be a risk of exceeding the hourly
objective for nitrogen dioxide.
LAQM Progress Report 2013
16
Epping Forest District Council
In reporting Nitrogen Dioxide monitoring data for other non-AQMA locations:
Ø The annual means have been bias adjusted (see table 2.5 and appendix A2).
Annual means in excess of the 40μg/m3 annual mean NO2 objective have
been highlighted in bold. The bias adjustment factor for 2013 at 0.95 was very
similar to that for 2012 at 0.97.
Ø Single, duplicate and triplicate tubes are also indicated in table 2.5.
Ø The full mean monthly values are detailed in Appendix A3.
Ø None of the existing monitoring locations had data capture of less than 9
months apart from EOR2 and EOR3 Epping Ongar Railway monitoring
locations. The results for these locations were not annualised, because they
were well below the objective.
Ø All data capture was greater than 75%.
Ø Four sites were adjusted for distance where the receptor was set back from
the monitoring location (Hainault Road, Lodge Lane, Albion Terrace and
Goldings Hill) using the published AQ Consultants distance calculator (see
table 2.5 and appendix A4).
The 40 µg/m3 annual mean NO2 objective was reached or exceeded at three
locations, these being:
Ø Superdrug, 202 High Street, Epping (43 µg/m3).
Ø 252 High Road, Loughton (40 µg/m3).
Ø Albion Terrace, Waltham Abbey (40 µg/m3).
Superdrug, 202 High Street, Epping (43μg/m3) is a high street shop. The nitrogen
dioxide concentration remains unchanged from 2012 (i.e. no worsening even given
that 2013 was not a good year for air quality). The public are unlikely to be present
for periods of up to one hour outside this location. No receptors are currently present
at second storey level which is above the height of the current monitoring location.
Displacement may have occurred from the M25 widening works.
252 High Road, Loughton is also a high street shop. The public are unlikely to be
present for periods of up to one hour at this location. Receptors may be present at
second storey level which is above the height of the current monitoring location. The
LAQM Progress Report 2013
17
Epping Forest District Council
2013 annual mean for this site is again one of the locations where the nitrogen
dioxide annual average is worse this year than in previous years (39μg/m3 in 2012
and 40μg/m3 in 2013).
Albion Terrace, Sewardstone is a residential receptor. The 2013 annual mean for this
site is one of the locations where the nitrogen dioxide annual average is worse this
year than in previous years at 40μg/m3 from 39μg/m3. A small residential construction
project and its associated road works and traffic control systems directly opposite the
monitoring location my have contributed to the elevated results in 2013.
Concentrations of 60µg/m3 or more only occurred at one monitoring location, this
being in the existing AQMA at Bell Vue, Bell Common, Epping. No monitoring in
relation to the hourly objective has been undertaken or is planned.
Borderline locations are considered to be 36-39µg/m3 and are as follows:
Ø 13 The Elms, Waltham Abbey (36µg/m3)
Ø Goldings Hill, Loughton (38µg/m3)
Ø 2 Church Hill, Loughton (38µg/m3)
Ø 249 High Road, Loughton (38µg/m3)
Ø Hainault Road, Chigwell (36µg/m3)
LAQM Progress Report 2013
18
Epping Forest District Council
Table 2.5 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes in 2013
Site ID
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Location
1 Canes
Cottages, Canes
Lane (A414),
Hastingwood
13 The Elms,
Woodbine Close,
Waltham Abbey
15 The Elms,
Woodbine Close,
Waltham Abbey
15 High Street,
Epping
Outside
Superdrug, 202
High Street,
Epping
Ladbrokes, High
Street, Epping
Bell Vue, Bell
Common, Epping
18 High Street,
Roydon
Abbeyview
Roundabout
3 Howse Road,
Waltham Abbey
34 Hayden Road,
Waltham Abbey
LAQM Progress Report 2014
% Data
Capture
2013
Data with less
than 9 months
has been
annualised (Y/N)
Confirm if data
has been
distance
corrected (Y/N)
Annual mean
concentration
(Bias Adjustment factor =
0.95)
3
2013 (µg/m )
Site Type
Within
AQMA?
Triplicate or
Collocated
Tube
Roadside
No
Triplicate
100
N/A
N/A
28
Roadside
No
Triplicate
100
N/A
N/A
36
Roadside
No
Triplicate
100
N/A
N/A
35
Roadside
No
Triplicate
100
N/A
N/A
30
Roadside
No
Triplicate
97.2
N/A
N/A
43
Public receptors
(hourly exposure)
Roadside
No
Triplicate
88.9
N/A
N/A
35
Roadside
Yes
Triplicate
100
N/A
N/A
65
Urban
Background
No
No
100
N/A
No
29
Kerbside
No
No
100
N/A
No
32
Urban
Background
No
Triplicate
100
N/A
N/A
33
Urban
Background
No
Duplicate
100
N/A
N/A
34
19
Epping Forest District Council
% Data
Capture
2013
Data with less
than 9 months
has been
annualised (Y/N)
Confirm if data
has been
distance
corrected (Y/N)
Annual mean
concentration
(Bias Adjustment factor =
0.95)
3
2013 (µg/m )
Site ID
Location
Site Type
Within
AQMA?
Triplicate or
Collocated
Tube
12
Burrows Chase,
Waltham Abbey
Urban
Background
No
Duplicate
100
N/A
N/A
31
13
2 Lodge Lane
Urban
Background
No
Triplicate
91.7
N/A
No
Measured = 41
Distance adjusted = 32
Urban
Background
No
Duplicate
100
N/A
No
21
Urban
Background
No
Duplicate
91.7
N/A
Yes
Measured = 46
Distance adjusted = 38
Urban
Background
No
Duplicate
100
N/A
N/A
29
Urban
Background
No
Duplicate
87.5
N/A
N/A
38
Roadside
No
Duplicate
100
N/A
N/A
40
Public receptors
(hourly exposure)
Roadside
No
Triplicate
100
N/A
N/A
38
Urban
Background
No
Triplicate
100
N/A
Yes
Measured = 48
Distance adjusted = 36
Roadside
No
No
100
N/A
No
Measured = 45
Distance adjusted = 40
No
Duplicate
100
N/A
N/A
20
No
Duplicate
100
No
N/A
20
No
Duplicate
100
No
N/A
17
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Netherhall
Lane/Glen Faber
Road, Nazeing
LC os 5a
Goldings Hill,
Loughton
72 Church Hill,
Loughton
Zizzi, 2 Church
Hill, Loughton
Pink, 252 High
Road, Loughton
(Bus stop)
Timpson, 249
High Road
Loughton
Hainault Road –
o/s 105 Manor
Rd, Chigwell
21
Albion Terrace
22
EOR 1
23
EOR 2
24
EOR 3
LAQM Progress Report 2014
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
20
Epping Forest District Council
Site ID
Location
25
EOR 4
26
EOR 5
27
EOR 6
28
EOR 7
29
EOR 8
Site Type
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Residential
roadside
Within
AQMA?
Triplicate or
Collocated
Tube
% Data
Capture
2013
Data with less
than 9 months
has been
annualised (Y/N)
Confirm if data
has been
distance
corrected (Y/N)
Annual mean
concentration
(Bias Adjustment factor =
0.95)
3
2013 (µg/m )
No
Duplicate
100
N/A
N/A
19
No
Duplicate
100
N/A
N/A
19
No
Duplicate
91.7
N/A
N/A
17
No
Duplicate
100
N/A
N/A
16
No
No
100
N/A
No
21
Diffusion tube location access issues in 2013 meant that monitoring locations EOR2 and EOR3 along route of the Epping Ongar
Railway were closed in July and August respectively, meaning that captured data is for a period of less than 9 months. Where data
has been obtained for less than 9 months, an additional short-term to long-term data adjustment can be undertaken. Short to long
term data adjustment has not been undertaken for these two locations because all results in the vicinity of the Epping Ongar Railway
are well below the air quality objective.
As detailed in table 2.2, not all of the monitoring locations can be considered as worst case monitoring locations because relevant
residential receptors are set back from the roadside/kerbside monitoring location. An excel spreadsheet tool is available to help
predict NO2 concentrations for relevant receptors further from the road than the monitoring location, and this tool has been used for
the following sites:
Ø Hainault Road/Manor Road, Chigwell.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
21
Epping Forest District Council
Ø 5a Goldings Hill, Loughton
Ø Albion Terrace, Sewardstone.
Ø Lodge Lane, Waltham Abbey.
These sites are assessed in turn as an estimate of exposure at each relevant receptor façade. All background data is from the Epping
Forest Netherhall Road monitoring location (monitoring location #14). The distance adjusted results are shown in table 2.7.
Table 2.7 Distance adjustment for Relevant Exposure.
Site ID
15
20
Location
LC os 5a
Goldings Hill,
Loughton
Hainault Road –
o/s 105 Manor
Rd, Chigwell
% Data
Capture
2013
Data with less
than 9 months
has been
annualised (Y/N)
Confirm if data
has been
distance
corrected (Y/N)
Annual mean
concentration
(Bias Adjustment factor =
0.95)
3
2013 (µg/m )
Site Type
Within
AQMA?
Triplicate or
Collocated
Tube
Urban
Background
No
Duplicate
91.7
N/A
Yes
Measured = 46
Distance adjusted = 38
Urban
Background
No
Triplicate
100
N/A
Yes
Measured = 48
Distance adjusted = 36
21
Albion Terrace
Roadside
No
No
100
N/A
Yes
13
2 Lodge Lane
Urban
Background
No
No
91.7
N/A
Yes
Measured = 45
Distance adjusted = 40
Measured = 41
Distance adjusted = 32
The bias adjusted and distance corrected nitrogen dioxide results from 2013 along with data from 2010, 2011, and 2012 are
presented in table 2.8 and figure 2.4 for the purposes of comparison and the identification of trends.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
22
Epping Forest District Council
Table 2.8
Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes (2010 to 2013)
Site
1 Canes Cottages, Canes
Lane (A414), Hastingwood
13 The Elms, Woodbine
Close, Waltham Abbey
15 The Elms, Woodbine
Close, Waltham Abbey
15 High Street, Epping
Outside Superdrug, 202
High Street, Epping
Ladbrokes, High Street,
Epping
Bell Vue, Bell Common,
Epping
18 High Street, Roydon
Abbeyview Roundabout
3 Howse Road, Waltham
Abbey
34 Hayden Road, Waltham
Abbey
Burrows Chase, Waltham
Abbey
2 Lodge Lane
Netherhall Lane/Glen Faber
Road, Nazeing
LC os 5a Goldings Hill,
Loughton
LAQM Progress Report 2014
Site Type
Within
AQMA?
Roadside
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) µg/m3
2010
2011
2012
2013
(Bias Adjustment
Factor = 0.83)
(Bias Adjustment
Factor = 0.84)
(Bias Adjustment
Factor = 0.97)
(Bias Adjustment
Factor = 0.95)
No
31
27
28
28
Roadside
No
38
31
34
36
Roadside
No
39
34
34
35
Roadside
No
32
28
30
30
Roadside
No
42
39
43
43
Roadside
No
37
37
38
35
Roadside
Yes
66
64
57
65
No
26
24
25
29
No
30
33
32
32
Urban
Background
No
37
30
32
33
Urban
Background
No
39
30
32
34
Roadside
No
33
29
28
31
Urban
Background
No
32
38
37
32
Urban
Background
No
19
20
17
21
Urban
Background
No
37
36
35
38
Urban
Background
Kerbside
23
Epping Forest District Council
Site
72 Church Hill, Loughton
Zizzi, 2 Church Hill,
Loughton
Pink, 252 High Road,
Loughton (Bus stop)
Timpson, 249 High Road
Loughton
Hainault Road – o/s 105
Manor Rd, Chigwell
Albion Terrace,
Sewardstone
EOR 1
EOR 2
EOR 3
EOR 4
EOR 5
EOR 6
EOR 7
EOR 8
LAQM Progress Report 2014
Site Type
Within
AQMA?
Annual mean concentration (adjusted for bias) µg/m3
2010
2011
2012
2013
(Bias Adjustment
Factor = 0.83)
(Bias Adjustment
Factor = 0.84)
(Bias Adjustment
Factor = 0.97)
(Bias Adjustment
Factor = 0.95)
No
32
29
30
29
No
41
36
38
38
Roadside
No
46
40
39
40
Roadside
No
43
38
36
38
Urban
Background
No
38
35
34
36
Roadside
No
38
32
39
40
No
-
-
24
20
No
-
-
21
20
No
-
-
22
17
No
-
-
24
19
No
-
-
20
19
No
-
-
20
17
No
-
-
16
16
No
-
-
25
21
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
Urban
Background
24
Epping Forest District Council
Figure 2.4
Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites
LAQM Progress Report 2014
25
Epping Forest District Council
2.2.2
Particulate Matter (PM10)
Particulate monitoring is not undertaken in the Local Authority Area. There are no
significant relevant sources.
2.2.3
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Sulphur Dioxide monitoring is not undertaken in the Local Authority Area. There are
no significant relevant sources.
2.2.4
Benzene
Benzene monitoring is not undertaken in the Local Authority Area. There are no
significant relevant sources.
2.2.5
Other Pollutants Monitored
No monitoring for any other pollutant (such as ozone, PAH, PM2.5) is undertaken in
the Local Authority Area.
2.2.6
Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives
Epping Forest District Council has measured concentrations of nitrogen dioxide at
or above the annual mean objective for:
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Bell Vue, Bell Common.
202 High Street, Epping.
252 High Road, Loughton.
Albion Terrace, Waltham Abbey.
Epping Forest District Council has already declared and AQMA for Bell Vue, Bell
Common and an action plan is in place; therefore we will not proceed to a detailed
assessment for this round of review and assessment
Epping Forest District Council has also previously undertaken detailed assessments
for High Street Epping, and High Road, Loughton and considers that the hourly
objective relevant to where people may spend 1-hour or more close to traffic is not at
risk of being exceeded. Albion terrace has not been subject to a detailed
assessment; however it is considered that exceedence locations have been
influenced by traffic displacement from the M25 widening works (which may continue
throughout 2014). 2013 is also thought to have been a generally poor year for air
quality.
For these reasons, we will not proceed to detailed assessments for these locations in
order to avoid the unnecessary use of resources involved in detailed assessments
and cycling between declaring and revoking AQMAs. If the 2014 data provides the
same results (or worse) revised detailed assessments will be undertaken.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
26
Epping Forest District Council
3
New Local Developments
3.1
Road Traffic Sources
There are no new or newly identified congested streets in the local authority area
with a flow above 5,000 vehicles per day and residential properties close to the kerb,
that have not been adequately considered in previous rounds of Review and
Assessment.
There are no new or newly identified busy streets where people may spend 1-hour or
more close to traffic in the local authority area. There are no new or newly identified
roads with high flows of buses/HDVs in the Local Authority area.
There are no new or newly identified busy junctions or busy roads in the Local
Authority area. There are no new roads in the Local Authority area.
There are no roads with significantly changed traffic flows in the Local Authority area.
There are no bus or coach stations in the Local Authority area, only bus stops.
3.2
Other Transport Sources
Air port and shipping ports are not significant contributing factors to the air quality
environment in the Epping Forest District, however the 2012 Updating and Screening
exercise did however identify the Epping Ongar Railway as a new potential source of
nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide emissions, and from diesel or steam trains being
stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more, and with relevant receptors within 15m.
3.2.1
Overview of the Epping Ongar Railway
The Epping Ongar Railway (The Railway) is a heritage railway, operating seasonal
services, mostly at weekends between Ongar Station and Coopersale. The Railway
is a single track railway line. Two sets of tracks and sufficient points etc. available to
allow trains to pass or a locomotive to change ends at North Weald Station (known
as run-around). The facility to run-around is also available at Ongar Station. There is
no station stop or run-around facility at Coopersale.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
27
Epping Forest District Council
Operational rolling stock includes several steam locomotives, diesel locomotives,
diesel multiple units and occasional visiting steam or diesel locomotives.
Operational rolling stock often comprises:
Ø One single diesel or steam locomotive (e.g. weekday maintenance).
Ø One diesel train and one steam locomotive (representative of general service).
Ø One locomotive of any type at each end of a train (top and tail service when
used where signalling or track space does not permit locomotive run-around).
3.2.2
Nitrogen Dioxide
15 nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes were deployed from July 2012 to 8 separate
relevant receptor monitoring locations along the route of the railway near North
Weald and Ongar stations (7 duplicate sites and 1 single tube site), and were
continued during 2013. Two monitoring locations were closed early (EOR2 & EOR3)
due to site access issues. All of the bias adjusted diffusion tube results indicate
nitrogen dioxide at levels well below the Air Quality Objective, ranging from 16µg/m3
to 21µg/m3, and representing some of the lowest concentrations in the district.
Monitoring for nitrogen dioxide using diffusion tubes along the route of the railway
was discontinued in January 2014. Some public monitoring sites were retained but
relocated for general air quality monitoring from January 2014.
In addition to standard diffusion tubes, Rapid Air Monitors (RAM) were also exposed
at locations along the Epping Ongar Railway, where members of the public could
reasonable be expected to be for a period of 1 hour. RAM monitors are a wide
bodied passive diffusion monitor, working on the same principle as the Palmes
passive diffusion tube. The wide aperture of the RAM is designed for exposure
periods of 1 hour or more, for a simple assessment of ambient concentrations of
Nitrogen Dioxide against the hourly objective. The RAM monitors were also obtained
from Gradko International, and use the same 20% TEA in water preparation as the
standard monthly exposure diffusion tubes. The results are presented in table 3.2.2.
All results were below the 200µg/m3 hourly average.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
28
Epping Forest District Council
Table 3.2.2 RAM monitor results
Site ref
RAM 1
RAM 2
RAM 3
RAM 4
3.2.3
Site name
Netherhall Road, Roydon
(background control site)
North Weald Station
(general public access area
at level crossing)
Tempest Mead, North
Weald
(residential location)
Bowes Drive, Ongar
(residential location)
Result
Within
AQMA?
Monitoring date
Monitoring
period
(µg/m )
No
15/09/2013
1 hour
50.29
No
15/09/2013
1 hour
158.10
No
15/09/2013
1 hour
44.64
No
15/09/2013
1 hour
44.70
3
Sulphur Dioxide
Sulphur dioxide was considered in the 2012 progress report in the context of the
distance of the sulphur dioxide source near to and the time the sulphur dioxide
source was present receptors (the criteria for detailed assessment in TG09). An
assessment of train waiting times at stations and distances from receptors identified
that the majority of trains were present in the station for less than 15 minutes, and
were generally more than 15 metres away, however occasionally a train would be
waiting for longer than 15 minutes and closer than 15 metres to receptors, therefore
no monitoring for sulphur dioxide was undertaken in 2013. To minimise sulphur
dioxide exposure, and to remove the need to progress to a detailed assessment, a
limit of movement marker has been installed on the track to mark the stopping point
for locomotives to ensure that separation distances from residential receptors are
maintained. See figure 2.5 below.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
29
Epping Forest District Council
Figure 2.5
3.2.4
Epping Ongar Railway track limit of movement marker.
Conclusions
It is considered that emissions from steam and diesel locomotives on the Epping
Ongar Railway will not to lead to an exceedence of either the sulphur dioxide air
quality objective or the hourly or annual average nitrogen dioxide objectives.
3.3
Industrial Sources
Regulated industrial installations comprise only Part B activities regulated by the
Local Authority. Part B activities regulated by the Local Authority have not changed
sine the 2012 USA. There are no Part A2 or Part A1 activities in the District. There
LAQM Progress Report 2014
30
Epping Forest District Council
are no new or proposed industrial installations for which planning approval has been
granted.
3.4
Commercial and Domestic Sources
There are no relevant biomass combustion plant or areas of significant domestic fuel
use in the Local Authority area.
3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled
Sources
There are no potential sources of fugitive particulate matter emissions such as
quarries (or similar) in the Local Authority area.
Epping Forest District Council confirms that there are no new or newly identified
local developments which may have an impact on air quality within the Local
Authority area.
Epping Forest District Council confirms that all the following have been
considered:
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Road traffic sources
Other transport sources
Industrial sources
Commercial and domestic sources
New developments with fugitive or uncontrolled sources.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
31
Epping Forest District Council
4
Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy
Epping Forest District Council is developing the use of the recently updated Essex
Air web site for the development of a local and a regional strategy for air quality. See:
http://www.essexair.org.uk/AboutEssexAir/Default.aspx
A screenshot of the web site, and in particular the ‘about Essex Air’ page is shown
above.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
32
Epping Forest District Council
5
Planning Applications
No planning applications of any impact to air quality have been applied for or
commenced within the Epping Forest District Council area.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
33
Epping Forest District Council
6
Air Quality Planning Policies
Policy RP5a within the Epping Forest District Council Combined Local Plan states
that:
The Council will not grant planning permission for:
i)
development where it could cause excessive noise, vibration, or air,
ground water or light pollution for neighbouring land uses, protected
wildlife species and habitats;
or
ii)
sensitive development such as housing (or other forms of residential
occupation, including mobile homes and caravans), hospitals or schools
which could be subject to either excessive noise from adjoining land
uses or traffic (road, rail and air), or other forms of adverse
environmental conditions such as air pollution; except where it is
possible to mitigate the adverse effects by the imposition of appropriate
conditions.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
34
Epping Forest District Council
7
Local Transport Plans and Strategies
Epping Forest District is covered by the Essex County Council Local Transport Plan.
There are a number of general measures in the Essex LTP which are aimed at
reducing the impact of road transport on air quality.
Essex County Council, Epping Forest District Council the City of London and the
London Boroughs of Redbridge and Waltham Forest are working in partnership to
improve the transport network in and around Epping Forest.
The Strategy proposals fall into 4 categories:
1
Improving the Forest Environment
Many people driving through may not even realise that they are in
Epping Forest. Our Forest management proposals include:
n Identifying the Forest as a special place by introducing Forest
Gateways
n Installing cattle grids, to protect and secure the historic rights of
grazing
n Distinctive, Forest-specific signage to provide a unified image
and to reduce clutter with fewer signs on the roads
2
Route Management
The traffic passing through the Forest needs to be slowed down and
the traffic volume reduced where possible on some roads to make them
safer for everyone. The Forest management proposals include:
n Improving the traffic calming zones and considering areas of
quiet lanes
n Consideration of measures to further discourage HGVs from
using unsuitable routes through the forest
n Upgrading existing Forest highways and surface features such
as traffic calming
3
Site Accessibility and Road Safety
Visitors should be able to cross roads safely. Forest management
proposals include:
n Improving crossing facilities for Forest visitors
n A full review of speed limits within the Essex area of the Forest
4
Sustainable Transport
We would like to encourage more visitors to use sustainable transport,
by:
n Improving the horse ride, cycle and walking networks
n Closing some roads to allow only non vehicular access
n Improving public transport links across the whole Forest
n Creating fully accessible trails from transport hubs, such as
Chingford Station
LAQM Progress Report 2014
35
Epping Forest District Council
8
Climate Change Strategies
Epping Forest District Council has a climate change strategy. It may be viewed online at:
http://rds.eppingforestdc.gov.uk/Published/C00000611/M00006679/AI00030930/EFD
CClimateChangeStrategyFinal.pdf
LAQM Progress Report 2014
36
Epping Forest District Council
9
Implementation of Action Plans
An air quality action plan is in place for the Epping No.2 AQMA for nitrogen dioxide.
An Action plan has been developed and submitted to defra. Progress with the action
plan is detailed in table 9.1. Additional narrative follows:
Action 1:
Diffusion tube monitoring continues but with Gradko rather than Bureau
Veritas. A group purchase was entered into as part of the EssexAir
working
partnership
to
promote
consistency
in
diffusion
tube
preparation laboratory and results across the county.
Action 2:
No data from Essex County Council to date.
Action 3:
Detailed comments forwarded to the planning department as part of the
Issues and Options consultation.
Action 4:
Essex Air web site updated as far as possible.
Action 5:
The reduction of the speed limit through the Forest from the national
limit to 40mph.
Action 6:
Traffic signal timings are already considered optimum.
Action 7:
A new action implemented since the 2013 Progress Report: The
provision of 6 cycles for use between district offices.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
37
Epping Forest District Council
Table 9.1
Action Plan Progress
The proposed measures for the pursuit of improved air quality in relation to the Epping No.2 AQMA and the initial timescales for
investigating and achieving them are detailed below.
Summary from Action Plan
Progress Report 2014
Planning &
implementation
phase dates
Target
emission
reduction
in the
AQMA
Estimated
completion
date
Comments
relating to
emission
reductions
No.
Measure
Focus
1
Continue air
quality
monitoring
and
reporting
No. 2
AQMA and
the district
as a whole
Epping
Forest
District
Council
Ongoing, ensure
resource
provision for
2013
Place order
with tube
supplier
N/A
Monitoring in
progress
Order
renewed for
2013
exposure
year with
Gradko
Ongoing
N/A
2
Traffic flow
modelling
for junction
options
appraisal
No. 2
AQMA
specifically
Essex
County
Council
Data gathering
2011/2012
N/A at this
stage
N/A at this
stage
Traffic data
gathering
Traffic data
gathering
2014 at
earliest
N/A at this
stage
Further
integrate air
quality into
the local
plan
Improved
air quality
for the
district as a
whole
Epping
Forest
District
Council
Must be
completed before
April 2013
Revised
local plan
N/A
Completed
Comments
forwarded
for local plan
Issues and
options
consultations
Completed
November
2012
General
emissions
reductions
3
LAQM Progress Report 2013
Indicator
Progress to
date
Progress in
last 12
months
Lead
authorities
Modelling
2013/2014
38
Epping Forest District Council
Summary from Action Plan
Progress Report 2014
Lead
authorities
Planning &
implementation
phase dates
Indicator
Target
emission
reduction
in the
AQMA
Progress to
date
Progress in
last 12
months
Estimated
completion
date
Comments
relating to
emission
reductions
No.
Measure
Focus
4
Continue to
raise
awareness
of air quality
via essexair
web site
Improved
air quality
for the
district as a
whole
Epping
Forest
District
Council
Ongoing, update
due
Web hits
and
updates
could be
used
N/A
Web site
uploaded
None
Ongoing
General
emissions
reductions
5
Reduced
speed limit
through the
forest
(40mph)
No. 2
AQMA ad
general air
quality
benefits
County
Council
Planning phase
2011
Change of
speed limit
Not known,
but
reduction
anticipated
if waiting
time at
junction is
reduced
Completed
Completed
February
2012
Bias adjusted
NOx tube
data for 2012
indicates
improvement
in air quality
3
to 57 μg/m
from 64
3
μg/m .
Reduction
in NO2
measured
in the
AQMA
N/A
Completed
Completed
Completed
January
2012
Not possible.
Traffic signal
timings
considered
optimal by
Essex
County
Council
Implementation
phase 2012
Reduce
emissions
by reducing
waiting time
at junction
6
Adjust
traffic signal
timings at
the junction
of High
Road and
Theydon
Road
Epping if
not already
optimised
No. 2
AQMA
Reduce
emissions
by reducing
congestion
and
improving
traffic flow
LAQM Progress Report 2013
County
Council
Planning phase
2012
Implementation
phase (if works
are possible)
2012
39
Epping Forest District Council
Summary from Action Plan
No.
Measure
Focus
7
Promote
alternative
transport for
local
journeys
(new
measure)
No. 2
AQMA
Reduce
emissions
LAQM Progress Report 2013
Progress Report 2014
Lead
authorities
Epping
Forest
District
Council
Planning &
implementation
phase dates
2013/2014
Indicator
Provision of
6 cycles for
use
between
district
offices
Target
emission
reduction
in the
AQMA
Progress to
date
Progress in
last 12
months
Estimated
completion
date
Comments
relating to
emission
reductions
N/A
Completed
Completed
Completed
April 2014
General
emissions
reductions
40
Epping Forest District Council
10
Conclusions and Proposed Actions
10.1
Conclusions from New Monitoring Data
New monitoring data indicates that:
Ø The AQMA declared for NO2 (annual mean and hourly mean) for Bell Vue, Bell
Common remains valid. The measured concentration of NO2 is again above
60µg/m3 indicating that the hourly objective could be exceeded. The decline in
air quality is thought to be due to traffic displacement from the road works on
the M25 and that 2013 was not a particularly good year for air quality.
Ø 252 High Road Loughton (bus stop) and 202 High Street Epping (Superdrug)
are at or just above the annual mean objective for NO2 at 40µg/m3 and
43µg/m3 respectively. The monitoring locations are representative of personal
exposure for people walking on the pavement or waiting for public transport.
Measured concentrations of NO2 are however well below the risk of exceeding
the hourly objective. Previous detailed assessments for this location
concluded that an AQMA was not required.
Ø Albion Terrace (a residential location) produced an annual average at the
objective level. A small residential construction project and its associated road
works and traffic control systems my have contributed to the elevated results
in 2013. Previous years results have all been below the objective.
Ø No further AQMA should be declared for borderline locations in Epping or
Loughton High Street/High Road. This is to avoid entering into any
unnecessary cycle of declaring and Revoking AQMAs from year to year, as
this is not considered to be good practice or best use of resources.
10.2
Conclusions relating to New Local Developments
No local developments have the potential to impact on air quality.
10.3
Other Conclusions
Overall, it is considered that the air quality in the Epping Forest District is generally
good, with no overall upward or downward trend, however the 2014 progress report
LAQM Progress Report 2014
41
Epping Forest District Council
has identified more borderline air quality locations than in 2013, and some potential
excedence locations for the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide in high street
locations.
Monitoring methods have remained consistent (apart for the change of laboratory
and tube preparation method in 2012), and the bias adjustment factor remained fairly
consistent from 2012 to 2013.
2013 is not considered to be a particularly good year for air quality, confirmed by the
result at the long-term background monitoring location in Netherhall Lane. Ongoing
motorway works between Junction 25 and 27 may also have had a traffic
displacement effect and a slight detrimental impact on air quality. This work is
planned to continue through 2014, and may continue to have an impact of air quality
until works are complete late 2014.
10.4
Proposed Actions
The Progress Report has detailed the Councils decision not to progress to a detailed
assessment for any pollutant that has not already undergone a detailed assessment
in recent years.
The Progress Report has identified that there is no need to declare any new AQMA,
nor is there any need to amend the boundaries of the current AQMA.
The proposed actions following this Progress Report are as follows:
Ø Continue with the existing nitrogen dioxide monitoring survey.
Ø Increase air quality monitoring in the vicinity of the M25 motorway during
widening works (Roundhills, Waltham Abbey).
Ø Review traffic monitoring data and pursue traffic modelling for the Bell
Common AQMA.
Ø Submit an updating and screening assessment report in 2015 and progress to
a detailed assessment for monitoring locations were pollutant concentrations
remain above the objective level and have not shown improvement on
completion of the M25 widening works.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
42
Epping Forest District Council
11
References
Nitrogen Dioxide Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/national-bias.html
Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM:TG(09)
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/local-air-quality-management-technicalguidance-laqm-tg-09
Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO2 Monitoring Practical Guidance
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/0802141004_NO2_WG_PracticalGuidance_Issu
e1a.pdf
Summary of Laboratory Performance in WASP NO2 Proficiency Testing Scheme for
Rounds 117-124.
http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-WASP-Rounds-117-124-(April-2012-March-2014)-NO2-report.pdf
GRADKO Schedule of Accreditation
http://www.ukas.org/testing/schedules/Actual/2187Testing%20Single.pdf
LAQM Progress Report 2014
43
Epping Forest District Council
Appendices
Appendix A: Diffusion Tube Data
A1
QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring
A2
Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
A3
Diffusion tube precision and accuracy
A4
NO2 distance from roads
LAQM Progress Report 2014
44
Epping Forest District Council
Appendix A: QA:QC Data
A1
QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring
The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed via Gradko Environmental (a division
of Gradko International Ltd), who are a UKAS accredited laboratory.
Diffusion tubes are prepared as 20% Triethanolamine (TEA) in water and are
analysed by UV Spectrophotometry according to a documented in-house Laboratory
Method.
Gradko Environmental take part in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency
(WASP) for analysis of NO2 diffusion tubes, and the percentage (%) of results
submitted which were subsequently determined to be satisfactory based upon a zscore of < ± 2 in the summary of Laboratory Performance in Rounds 120 -123
(January 2013 – December 2013) are shown below.
Laboratory
WASP
R120
January –
March 2013
WASP
R121
April – June
2013
WASP
R122
July –
September
2013
WASP
R123
October –
December
2013
Gradko Environmental
100%
100%
100%
100%
LAQM Progress Report 2014
45
Epping Forest District Council
LAQM Progress Report 2014
46
Epping Forest District Council
A2
Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
A local bias adjustment factor is not available; therefore the 03/14 version of the
national diffusion tube bias adjustment spreadsheet was used to derive a bias
adjustment factor. Diffusion tubes are supplied by Gradko Environmental and are a
20% TEA in water preparation.
The national bias adjustment factor is 0.95.
LAQM Progress Report 2014
47
Epping Forest District Council
A3
Diffusion tube precision and accuracy
Chigwell, Hainault Road:
EOR 1
LAQM Progress Report 2014
48
Epping Forest District Council
EOR 2
EOR 3
LAQM Progress Report 2014
49
Epping Forest District Council
EOR 4
EOR 5
LAQM Progress Report 2014
50
Epping Forest District Council
EOR 6
EOR 7
LAQM Progress Report 2014
51
Epping Forest District Council
Epping, 15 High Street:
Epping, Bell Vue:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
52
Epping Forest District Council
Epping, Ladbrokes:
Epping, Superdrug:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
53
Epping Forest District Council
Hastingwood, Canes Lane:
Loughton, 2 Church Hill:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
54
Epping Forest District Council
Loughton, 249 High Road:
Loughton, 252 High Road:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
55
Epping Forest District Council
Loughton, 72 Church Hill:
Loughton, Goldings Hill:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
56
Epping Forest District Council
Roydon, Netherhall Lane:
Single tubes:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
57
Epping Forest District Council
Waltham Abbey, 13 The Elms:
Waltham Abbey, 15 The Elms:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
58
Epping Forest District Council
Waltham Abbey, Burrows Chase:
Waltham Abbey, Hayden Road:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
59
Epping Forest District Council
Waltham Abbey, Howse Road:
Waltham Abbey, Lodge Lane:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
60
Epping Forest District Council
A4
NO2 distance from roads
Albion Terrace, Sewardstone:
Chigwell, Hainault Road:
LAQM Progress Report 2014
61
Epping Forest District Council
Loughton, Goldings Hill:
Lodge Lane, Waltham Abbey
LAQM Progress Report 2014
62